Psychology Of Aging (354) FINAL (PT. 1)

Baby Boomers were born in which span of years?

1945-1964

Which of the following is true about the issues of grandparenting that we examined in class?

33% of "grandfamilies" live below the poverty line.

Ethel, the mum in "Mum and Me" has____________.

Alzheimer's

Anna was having a hard time studying for her midterms this week. She wants to work hard and do well in her courses but she also wants to have fun on Halloween. Her roommate, Elvira, keeps putting on her devil costume and says "come on Anna, go out with me!" How can we apply Freud's iceberg analogy to Anna's dilemma so she can best resolve the situation?

Anna should draw on the strength of her reality principle: study hard, and watch a scary movie on Halloween.

Which of the following is not a true statement?

At the start of the Baby Boom, 17 million more babies than the highest average for any previous years were born.

Having unusually strong muscles, a fit cardiovascular system, and good mobility would signify that an older adult has a younger _____________ age.

Biological

The combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is given the term ____________.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The process of life review, in which the individual reconsiders past life events, is associated with which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Ego integrity vs. despair

(T/F) Younger adults are less similar to each other than are older adults.

False

Howie and Holly, a couple in their 60s, decide to retire and join the Peace Corps. They wish to serve others who are need so they can "make a difference" in the world. According to Erikson, this couple would be attempting to resolve which psychosocial issue?

Generativity vs. stagnation.

Dr. Byrd hypothesized that people who lived in the Southeast regions of the United States during the first 5 years of their life would be less likely to need dentures than people who spent their first 5 years in the Southwest or Midwest. The independent variable in this study is:

Geographical region of the U.S.

Today, most psychologists accept the idea that human development goes on throughout life. This concept of development as lifelong is called the _______________ approach.

Lifespan

Which of the following is true about people 65 and older who are married?

Older Hispanic men are more likely to be married than older Hispanic women.

Which of the following statements about aging and digestion is true?

Older adults can benefit from eating food high in fiber.

Dr. Green hypothesized that Americans over the age of 60 are more likely to eat beef than to eat fish. The dependent variable in this study is:

Preference for beef or fish.

Benny is 70-years-old and now unable to hear sounds that are high in pitch such as the playing of a violin or the songs of a soprano. Benny likely suffers from:

Presbycusis

Behaviors known to increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease include which of the following?

Sedentary lifestyle.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of Erikson's epigenetic principle?

There is a series of stages that unfold from each other throughout life.

Dr. Walter is a researcher studying the effects of cognitive changes on language ability in older adults. His findings, like many others in the literature, suggest that as people get older their language is negatively affected by changes in:

ability to hold information in working memory

The decrease with age in the hormone known as DHEA is referred to specifically as:

adrenopause

Researchers have demonstrated that improved cognitive performance in older adults is linked to which lifestyle habit?

aerobic exercise

The loss of hair associated with aging due to hormonal changes is known as:

alopecia androgenica

Studies on memory controllability show that when older adults believe they can control their memories they:

are more likely to use strategies that improve their memory.

A study of Canadian parents showed that the greatest difficulty in adapting to the empty nest was experienced by parents who:

believe that the world is a dangerous and threatening place.

The term _________ refers to a clouding of the lens of the eye, a condition that affects many older adults.

cataract

The term "biopsychosocial" in referring to development means that:

change is understood from an integrative perspective.

A psychological factor affecting the driving performance of older adults is:

changes in decision-time speed

Changes in melatonin with age are thought to be related to which aspect of physical functioning in adulthood?

circadian rhythm

According to the General Slowing Hypothesis, older people perform more slowly on reaction time tasks because they are experiencing changes in:

cognitive resources

The notion that development in later life builds upon changes that occurred earlier in development is known as the principle of:

continuity of changes.

Mental health workers who serve the older adult population are concerned about the skip generation family because they believe it has the potential to:

create undue caregiving burden in grandparents.

