psychology personality test

oral stage

0-18 months old. E-zone is the mouth. said if an infant is fed/breastfed too long the person will get stuck in this stage of development, and as u get older u will constantly be putting things in your mouth like chewing your nails, pen caps, etc. If you are not fed/breastfed for long enough and are under indulged, you will be a sadistic adult meaning you will enjoy hurting people or even yourself.

3 levels of consciousness(awareness)

1. conscious 2. preconscious 3. unconscious

3 part principle structure of personality

1. id 2. ego 3. superego

anal stage

18months-3 years old. E-zone is the anus. This Is the potty train stage, the biggest thing about this is about control because what this age wants now is independence. If the child is forced too soon to be potty trained, like before they are ready, they will become very anal retentive, they will become a control freak. Freud says it's the opposite for children who's mom was super chill and was basically like whenever you're ready to learn, then cool. The child later on will basically shit on everything, you are a hot mess, you are messy, late, etc.

phallic stage

3-6 years old. E-zone is the genitals. When little girls and boys start learning they are boys and girls and private parts and all that. little boys fall in love with their mother and hate their father/ and are scared of them and develop castration anxiety. Girls get electra-complex.

latent stage

6-11 years old. No E-zone. no psychosexual conflict. Only thing that should be going on is girls making good friendships with other girls and boys developing good friendships with other boys.

social cognitive perspective

Bandura believed self-efficacy has a big deal on our personality.

psychoanalytic perspective/Freudian concepts

Believed most mental disorders and problems we have come from our unconscious, the stuff we are not aware of. Believed our personality is a 3 part structure.

unconditional positive regard

Meaning we don't attach any contingencies to whether or not they are treated well. Carl Rogers made this.

anixiety disorders

Most common disorders. Most treatable. 2 times more women that have this than men. Irrational fears

projective personality tests

Not so clear. Subject to interpretation.

personality testing

Standardized, normed personality tests people take for various reasons that psychologists and psychiatrists, etc. use to find out people's personalities and what is going on in their lives.

psychiatry

The study of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness.

defense mechanisms

The ways we cope with the anxiety from the ego failing.

freud's psychosexual theory

Within each stage, there is some type of psychosexual conflict that develops in an individual. If the conflict Is resolved in the positive manner, then you become a healthy person. If the conflict is not, and it gets stuck, then you will have problems later on, or you will get stuck in that particular stage which will cause problems later on.

self-efficacy

Your belief in your ability to be successful at something. Can be different for different things. Ex: not having any confident in yourself with math whatsoever, and doing bad in the class mostly just because of your belief you suck at math.

openness

a high scorer on this: imaginative and curious a low scorer on this: much more conventional about the way you do things, traditional, uncreative.

humanistic perspective

a very optimistic perspective that believes all people are good. the two majors names that made this is Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

carl rogers

believed one thing that has a high impact on how a child develops is whether or not they are treated with UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD. Ex: I will love you if you go to college. Basing having their parent's love on if they do something they want.

Abraham Maslow

believes we are all trying to reach our own individual highest potential, we go thru a bump in the road because we have to in order to reach our best self: also defined as Self-Actualization.

trephining

boring holes in the skull to try and make the evil spirits leave. They were tortured in what came to be known as insane asylums. They would be awful to these people and did exorcisms. This was in the stone ages.

intellectualization

defense mechanism. being diagnosed with cancer and instead of breaking down and freaking out, all you do is research everything about it.

denial

defense mechanism. pretending like something is okay or there when something isn't. Ex: alcoholics refusing their addiction.

displacement

defense mechanism. redirecting an impulse towards another less threatening person or object. Ex: taking your anger out on someone you aren't even mad at because they're the only one there.

regression

defense mechanism. reverting back to an earlier developmental time because of anxiety. Ex: you watch a scary movie and after wanna go crawl in bed with your mom.

rationalization

defense mechanism. telling yourself that something that is unacceptable is acceptable. Ex: cheating on a test and making yourself believe it is okay because everyone cheats.

repression

defense mechanism. when you don't want to remember something, you push it down, you had a really embarrassing experience as an 8th grader so you don't remember it anymore. Freud believed this is the most basic of all of the defense mechanisms.

