Psychology Practice Test 2

________ revised the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale to include more subfields. There are now many offshoots of his original test, including the popular WAIS. a. David Wechsler. b. Lewis Terman c. Alfred Binet. d. James Flynn.

a. David Wechsler

The units of language from the smallest unit to the largest are a. Lexicon, syntax, morpheme b. phoneme, morpheme, syntax. c. morpheme, phoneme, syntax. d. syntax, phoneme, morpheme.

b. phoneme, morpheme, syntax

The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing. a. opponent-process b. place c. temporal d. conductive

b. place

________ interference occurs when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information, while ________ interference happens when information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information. a. inactive; active b. proactive; retroactive c. active; inactive d. retroactive; proactive

b. proactive; retroactive

Mason has a cochlear implant. He is able to hear because the implant a. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the tympanic membrane to transmit vibrations to the ossicles. b. receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. c. receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain. d. receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve.

b. receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

Stickers on a sticker chart are an example of which type of reinforcer? a. operant b. secondary c. primary d. classical

b. secondary

Destiny is excellent at working with shapes and models. Her dream job is to design for Lego one day. This exemplifies ________ intelligence. a. logical-mathematical b. spatial c. naturalist d. bodily-kinesthetic

b. spatial

Austin has never met one of his work colleagues, having only interacted online or on the phone. He's still able to pick out his coworker at a conference in a room full of people because of ________. a. the perceptual power of audition b. the cross-modal relationship between auditory speech and visual information c. the multi-modal relationship between hearing and touch d. the multi-modal relationship between hearing and sight

b. the cross-modal relationship between auditory speech and visual information

Which sense relies on the organs of the inner ear to help maintain balance and body posture? a. olfaction b. the vestibular sense c. thermoception d. kinesthesia

b. the vestibular sense

Who developed the idea that short-term memories get "filed away" in three different areas of the brain: a visuo-spatial area, a phonological loop for auditory memories, and an episodic buffer for multi-modal memories with storylines? a. Tulving b. Akinson and Shiffrin c. Stroop d. Baddeley and Hitch

d. Baddeley and Hitch

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of similarity, and proximity? a. somatosensory b. biometric c. psychoanalytic d. Gestalt

d. Gestalt

Which is the faster technique for solving a problem? a. Problem identification b. Trial-and-error c. Algorithms d. Heuristics

d. Heuristics

The opponent-process theory is supported by ________. a. trichromatic theory b. colorblindness c. conductive hearing loss d. afterimages

d. afterimages

The organ of Corti on the ________ within the ________ changes vibrations into impulses that travel to the auditory nerve. a. pinna; cochlea b. ossicles; tympanic membrane c. auditory canal; ossicles d. basilar membrane; cochlea

d. basilar membrane; cochlea

Grant and Reid are six-year old twins. They want to find a way to get the frisbee off of the roof without asking for help, so Grant climbs a tree in order to push down a branch so that Reid can reach it. They wiggle the branch until it snaps, then use the branch with a fan of leaves to sweep down the frisbee. Their solution relies on ________ intelligence. a. analytic b. interpersonal c. practical d. creative

d. creative

The recall of false autobiographical memories is known as a. suggestibility. b. misinformation effect paradigm. c. memory construction. d. false memory syndrome.

d. false memory syndrome

Merkel's disks and Ruffini corpuscles are examples of ________. a. nociceptors b. chemoreceptors c. thermoreceptors d. mechanoreceptors

d. mechanoreceptors

Susan is undergoing chemotherapy, which makes her feel nauseous. Now she feels nauseous the moment she walks into the doctor's office. What is the unconditioned response in this situation? a. the doctor's office b. chemotherapy c. dread d. nausea

d. nausea

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. a. suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence b. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins c. intelligence is affected by early adoption. d. revealed a genetic component to intelligence

d. revealed a genetic component to intelligence

What is wavelength? a. the height of a wave b. a logarithmic unit of sound intensity c. the lowest point of a wave d. the distance from one wave peak to the next

d. the distance from one wave peak to the next

If something is original, it is a. valuable. b. interesting in some way. c. convergent d. unique.

d. unique

Smelling the lingering scent of the fish you reheated in the microwave is an example of ________. a. olfaction b. audition c. proprioception d. gustation

a. olfaction

Martha needs 3 eggs from the store, so she thinks of a shoe filled with 3 eggs. This is an example the ________ technique. a. peg-word b. elaborative rehearsal c. word aid d. dmnemonic word

a. peg-word

What are the three types of encoding? a. semantic, acoustic, and visual b. visual, sensory, and auditory c. visual, auditory, acoustic d. semantic, visual, and sensory

a. semantic, acoustic, and visual

Jarren wants his dog to play dead when he says "bang, bang!" so he begins by giving him a treat each time that he crouches down after giving the command. Eventually he'll get him to roll over and then to lay on his back with his legs outstretched. This is an example of a. shaping. b. positive reinforcement c. acquisition. d. primary reinforcement.

a. shaping

________ concepts are the ones we know through experience. a. Heuristic b. Natural c. Artificial d. Prototypic

b. Natural

What happened when the participants were asked to draw the size of the hole in Jessica Witt's research? a. They drew the hole smaller than the actual hole size if surrounded by smaller circles b. They drew the hole smaller than the actual hole size if surrounded by larger circles c. They drew the hole larger than the actual hole size if surrounded by larger circles d. They did not differ in the size of hole drawn regardless of which circles surrounded the putting hole

b. They drew the hole smaller than the actual hole size if surrounded by larger circles

