Psychology Quiz 5

Quizzes are due by _______________ on Sunday night

10pm

In what way are classical and operant conditioning distinct?

Basically, in operant conditioning you must perform the behavior and be rewarded in order for the behavior to happen again whereas in classical conditioning the behavior is a learned reflex by pairing stimuli together in conditioning.

In which of these scenarios has extinction occurred?

Connor has quit smoking and no longer feels excited when he sees a cigarette.

Participants were given a word list with the following words: table, restaurant, food, silverware, plate, service, and waiter. Later, when asked to recall the words, many participants accidentally included the word dinner, even though it was not on the list. This phenomena is referred to as:

Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect

Mr. Sampson's mouth always waters when he sees a donut. He nearly always orders a coffee when he has a donut. One day, he orders a coffee and a chocolate donut. He is served the coffee right away, but told that the donuts are still being made and he will have to wait a few minutes. He takes a seat while he is waiting and takes a deep sniff of his coffee. As he does so, he begins salivating. In terms of classical conditioning, why did this happen?

It happened because the coffee is acting as a conditioned stimulus.

Emily naturally blinks whenever her sister pretends she's going to poke her in the eye. Her sister, a psychology major, then decides to have a little fun. She pairs the word "psychology" (conditioned stimulus) with pretending to poke Emily in the eye (unconditioned stimulus). Soon, Emily blinks as soon as she hears the word "psychology." According to the concept of blocking, what would happen in this scenario if Emily's sister also started snapping her fingers when she said the word psychology?

Snapping her fingers will not have any additional effects because it is not adding any surprise to predict the unconditioned stimulus

In a follow-up study to the original Bobo Doll experiment, Badura observed the process of vicarious reinforcement, where children behaved less aggressively when:

aggressive models were punished

At which stage does memory failure occur?

any stage...because memory failure can have different causes

Operant conditioning focuses on how

behavior is influenced by its consequences

Procedural memory (your knowledge of how to perform a task such as washing the dishes or dancing) would be affected by damage to this part of the brain which controls such things as balance, etc.

cerebellum

In Bandura's famous experiment children observed either an aggressive or a non-aggressive model in a room of toys and a Bobo Doll. When allowed to play with Bobo, researchers observed that children who observed the aggressive model were more aggressive in their own interactions. Research concluded that:

children used their observation of adult models to determine that aggressive behavior was acceptable

Because hyphens divide the numbers on your social security card into three segments, it is easier for you to remember this nine-digit number. This illustrates:

chunking

Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of ______________ conditioning.

classical

Which of the following is an example of modeling?

dance an unfamiliar dance step after seeing it performed

A child has learned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates stimulus _______.

discrimination

During the lecture Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point the professor gives an pop quiz on the material. Wayne can't retrieve the information the prof gave in the lecture and does poorly on the test. A likely factor in Wayne's not being able to retrieve the information is:

encoding failure

If you tend to be absent-minded, which theory of forgetting is probably to blame?

encoding failure

The fact that many people do not know which way Lincoln is facing on the penny is probably due to:

encoding failure

Your niece has a temper tantrum in the store. If you buy her a piece of candy to quiet her down you are ______________ more tantrums.

encouraging

Think about your first passionate kiss. Your recollections of this event are stored in your _____________ memory.

episodic

Learning includes changes in behavior as a result of_____.

experience

______________- memory is one that a person is aware of having and that is consciously retrieved.

explicit

Most of you can vividly recall where you were, what you were doing and how you felt when you saw the planes hit the Twin Towers on TV on September 11th, 2001. This tragedy formed a:

flashbulb memory

Long term memory

has an unlimited storage capacity

An area of the brain of particular importance for memory storage is the

hippocampus

The best way to handle the the temper tantrum is to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the behavior.

ignore

A puppy has begun to cry and bark in order to be let into the house. To extinguish this response, you would

ignore the crying, letting the puppy in when quiet

One of the most damaging issues with Alzheimer's Disease is:

interference with memory

Why can't you remember what you had for breakfast last year on August 20th?

it wasn't processed into long term memory and if it did you are having trouble with retrieval

Learning to dance , tie your shoe, or playing a guitar, are most easily learned through

modeling

A child who learns to play kickball by sitting back and watching is engaged in:

observational learning

Kelly is grounded by her father, until she sits down and completes an important homework assignment. Which technique has her father used to try to alter her behavior?

positive punishment

Humans are much more likely to associate snakes with danger than flowers and danger. This is due to our evolutionary tendency called __________.

preparedness

Jay dated Ashley for quite awhile until Ashley moved to another state. Now Jay is dating Tianna. After a nice evening together, Jay says good night to Tianna but calls her Ashley. Jay is experiencing

proactive interference

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportmanlike conduct is using

punishment

According to the _________ law of effect, David is less likely to turn to drugs, sex, or alcohol for reinforcement since he has plenty of other sources of reinforcement such as good grades, soccer team wins, and parental praise.

quantitative

A psychology question that asks you to describe and explain the four stages of sleep would be measuring memory by

recall

Operant conditioning involves which of the following?

reinforcement

Effects that increase behaviors are __________; effects that decrease them are ____________.

reinforcers; punishers

If new experiences disrupt recall of old experiences, this is referred to as:

retroactive interference.

A time out is an example of a ___________________ punisher.

secondary

An intelligence test frequently has a general knowledge section which tests for

semantic memory

A visual icon of something you see and an echoic memory of something you hear are examples of:

sensory memory

You want to stop your cat from clawing your new sofa by spraying a stream of water on the cat as punishment for clawing the furniture. If you are to be successful, you must:

spray the cat every time he begins to claw the sofa

When a person is sad and depressed, they have a tendency to remember more sad memories. This is referred to as _______________ learning.

state-dependent

The definition of memory is that it is an active system that receives, organizes, and ____________ information.

stores

If a tone is sometimes preceded by a light, and always followed by a shock, an animal will likely learn to fear:

the tone, but not the light

In a "Skinner box" experiments with rats the rats can learn:

to press a lever when reinforced with a food pellet

Jessy was speeding on his motorcycle when he saw another person pulled over by the police. This made Jessy slow down because he was reminded through watching another person what the punishment of his behavior would be. What is this specific process of observational learning called?

vicarious reinforcement

Levi met a cute girl on the street. The girl gave Levi her number and Levi is trying to remember the digits until he can write it down when he finds a paper and pencil. Levi is using what type of memory to remember the girl's phone number?

working memory