Psychology Test #2

D

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates A) source amnesia, B) the misinformation effect. C) implicit memory. D) the serial position effect.

A

College students are more likely to use a condom when told that it has a 95 percent success rate than when told it has a 5 percent failure rate. This best illustrates the impact of A) framing. B) confirmation bias. C) a fixation. D) the availability heuristic.

D

A lie detector test is used to monitor a person's A) insulin levels. B) stomach contraction. e) brain activity. D) respiration.

D

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as _______ sleep. A) NREM-1 B) NREM-2 C) NREM-3 D) REM

C

Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by others' opinions illustrate A) extraversion. B) reaction formation. C) self-actualization. D) an external locus of control.

C

According to Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for A) reciprocal determinism, B) the reality principle. C) self-transcendence. D) unconditional positive regard.

D

Grass seen through sunglasses appears equally as green as it does without glasses. This best illustrates A) Weber's law. B) sensory interaction. C) accommodation. D) color constancy.

D

Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used test. A) empirically derived B) self-esteem C) factor analytic D) projective

C

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from A) compulsions. B) catatonia. C) delusions. D) hallucinations.

D

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influence by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term A) relative deprivation. B) drive reduction. C) basal metabolic rate. D) settling point.

B

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and fonn. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for A) sensory adaptation. B) parallel processing. C) sensory interaction. D) accommodation.

D

Some students work hard in school to attain high grades. This best illustrates the importance of A) homeostasis. B) set points. e) refractory periods. D) incentives.

C

Symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about A) 5. B) 12. C) 20. D) 32.

B

The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion. This best illustrates A) relative deprivation. B) the spillover effect. C) the adaptation-level phenomenon. D) the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

D

The central focal point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as the A) lens. B) optic nerve. C) cornea. D) foveal

B

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of A) groupthink. B) superordinate goals. C) deindividuation. D) the bystander effect.

C

The most effective psychotherapists are those who A) employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients' difficulties. B) have had many years of experience practicing psychotherapy. C) establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients. D) discourage clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs.

C

The most universally understood way of expressing emotion is through A) hand gestures. B) body postures. C) facial expressions. D) tone of voice.

D

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's visual cortex? A) rods and cones B) bipolar cells C) hair cells D) feature detectors

C

f you mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of A) the catharsis hypothesis. B) relative deprivation. C) the J ames- Lange theory. D) the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

D

7. The opponent-process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic of A) phantom limb sensations. B) Weber's law. C) accommodation. D) afterimages.

D

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of A) hypnagogic sensations. B) REM rebound. e) biological rhythms. D) dual processing.

D

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences no more than a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of the A) catharsis hypothesis. B) James-Lange theory. C) two- factor theory. D) adaptation-level phenomenon.

C

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the A) DID. B) medical model. C) DSM-IV-TR. D) biopsychosocial approach.

C

A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates A) retinal disparity. B) interposition. C) shape constancy. D) linear perspective.

B

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of A) recall. B) recognition. C) reconstruction. D) relearning.

A

A subliminal message is one that is presented A) below one's absolute threshold for awareness. B) in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. C) with very soft background music. D) repetitiously.

B

A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of A) bipolar disorder. B) a dissociative disorder. C) panic disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B

A teenager texting while crossing the street is not likely to notice a car rounding the comer and about to cross her path. This best illustrates the impact of A) choice blindness. B) selective attention. C) hypnagogic sensations. D) neuroadaptation.

C

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates A) stress inoculation training. B) aversive conditioning. C) exposure therapy. D) EMDR.

B

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be A) client-centered. B) eclectic. C) humanistic. D) meta-analytic.

B

According to health psychologists, which of the following would be the BEST advice to offer someone who wants to lose excess weight? A) "A void complex carbohydrates like potatoes and pasta." B) "Permanent weight loss requires a lifelong change in eating and exercise habits." C) "Your self-esteem will increase dramatically if you can successfully lose weight." D) "Once you lose your excess weight, you will experience a big reduction in your appetite for food."

D

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with A) an oral fixation. B) free association. C) the spotlight effect. D) the Oedipus complex.