In the movie "50 First Dates," the main character wakes up each day not remembering the day before or having met her new boyfriend. She suffers from ________ amnesia. a. retrograde b. anterograde c. graduated d. full

b. anterograde

When a person or animal makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together, they are exemplifying ________ learning. a. modeling b. associative c. instinctive d. reflexive

b. associative

When questioning a victim about the perpetrator of a crime, the police should a. give a lineup of potential suspects and ask which one is the culprit. b. be intentionally vague and provide opportunities for the victim to offer information. c. make sure to praise the eyewitness when they identify the suspect d. ask specific questions, like, "where did he hurt you?" instead of "did he hurt you?"

b. be intentionally vague and provide opportunities for the victim to offer information

Tyler is learning to read and write but having a difficult time. He sometimes switches up the letters and words in the sentences and almost always writes his name backwards. Which learning disability does he have? a. an intellectual disability b. dyslexia c. dysgraphia d. dysthymia

b. dyslexia

Long-term memories you have to consciously think about are a. sensory memories b. explicit memories c. semantic memories d. implicit memories

b. explicit memories

Pitch is determined by the ________ of sound waves. a. brightness b. frequency c. amplitude d. decibels

b. frequency

Learning that does not reveal itself until it is needed is called a. observational learning. b. latent learning c. applied learning d. shaping

b. latent learning

Chinese speakers a. only refer to time in horizontal terms. b. may be more prone to think of time on a vertical or horizontal plane. c. are not susceptible to linguistic determinism. d. may be less likely to describe time on a vertical axis than English speakers.

b. may be more prone to think of time on a vertical or horizontal plane

At a football game, your friend from ten rows down yells at you to bring them some of your popcorn. At first you couldn't understand what they were asking, but once you saw their mouth, you could make out the request. This is consistent with the ________. a. with the McGurk and McDonald effect on white noise b. with the results of the Sumby and Pollack study on the audiovisual advantage c. multisensory enhancement explanation d. place theory

b. with the results of the Sumby and Pollack study on the audiovisual advantage

________ is well known for his research on animals and pigeons. He even created an operant conditioning chamber designed to reward animals for specific behaviors. a. Edward Thorndike b. Ivan Pavlov c. B.F. Skinner d. Edward C. Tolman

c. B.F. Skinner

Positive Reinforcement refers to a situation where ________. a. a behavior is decreased because something undesirable was eliminated through engaging in the behavior b. A behavior is increased because something undesirable was added through engaging in the behavior c. a behavior is increased because something desirable was gained through engaging in the behavior d. a behavior increased, regardless of whether something was gained or lost

c. a behavior is increased because something desirable was gained through engaging in the behavior

When rats had their ________ removed, they no longer experienced their fear memory. a. cerebellum b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. prefrontal cortex

c. amygdala

Matthias watched his older brother get arrested for selling drugs. He followed the steps of the modeling process to know that he doesn't want to get involved with selling drugs himself. These steps are: a. motivation, attention, replication, and retention. b. motivation, intuitiveness, desire, and replication. c. attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. d. retention, attention, motivation, reproduction

c. attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation

Which is an example of classical conditioning? a. telling students if they fill up a jar with tokens for good behavior, then they will get a pizza party at the end of the year. b. blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room c. being afraid of thunder and lightning because the last two times you were in a thunderstorm, there were also tornadoes. d. watching your grandmother make her favorite recipe multiple times, as you help her out, and later discovering you can make the recipe by yourself.

c. being afraid of thunder and lightning because the last two times you were in a thunderstorm, there were also tornadoes

Using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using ________ cues. a. opponent-process b. monocular c. binocular d. trichromatic

c. binocular

If you think baseball is boring and reluctantly agree to join your friend at the ballpark, chances are good you will be ready to go by the seventh inning stretch, even though it has been a high-scoring game. This is an example of a. functional fixedness. b. the availability heuristic. c. confirmation bias. d. representative bias.

c. confirmation bias

4-year old Jada, who lives close to a lake in Virginia, is learning about animals. Her prototype for an amphibian is most likely a a. caecilian. b. newt. c. frog. d. salamander.

c. frog

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule? a. feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m. b. playing the slot machine c. getting five bucks from your parents every time you learn 3 new songs on the violin d. giving your dog a treat every time she goes to the bathroom outside

c. getting five bucks from your parents every time you learn 3 new songs on the violin

Two-thirds of typical conversations are about ________. a. emotions. b. families or family matters. c. gossip. d. factual information.

c. gossip

A bell curve relies on a ________ sample. a. reliable b. nonrepresentative c. large d. small

c. large

Gabe was essentially fluent in French in elementary school when he lived in Canada, but then moved away until he got a job offer to work in Paris during his 20s. He picks it up again surprisingly fast. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. a. encoding b. effortless processing c. relearning d. recall

c. relearning

When surrounded by larger circles, a center circle will appear ________ than if surrounded by smaller circles. a. invisible b. the same c. smaller d. larger

c. smaller

Amira came to the United States for college. She has near perfect English, but her roommates tease her when she accidentally asks, "Did you shower yourself today?" instead of, "Did you take a shower?" This is an example of incorrect ________ structure. a. morpheme b. lexicon c. syntax d. Semantic

c. syntax

When the brain receives nociceptive signals from the body, ________. a. they are ignored as unimportant b. they can be amplified by focusing on a distraction c. they can be blocked by the brain's descending pain modulatory system d. the experience of pain will be lessened if we focus on the injury

c. they can be blocked by the brain's descending pain modulatory system

You walk by the same billboard on the way to school each day, but have never actually looked at it. When asked to guess which billboard it was from a selection of billboards, you somehow identify the right one because a. the image on the billboard passed your absolute threshold of detection. b. you perceived it using your occipital lobe. c. you subliminally processed the image. d. you identified the just noticeable difference between the billboards.

c. you subliminally processed the image