Research on intelligence patterns over the years from early to later adulthood shows the greatest increase in which type of abilities?

crystallized

Forgetting something just read emerges in which stage of Alzheimer's Disease?

early

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing COPD due to its effects on which enzyme?

elastase

Changes in the _________ fibers of the dermis contribute to the wrinkling of the skin.

elastin

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older people are most likely to value which function of relationships?

emotional

(T/F) As we can see from the comments made by the elderly men and women in the "wisdom" video, having gathered many material possessions is the key to having a life well-lived.

false

(T/F) Research on intelligence patterns over the years from early to later adulthood shows the greatest increase in fluid intelligence.

false

(T/F) The widowhood effect is especially hard on women.

false

Research comparing younger and older adults on __________ memory, or recall of distinctive events, shows that there are few age differences.

flashbulb

Due to presbyopia, 65-year-old Anne needs to use:

glasses

According to the attentional resources theory of aging, older adults do more poorly on attentional tasks because they:

have limited processing energy for handling new information.

The context processing theory of attention and aging attributes the effects of aging to:

inability to search for more than one stimulus at a time in an array

The most prevalent sleep problem for older adults is:

insomnia

Because he is experiencing sarcopenia, Mr.Schriever is most likely to have difficulty performing which type of activity?

lifting weights

Which of the following is not among the research methods described in your text book?

limited consent

Ted is a 76-year-old man who has just had a car accident in which he was the driver. It is most likely that his accident involved:

making a left-hand turn into oncoming traffic

The idea that the status of older people in society diminishes as that society becomes increasingly industrialized is known as the ____________ theory of ageism.

modernization

The idea that older adults who are subject to more than one type of discrimination in addition to ageism are particularly disadvantaged is known as the ____________ hypothesis.

multiple jeopardy

The plasticity model of the nervous system proposes that:

our environment contributes to preserved brain function as we age.

Clumps of dead neurons found in the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease are known as amyloid _______.

plaques

According to the aging and memory "scorecard," older adults have difficulty in which of the following memory tasks?

prospective

The widowhood effect refers to the finding that individuals whose spouses die, compared to those still married, have higher:

rates of dying from all causes

The risk of developing colon cancer is higher in countries in which people consume large amounts of:

red meat

Your older relative seems to have no difficulty recalling the events on the night of her high school prom. In fact, when you look at her photos in her album, her memory seems very accurate and also fits with what her friends said about what they did that night. Your relative is showing the effect known as the:

reminiscence bump

The "anniversary reaction," as applied to widowhood, refers to the:

renewed feelings of loss near the date of the spouse's death.

Red wine is thought to reduce the rate of aging because it contains ____________.

resveratrol

Studies in which older adults are given memory training report that improving an older adult's __________ can be highly beneficial to boosting performance.

self-efficacy

Which type of memory functioning is generally preserved in later adulthood?

semantic

In the language and aging "scorecard," a factor that helps to preserve language use in later adulthood is:

semantic memory

Mrs. Dahl is a 75-year-old woman who can't figure out why she's getting shorter as she gets older. Her decrease in height is most likely due to:

shrinking of the vertebrae

Ranee enters graduate school in her 40s, much later than most of her friends, who either never went to graduate school or are finished with their degrees. Ranee would be considered to have an "off-time" _______ clock:

social

A marriage therapist working from the social exchange theory of interpersonal relationships would attempt to assess whether the partners in a distressed couple feel that:

the rewards of the relationship outweigh the costs.

(T/F) According to the principles of intraindividual and interindividual variability, the rates of each type of aging vary within individuals and from person to person.

true

(T/F) Taking away an elderly person's driver's license can lead the person to feel a loss of independence, and that loss of independence is something many seniors fear.

true

(T/F) The cohort a person belongs to could certainly be correlated to characteristics like knowledge of technology and physical health but it is not a cause of those characteristics.

true

According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults have more memory problems because they are unable to:

tune out irrelevant information.

Neurofibrillary tangles cause _________ in neurons affected by Alzheimer's disease.

twisting of the microtubules

In class, __________ was partially defined as a incorporating tolerance for the uncertainties of life as well as its ups and downs and having an awareness of how things play out over time.

wisdom

George is 67 years old. Using the divisions of the over-65 population, he would be referred to as:

young-old.