D

Activating memories of your childhood by forming vivid mental images of various locations in your childhood home best illustrates A) automatic processing. B) the spacing effect. C) the serial position effect. D) priming.

D

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system A) increases salivation and increases blood pressure. B) decreases salivation and decreases blood pressure. e) increases salivation and decreases blood pressure. D) decreases salivation and increases blood pressure.

B

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her memory. A) procedural B) short-term C) flashbulb D) implicit

B

After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of A) social facilitation. B) the reciprocity norm. C) the bystander effect. D) the just-world phenomenon.

C

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates A) implicit memory. B) proactive interference. C) the misinformation effect. D) the serial position effect.

B

After being heavily exposed to X-rated films, men are later likely to perceive extramarital sex as troubling and likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest. A) more; less B) less; more C) more; more D) less; less

C

After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates A) the spotlight effect. B) an Electra complex. C) learned helplessness. D) defensive self-esteem.

D

After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of A) interposition. B) retinal disparity. C) the phi phenomenon. D) perceptual set.

C

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive, dependent type" and "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study best illustrated the A) dangers of dissociative identity disorder. B) unreliability of the DSM-IV-TR. e) biasing power of diagnostic labels. D) shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective.

D

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This best illustrates the A) two-factor theory. B) adaptation-level phenomenon. C) James-Lange theory. D) feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

A

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates A) perceptual adaptation. B) perceptual constancy. C) interposition. D) sensory interaction.

D

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its horne river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of A) homeostasis. B) a set point. e) a refractory period. D) an instinct.

C

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates A) retroactive interference. B) the serial position effect. C) anterograde amnesia. D) iconic memory.

C

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n) A) inferiority complex. B) external locus of control. C) weak superego. D) oral fixation.

C

Although Frieda is typically very reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of A) the bystander effect. B) social facilitation. C) deindividuation. D) the mere exposure effect.

C

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) a mood disorder. e) a phobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

A

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of A) equity. B) deindividuation. C) social facilitation. D) the mere exposure effect.

B

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates A) the misinformation effect. B) motivated forgetting. C) the self-reference effect. D) the serial position effect.

D

Although she is intelligent and a good athlete, Abigail believes that her low grades in school and losing the quarter-mile race are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence. Her conclusion best illustrates A) the false consensus effect. B) reciprocal determinism. C) the spotlight effect. D) a pessimistic attributional style.

D

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates A) deindividuation. B) the mere exposure effect. C) the just-world phenomenon. D) mirror-image perceptions.

D

Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a A) DSM-IV-TR diagnosis. B) linkage analysis. C) medical model. D) social-cognitive perspective.

D

An approach to lie detection that assesses a suspect's physiological response to details of a crime known only to police investigators is called the A) relative deprivation principle. B) catharsis hypothesis. C) adaptation-level principle. D) guilty knowledge test.

B

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by A) linkage analysis. B) a biopsychosocial approach. e) the medical model. D) the learning perspective.

A

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with A) a manic episode. B) schizophrenia. C) a dissociative disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

C

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a perspective. A) psychoanalytic B) biological C) learning D) humanistic

C

Another term for implicit memory is memory. A) iconic B) short-term C) nondeclaritive D) state-dependent

D

Antonio's car stalls in the middle of a railroad crossing just as a train is rapidly approaching. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by A) a decreased blood sugar level. B) a decreased respiration rate. C) contraction of the arteries. D) dilation of his pupils.

D

Around the world, people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called A) defense mechanisms. B) psychosexual stages. C) the hierarchy of needs. D) the Big Five.

C

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of A) psychoanalytic theory. B) the DSM-IV-TR. C) the medical model. D) linkage analysis.

B

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the A) bystander effect. B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C) fundamental attribution error. D) frustration-aggression principle.

C

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates A) the availability heuristic. B) an algorithm. C) confirmation bias. D) framing.

C

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight, Mrs. Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite. This best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. B) progressive relaxation. C) the placebo effect. D) tardive dyskinesia.

