Psychology

Which linguist(s) proposed that the thoughts that an individual has are determined by the language that he or she uses?

Sapir-Whorf

Cedric tells a new acquaintance that he is "from Chicago" even though he is really from a suburb close to the city. After his vague introduction, Cedric learns that his new acquaintance is also from the Chicago area, so Cedric corrects himself by saying the precise town and neighborhood in which he lives. This is called

audience design

3-year-old Camille is learning about the food groups. Her family often eats peas and carrots with dinner, so her prototype for a vegetable is most likely a

carrot

Looking for evidence to back up the way you already feel about something is an example of

confirmation bias

Madison needs to wrap a present but doesn't have any wrapping paper. She quickly searches the apartment and finds a brown grocery bag to use instead. This is an example of

divergent thinking

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have? A. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. comorbidity C. dysgraphia D. dyslexia

dysgraphia

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they________.

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

Internet search engines use to show the appropriate results.

Algorithms

Wendy's belief that rabbits are cute, fun, and intelligent animals is an example of a

Artificial concept

What is true of gossip and story-telling?

As a story is retold, the stereotypical information is likely to be retained

Which of the following is a description of the Remote Associates Test (RAT)?

Participants are asked to come up with a word that is related to three seemingly unrelated words.

To fulfill one of the three requirements of good test design, Dr.Billimek administered his new test, under uniform conditions, to a large number of people at various ages and who were representative of the population of interest. Dr.Billimek has gone through a procedure called , and the score of this representative group will be used to establish the against which an individual score will be compared and interpreted.

Standardization; norms

While traveling to Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people, "Excuse me, can you please the time tell me?" Even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, Gunther's incorrect use of threatens his attempts at communicating with others in a language that is foreign to him.

Syntax

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

artificial

Jaimie doesn't have much time before her class, and she still needs to find a ride to the airport, print off her assignment, and text her manager about changing her shift. Her best strategy for solving these problems will be to use

heuristics

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as

one standard deviation above the mean

Which of the following sequences demonstrates the correct order of the components of language from the smallest component to the broadest?

phoneme, morpheme, syntax

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

What are the rules by which we construct sentences?

syntax

The findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggested that

there is a genetic component to intelligence