sublimation

defense mechanism. when you take something unacceptable and turn it into something acceptable. Ex: always have wanted to drive your car extremely extremely fast but you cant because you will be killed or get arrested, so you become a race car driver when you're older- where fast driving is acceptable.

projection

defense mechanism. when you transfer your own thoughts or desires onto someone else. Ex: if you walk into class today in a bad mood and asking someone else why they have an attitude, when in reality you're the one in the mood.

reaction formation

defense mechanism. you know you are a lesbian, but on Sunday you are going to join a march that is an anti-gay parade. You are reacting the way exactly opposite to how you actually feel to cover it up.

erogenous zone/E-zone

each stage of life has this, according to the psychosexual theory. it is the part of the person where the conflict surrounds that particular development period.

DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

every single diagnosis of every mental disorder is in this book. Most important book for psychologists/psychiatrists. The objective of this book is to make it as easy to use as possible and easiest to find out as possible.

extroversion

high scorer on this: Speak before you think, talkative, freely talking loud in class, get energy from large groups of people low scorer on this: Process more before speaking, prefer to be with a small group of friends, more withdrawn.

neuroticism

high scorer on this: Tightly wound, very stressed, anxious, worried about things. low scorer on this: Calm, even tempered, chill.

agreeableness

high scorer on this: go with the flow and keep the peace low scorer on this: Pain in a butt person, critical, irritable

conscientiousness

high scorer on this: is always on time, does what they say will do. a low scorer on this: train wreck, always late, hot mess

personality

latively stable(most of us will keep our core personalities from the time we are children through adulthood) and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

castration anxiety

leads to the positive resolution with the son identifying with the father or the same sex parent.

Insanity plea

less than 1% of court cases have been used this because the burden of proof is so hard to prove.

objective personality testing

like when you take a normal test at school with choices. Is standardized. Ex: Myers' brigs.

superego

morality principle. Think of the angel on the shoulder. Very overly strict conscious that expects way more than what the average person can really do. If there was a pizza in front of u with people, the superego says starve yourself, let everyone eat the pizza but you.

Insanity

not a psychological illness. A legal term where a person does not know right from wrong. Not going to find this as a mental illness diagnosis in the psychiatry bible. It will be a legal term.

MMPI: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory:

objective personality testing. 500 statements that you give to somebody and they bubble in true/false next to each statement. Then as a person giving the test you learn indicators if they were depressed, homosexual, lying, etc.

types of personality testing

objective personality tests, and projective personality tests

criticism of trait theories

people are unique, it is hard to put someone exactly in just one category. it doesn't explain why you have the personality you have. this isn't specific enough. it doesn't consider situational factors as affecting personality.

id

pleasure principle. Think of this as the devil on the shoulder. Wants what it wants, when it wants it, no matter what the cost, seeks immediate gratification. Id says eat all the pizza, screw everyone else, just eat it all.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

projective personality test. random looking weird pictures of dots and random scribbles and the therapist asks what you see in the picture and you have to say what you see, and they use that to interpret your personality.

Mind=

psyche

genital stage

puberty. E-zone is the genitals. Main challenge in this stage is for this age group to establish opposite sex relationships. Meaning guys should be friends with girls and girls should be friends with guys. If this doesn't happen, girls will not understand how to have meaningful relationships in the future based on trust and love, and neither will boys.

ego

reality principle. Think of the referee in the middle of the devil and angel on the shoulder. Let to mediate between the irrational demands of the superego and irrational demands of the id. More realistic. When this fails, anxiety results.

Phillipe Pinel

the one that changed the way insane asylum people were treated. Was the first person to suggest that they weren't possessed and had evils in them, they actually had mental illnesses. This is where Psychiatry came from.

the big five

the trait perspective theories: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

preconscious

things back of your mind that would be easily brought to conscious level.

unconscious

things that affect you that you aren't aware of

electra complex

we as little girls fall in love with our fathers and develop a hatred towards their mothers. we are terrified of our mothers. We develop and live our entire life feeling inferior to males and will always have an underlying way to blame their mom for this and have a hatred for her. Which is why we have mother daughter tension. in the phallic stage.

conscious

what you are currently aware of and focused on