C

Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates A) identification. B) reaction formation. C) displacement. D) projection.

C

Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her health club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates A) the bystander effect. B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C) social facilitation. D) group polarization.

D

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of A) DID. B) OCD. e) PTSD. D) ADHD.

A

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of A) melatonin. B) dopamine. e) MDMA. D) THC.

D

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as A) regressIOn. B) projection. C) displacement. D) reaction formation.

B

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to A) raise the set point. B) maintain homeostasis. C) lower sex hormone levels. D) shorten the refractory period.

D

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate A) unconditional positive regard. B) reciprocal determinism. C) the spotlight effect. D) self-serving bias

C

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of in personality functioning. A) inferiority feelings B) psychosexual stages C) the collective unconscious D) unconditional positive regard

A

Catatonia is characterized by A) periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement. B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. C) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion. D) delusions of persecution.

D

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of A) erogenous zones. B) reaction formation. C) displacement. D) repression,

C

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to A) weight loss. B) increased creativity. C) suppression of the immune system. D) decreased blood pressure.

D

Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in A) encouraging patients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors. B) minimizing the possibility that patients would experience anxiety during therapy. C) discouraging patients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs. D) interpreting the meaning of patients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

B

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of A) interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors. B) enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. C) helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. D) discouraging clients from using antianxiety drugs.

D

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of A) groupthink on social conflict. B) deindividuation on the bystander effect. C) team membership on social loafing. D) role playing on attitude change.

C

Cognitive therapists are most likely to A) focus special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings about their therapists. B) employ personality tests to accurately diagnose their clients' difficulties. C) emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events. D) systematically associate clients' undesirable behaviors with unpleasant experiences.

D

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more ofthe letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of A) the spacing effect. B) icomc memory. C) the serial position effect. D) chunking.

B

Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the A) basal ganglia. B) amygdala. C) cerebellum. D) hypothalamus.

C

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a approach to therapy. A) biomedical B) psychodynamic C) biopsychosocial D) client-centered

C

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of A) interposition. B) parallel processing. C) transduction. D) sensory interaction.

A

The neural activation theory provides a physiological explanation for A) dreaming. B) sleep apnea. C) narcolepsy. D) hypnosis.

B

The relationship between the season ofthe year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of in this disorder. A) genetic influences B) viral infections C) oxygen deprivation D) learned helplessness

A

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural level is ---- A) testosterone; lowered B) testosterone; raised C) PYY; lowered D) PYY; raised

C

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the perspective. A) trait B) social-cognitive C) psychoanalytic D) humanistic

D

The semantic processing ofthe words in a short poem illustrates A) procedural memory. B) the peg-word system. C) the serial position effect. D) deep processing.

D

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with A) REM rebound. B) sleep apnea. C) narcolepsy. D) unconscious mental activity.

C

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates A) sensory interaction. B) the volley principle. C) Weber's law. D) the opponent-process theory.

C

The social-cognitive perspective highlights the interaction of personal traits with our environment, a process that Albert Bandura called A) free association. B) self-actualization. C) reciprocal determinism. D) reaction formation.

D

The stability of personality during adulthood best illustrates the value of A) unconditional positive regard. B) an intemallocus of control. C) factor analysis. D) trait theories.

C

The stress normally experienced by refugees is lessened by chain migration. This best illustrates the importance of needs. A) self-actualization B) physiological C) belongingness D) sexual

A

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the A) psychodynamic perspective. B) biopsychosocial approach. C) medical model. D) social-cognitive perspective.

D

The wavelength of light determines its A) retinal disparity. B) brightness. C) amplitude. D) hue.

B

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of A) closure. B) proximity. C) interposition. D) perceptual constancy.

A

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce A) hallucinations. B) depression. C) agoraphobia. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

B

Those who complain of insomnia typically how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and how long they actually slept. A) underestimate; overestimate B) overestimate; underestimate C) underestimate; underestimate D) overestimate; overestimate

C

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of A) the availability heuristic. B) belief perseverance. C) an algorithm. D) framing.

