Psychology Test 1 Study

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives?

Behaviorist

Alcohol is classified as a(n) ____

Depressant

Don't worry - fear can not give you indigestion.

False

Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.

False

John B. Watson developed the social-cognitive perspective, arguing for the influence of social factors over cognition.

False

Lucas had been binge watching a television show most of the evening and he eventually started to drift off to sleep. During an especially violent scene in the show, there were loud explosions which jolted him awake. This was due to the secretion of oxytocin.

False

The human brain is larger than that of any other animal.

False

The somatic nervous system controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

False

__________ form a fatty substance called myelin

Glial cells

Harry has been using a drug that gives him vivid, colorful hallucinations. He claims that the drug gives him flashbacks and great insights. However, he is unable to recall them once the drug has worn off. Which of the following drugs is Harry likely using?

Lysergic acid diethylamide

Sue, a 10-year-old girl, suffers from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). She has a low attention span and struggles with academic work. She often gets aggressive and engages in disruptive behavior. Which of the following stimulants can help ease Sue's symptoms?

Ritalin

A single cell can stretch all the way from your spine to your toe.

True

Aristotle wrote a book on psychology more than 2,000 years ago

True

If a surgeon were to stimulate a certain part of your brain electrically, you might swear that someone had stroked your leg.

True

Messages travel in the brain by means of electricity.

True

Opiates help to relieve pain.

True

Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud.

True

Psychology is defined as the study of behavior and mental processes.

True

The first female president of the American Psychological Association, Mary Whiton Calkins, turned down the doctoral degree that was offered to her by Radcliff University.

True

Women receive the majority of doctoral degrees in psychology.

True

John recently suffered a blow to his head. Since then, he finds it difficult to comprehend what others say to him. He also finds it difficult to express his thoughts and cannot seem to find the right words to say while speaking. However, he can speak freely with proper syntax. In this scenario, John is most likely suffering from

Wernicke's aphasia

The father of psychology is ________.

Wilhelm Wundt

_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism

William James

Amelia is a general physician. One of her patients claimed to be suffering from constant stomach aches. After running some tests, Amelia concludes that the patient is not suffering from any medical disorder. However, the patient insisted that she has stomach cancer. The patient then volunteered for a medical trial where she was given a pill with a new medication while participants in the trial were given sugar pills. This best exemplifies _____.

a placebo

Which scientific method of research would be used if a college student running for student body president was trying to determine whether to emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services in their campaign?

a survey

Circadian rhythms are _____________

biological changes that occur on a 24-hour cycle

If you run a marathon, your body will release __________ to elevate your mood and reduce your pain.

endorphins

Marijuana belongs to the ___________ category of drugs

hallucinogen

The _____ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

humanistic-existential

Jakob is always too warm and perspires frequently. Which of the following structures is most responsible for him being too warm?

hypothalamus

In Gestalt psychology, learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished primarily by ________.

insight

Wilhelm Wundt used __________ to try to discover the basic elements of experience.

introspection

REM sleep occurs in __________

mammals with higher intelligence including humans

Research shows that this drug can impair lung functioning and immune response, and interfere with proper reproductive functioning.

marijuana

The BEST use of hypnosis is in _________

medical arenas that invoke anxiety, fear, and misinformation

The __________ is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration.

medulla

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the deficient hormone. Emily has _______ deficiency.

melatonin

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through

motor neurons

On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school ground and quietly sat in the corner watching the children play. He noticed several patterns in the way children behaved with each other, especially when they were playing games. Daniel is most likely using the method of __________.

naturalistic observation

A neuron sends _______ to relay its message to another neuron.

neurotransmitters

Heroine belongs to which category of drugs?

opiate

The __________ lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."

pituitary gland

Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of sleep stages?

presleep -- Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 -- REM

Drugs that change conscious awareness or perception are called ___________

psychoactive

This neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states, among other behaviors.

serotonin

Melatonin influences ______________

sleep

Gerald is obese and has a habit of snoring. He usually wakes up suddenly at night gasping for breath. After he takes a few deep breaths, he goes back to sleep. However, his breathing periodically stops several times through the night. In the context of sleep disorders, Gerald is exhibiting symptoms of _____

sleep apnea

A mental state other than an ordinary waking state, in which there are distinct changes in perception, emotion, memory, thinking, and the like, is called altered __________________.

states of consciousness

While returning from the grocery store, Bob was held at gunpoint by two men who wanted to rob him of his belongings. Bob had never been in a fight before, yet he could feel his heartbeat rapidly rise, along with a sudden urge to fight the two men. This involuntary increase in Bob's heartbeat and his immediate urge to fight the men are controlled by the __________

sympathetic nervous system

B. F. Skinner proposed

that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome.

A synaptic gap is the _________

tiny opening between the sending and receiving neuron

Freud believed that dreams allow us to access the ___________

unconscious

If a person experiences rapid breathing, muscle twitches, and perspiration when trying to quit using illegal opiates, he or she has probably developed __________________

withdrawal symptoms

Which of the following persons is clearly experiencing insomnia?

Consuela persistently has difficulty falling or staying asleep.

The left hemisphere of the brain is relatively more involved in tasks that require logic and problem solving than the right hemisphere.

True

Which of the following statements is true of nicotine?

It appears to enhance memory and attention.

Introspection is a research method suggested by Socrates. This method is still used in psychology.

True

According to the psychoanalytic approach, a good majority of what influences our behavior is:

an emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts.

Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?

The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and draw conclusions about cause and effect

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

As you read this test, you will likely do best if you _______

employ controlled processing

The ________ is the body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream.

endocrine system

A sample consists of multiple populations.

False

Psychologists do not adhere to ethical standards that help promote the dignity of the individual, maintain scientific integrity, and protect research participants and clinical clients from harm.

False

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information?

The survey method.

A neuron has a(n) _______ that extends like a trunk from the cell body

axon

A hypothesis is a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research.

True

Charles Darwin was nearly excluded from the voyage that led to the development of his theory of evolution because the captain of the ship did not like the shape of his nose.

True

Consciousness has several meanings, including sensory awareness, the selective aspect of attention, direct inner awareness, personal unity, and the waking state.

True

Derek was awakened by his father at 5:00 a.m. for a jog. Derek was very sleepy and hence did not want to go for the jog. He complained that he was in the midst of a wonderful dream before his father came and woke him. In this scenario, Derek was likely to have been in REM sleep.

True

During a typical eight-hour night, we undergo five trips through the different stages of sleep.

True

Sigmund Freud used cocaine to fight his own depression.

True

Which of the following is a goal of psychology?

To explain behavior and mental processes.

A brain cell can send out hundreds of messages each second and manage to catch some rest in between.

True