D

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates A) psychodynamic therapy. B) operant conditioning. C) stress inoculation training. D) systematic desensitization.

C

To help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. B) light exposure therapy. C) aversive conditioning. D) stress inoculation training.

D

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve A) concepts. B) prototypes. C) cognition. D) strategy-based solutions.

B

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when A) participants announce their own answers only after the other group members have done so. B) participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers. e) it is very difficult to make correct judgments. D) judgments are made in a group that has more than three people.

D

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities. This best illustrates the importance of A) collectivism. B) the spotlight effect. C) self-transcendence. D) situational influences.

C

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are A) afraid. B) angry. C) lying. D) disgusted

B

We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our of a bird. A) heuristic B) prototype C) algorithm D) phoneme

D

When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated A) social facilitation. B) the mere exposure effect. C) the reciprocity norm. D) altruism.

D

When Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack, he suffered an unusually intense level of fear. His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of the A) catharsis hypothesis. B) James-Lange theory. e) relative deprivation principle. D) two-factor theory.

A

When Vanessa noticed that she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction best illustrates A) the spotlight effect. B) defensive self-esteem. C) reciprocal determinism. D) the Barnum effect.

A

When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates A) group polarization. B) the bystander effect. C) social facilitation. D) deindividuation.

D

When asked what is most necessary for a happy and meaningful life, most people first mention the importance of satisfying their needs. A) achievement B) safety C) sexual D) belongingness

B

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of A) social traps. B) the mere exposure effect. C) mirror-image perceptions. D) deindividuation.

B

When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates A) the framing effect. B) belief perseverance. C) a critical period. D) the availability heuristic.

D

When people's symptoms of psychological distress are at their worst, whatever they do to try to alleviate the condition is likely to be followed by improvement rather than further deterioration. This is best explained in terms of A) systematic desensitization. B) the therapeutic alliance. C) counterconditioning. D) regression toward the mean.

B

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." This reaction is best explained in terms of A) the mere exposure effect. B) the just-world phenomenon. C) the social-responsibility norm. D) deindividuation.

C

When you have to make a long-distance call, dialing an unfamiliar area code plus a seven-digit number, you are likely to have trouble retaining the just-looked-up number. This best illustrates the limited capacity of memory. A) long-term B) implicit C) short-term D) explicit

B

When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of A) flashbulb memory. B) automatic processing. C) iconic memory. D) the spacing effect.

B

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie's experience best illustrates A) repreSSIOn. B) mood-congruent memory. C) retroactive interference. D) the misinformation effect.

C

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A) hallucinations B) delusions C) social withdrawal D) inappropriate rage

A

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia? A) Thorazine B) Xanax C) lithium D) Prozac

B

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing? A) reliving traumatic memories B) rapidly moving one's eyes C) a relaxing therapeutic environment D) patients' anticipation that the treatment will work

C

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium? A) Olivia, who experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations B) Landon, who experiences a generalized sense of apprehension and anxiety C) Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement D) Ivan, who experiences sudden brief episodes of intense dread and panic

D

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to sexual orientation? A) Virtually all cultures in all times have been predominantly heterosexual. B) The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown. C) Identical twins are somewhat more likely than fraternal twins to share a homosexual orientation. D) With the help of a therapist, most people find it easy to change their sexual orientation.

D

Which of the following is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus? A) PYY B) ghrelin e) leptin D) orexin

B

Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor? A) Xanax B) Prozac C) lithium D) Thorazine

B

Which of the following is a stress hormone that stimulates the body to make fat? A) leptin B) cortisol e) melatonin D) NPY

B

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues? A) rTMS B) aerobic exercise C) free association D) systematic desensitization

D

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory? A) pnmmg B) semantic encoding C) proactive interference D) long-term potentiation

A

Which of the following is central to the processing of procedural memories? A) hippocampus B) hypothalamus C) basal ganglia D) amygdala

A

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory? A) a mental image of one's best friend B) the date of one's own birth C) a conditioned fear of guns D) one's own name

A

Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on this quiz? A) How well does the word describe you? B) Does the word consist often letters? C) Is the word written in capital letters? D) Does the word rhyme with obsessed?

B

Which of the following therapists would most likely challenge and dispute a client's self-defeating thoughts? A) Joseph Wolpe B) Albert Ellis C) Carl Rogers D) Aaron Beck

B

Which ofthe following is indicative of a sexual disorder? A) nocturnal emissions B) premature ejaculation C) erotic plasticity D) refractory periods

D

Which ofthe following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity? A) narcolepsy B) insomnia e) night terrors D) sleep apnea

B

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking? A) narcolepsy B) night terrors C) sleep apnea D) insomnia

B

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait? A) projective testing B) factor analysis C) empirically derived testing D) free association

C

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love? A) social exchange theory B) cognitive dissonance theory C) the two-factor theory D) equity theory

B

Which theory suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal? A) the relative deprivation theory B) the James-Lange theory C) the adaptation-level theory D) the Cannon-Bard theory

B

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use ofa technique known as A) active listening. B) free association. C) systematic desensitization. D) transference.

D

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the current president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates A) implicit memory. B) the serial position effect. C) the misinformation effect. D) retrieval failure.

B

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy? A) Mary Cover Jones B) Carl Rogers C) Sigmund Freud D) Hans Eysenck

D

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process? A) Hans Eysenck B) Egaz Moniz C) Carl Rogers D) Sigmund Freud

C

Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? A) Gordon Allport B) Albert Bandura C) Carl Rogers D) Alfred Adler

B

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of A) panic disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) a histrionic personality disorder.

B

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in A) sexual orientation. B) erotic plasticity. C) refractory periods. D) the sexual response cycle.

C

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) post-traumatic stress disorder. D) dissociative identity disorder.

C

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for A) narcolepsy. B) paradoxical sleep. e) hypnotic pain relief. D) the near-death experience.

C

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates A) the spotlight effect. B) an external locus of control. C) the Barnum effect. D) the self-reference phenomenon.

B

During her evening Spanish language exam, J anica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates A) the spacing effect. B) proactive interference. C) source amnesia. D) retroactive interference.

C

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates A) spontaneous recovery. B) progressive relaxation. C) resistance. D) regression toward the mean.

B

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin? A) the plateau phase B) the resolution phase C) the excitement phase D) orgasm

C

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from A) a dissociative disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) a mood disorder. D) agoraphobia.

C

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of A) the spacing effect. B) the serial position effect. C) a mnemonic technique. D) implicit memory.

C

Evidence that emotion precedes physiological arousal would be most inconsistent with the . Evidence that emotion precedes mentally labeling our physiological arousal would be most inconsistent with the ------- A) relative deprivation principle; adaptation-level phenomenon B) the adaptation-level phenomenon; relative deprivation principle e) James-Lange theory; two-factor theory D) two-factor theory; the James-Lange theory

C

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for A) cognitive dissonance theory. B) social exchange theory. C) the scapegoat theory. D) attribution theory.

D

Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the A) limbic system. B) sensory cortex. C) cerebellum. D) left frontal lobe.

C

Feelings of hunger accompany levels of blood glucose and levels of ghrelin. A) low; low B) high; high C) low; high D) high; low

C

Feigned smiles are initiated abruptly and last for a time than genuine smiles. A) more; shorter B) less; longer C) more; longer D) less; shorter

A

Freud suggested that adults with a passive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of A) an oral fixation. B) an inferiority complex. C) reaction formation. D) an Oedipus complex.

C

Freud thought that the part of a dream that we remember is a censored version of A) unconditional positive regard. B) the spotlight effect. C) unconscious wishes. D) self-serving bias.

B

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for A) self-disclosure. B) harmony. C) minority influence. D) cognitive dissonance.

A

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can't recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the A) hippocampus. B) cerebellum. C) basal ganglia. D) amygdala.

C

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of A) empirically derived tests. B) reciprocal determinism. C) a positive self-concept. D) an external locus of control.

B

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as A) rTMS. B) psychosurgery. C) systematic desensitization. D) electroconvulsive therapy.

D

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food, they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food. This best illustrates the A) Cannon-Bard theory. B) relative deprivation principle. C) feel-good, do-good phenomenon. D) facial feedback effect.

B

If you are experiencing a fixation, you are A) searching for information that supports your preconceptions. B) unable to see a problem from fresh perspective. C) estimating the likelihood of a correct solution to your problem based on its availability in memory. D) overestimating the accuracy of your judgment.

C

If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates A) parallel processing. B) accommodation. C) sensory adaptation. D) Weber's law.

A

Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been most likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by A) cultural experience. B) retinal disparity. C) accommodation. D) relative luminance.

C

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n) A) decrease in their secretion of ghrelin. B) elevation of their set points. e) decrease in their metabolic rate. D) elevation of their blood glucose levels.

C

In a home for troubled youth, adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates an application of A) stress inoculation training. B) systematic desensitization. C) operant conditioning. D) virtual reality exposure therapy

C

In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought A) three others were pulling with them. B) three others were pulling against them. e) no others were pulling with them. D) no one was monitoring how hard they pulled.

C

In an experiment, hypnotized subjects are told to scratch their ear if they hear the word psychology mentioned later. The fact that they do so only ifthey think the experiment is still under way most clearly supports the theory that hypnosis involves A) dissociation. B) neuroadaptation. C) role playing. D) hypnagogic sensations

D

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of A) an algorithm. B) trial and error. C) framing. D) a heuristic.

D

In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent? A) biological psychology B) developmental psychology C) personality psychology D) cognitive psychology

B

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of A) social facilitation. B) normative social influence. C) mirror-image perceptions. D) the mere exposure effect.

D

In one experiment, deeply-in-love university students experienced when looking at their beloved's picture. A) narCISSIsm B) unit bias C) ostracism D) pain relief

D

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of A) the just-world phenomenon. B) social facilitation. C) the mere exposure effect. D) GRIT.

B

Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates A) accommodation. B) top-down processing. C) Weber's law. D) sensory adaptation.

D

Jaydon doesn't realize that his alcohol abuse and neglect of his family is leading to the destruction of both his family and career. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Jaydon shows signs of a A) strong ego. B) weak id. C) strong superego. D) weak ego.

D

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate A) the two-factor theory. B) the just-world phenomenon. C) deindividuation. D) ingroup bias.

D

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates A) schizophrenia. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

D

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from A) a phobia. B) a dissociative disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder.

C

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of A) bulimia nervosa. B) agoraphobia. C) anorexia nervosa. D) panic disorder.

A

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of A) antisocial personality disorder. B) dissociative identity disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) major depressive disorder.

C

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates A) relative deprivation. B) the adaptation-level phenomenon. C) the catharsis hypothesis. D) the guilty knowledge test.

B

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best illustrates memory. A) ICOnIC B) flashbulb C) implicit D) state-dependent

D

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates A) the spotlight effect. B) the Barnum effect. C) the false consensus effect. D) an external locus of control.

D

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates A) the mere exposure effect. B) group polarization. C) deindividuation. D) the fundamental attribution error.

C

Max fails to recycle his glass, metal, and plastic garbage because he thinks it's personally inconvenient and likely to have minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) a social trap. D) social facilitation.

A

Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates A) a fixation. B) the framing effect. C) an algorithm. D) a critical period.

C

Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some ofthe weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of A) anorexia nervosa. B) agoraphobia. C) bulimia nervosa. D) panic disorder.

C

Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates A) the peg-word system. B) procedural memory. C) effortful processing. D) echoic memory.

D

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing A) a panic attack. B) catatonia. C) flat affect. D) hallucinations.

C

Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffinan's behavior is most indicative of A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) mama. D) panic disorder.

C

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in A) the fundamental attribution error. B) group polarization. C) the bystander effect. D) the mere exposure effect.

C

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between A) short-term memory and long-term memory. B) proactive interference and retroactive interference. C) explicit memory and implicit memory. D) recognition and recall.

C

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from A) agoraphobia. B) bipolar disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) dissociative identity disorder.

D

Mrs. McBride can't consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would be too anxiety-arousing to do so. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates A) source amnesia. B) proactive interference. C) shallow processing. D) repression.

A

Multiple send combined messages to a bipolar cell, whereas a single ______ may link directly to a single bipolar cell. A) rods; cone B) cones; rod C) hair cells; basilar membrane D) basilar membranes; hair cell

C

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach best illustrates A) psychoanalysis. B) client-centered therapy. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) virtual reality exposure therapy.

B

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces A) leptin. B) orexin. e) melatonin. D) THC.

A

Need is to ------ as drive is to ------- A) food deprivation; hunger B) motivation; incentive C) thirst; basal metabolic rate D) instinct; incentive

D

One gene scan of 40,000 people worldwide identified a variant of a gene called FTO. This gene nearly doubles the risk of A) neophobia. B) a low set point. e) erotic plasticity. D) obesity.

C

One of the Big Five personality factors is A) reciprocal determinism. B) self-actualization. C) agreeableness. D) free association.

D

Our is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel. A) set point B) basal metabolic rate C) erotic plasticity D) self-esteem

B

Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for A) panic disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) bipolar disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

C

Participants in Milgram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of A) aggressIOn. B) altruism. C) learning. D) visual perception.

D

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with A) rTMS. B) EMDR. C) SSRIs. D) ECT.

C

People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens-often shortly after going to bed--commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated into their memories. A) sleep spindles B) narcolepsy e) hypnagogic sensations D) sleep apnea

C

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their A) happiness. B) academic competence. C) frequency of dating. D) altruism.

A

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop A) concepts. B) syntax. C) heuristics. D) algorithms.

C

Preventive mental health attempts to reduce the likelihood of psychological disorders by A) enabling more people to see professional psychotherapists. B) encouraging depressed people to take more personal responsibility for their own problems. C) establishing programs to wipe out poverty and other demoralizing situations. D) emphasizing the importance of using an eclectic approach to therapy.

C

Professor Chadwick evaluated a graduate student's research proposal negatively simply because he had heard a rumor about the student's incompetence. When later informed that the rumor had been patently false, the professor's assessment of the student's research proposal remained almost as negative as it was originally. This best illustrates A) the representativeness heuristic. B) the availability heuristic. C) belief perseverance. D) framing.

B

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of A) the facial feedback effect. B) relative deprivation. C) the James- Lange theory. D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

A

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attitudes about the student's abilities? A) cognitive dissonance theory B) scapegoat theory e) two- factor theory D) equity theory

A

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit A) overconfidence. B) the framing effect. C) process simulation. D) linguistic determinism.

D

Prototypes are especially important in the process of A) trial and error. B) constructing algorithms. C) developing language. D) classifying objects.

A

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as A) linear perspective. B) interposition. C) proximity. D) continuity.

B

Research participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrated A) the mere exposure effect. B) the chameleon effect. e) social loafing. D) the bystander effect.

B

Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory and refer to it as memory. A) sensory B) working C) flashbulb D) implicit

C

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by A) evolutionary psychologists. B) behaviorists. C) Gestalt psychologists. D) parapsychologists.

B

Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates A) self-serving bias. B) reciprocal determinism. C) unconditional positive regard. D) the spotlight effect.

C

Selective attention is best illustrated by A) hypnagogic sensations. B) neuroadaptation. e) change blindness. D) narcolepsy.

C

Several months after watching a science fiction movie about spaceship travel and alien abductions, Steve began to remember that he had been abducted by aliens and personally subjected to many of the horrors portrayed in the movie. His mistaken recall best illustrates A) implicit memory. B) the spacing effect. C) source amnesia. D) mood-congruent memory

D

Shortly after Alex learned that he had failed to make the high school football team, he vandalized the team's locker room and broke several classroom windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of A) group polarization. B) the mere exposure effect. C) social loafing. D) the frustration-aggression principle.

B

Sleep deprivation increases levels ofthe hunger-arousing hormone A) melatonin. B) ghrelin. C) leptin. D) serotonin.

C

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with sleep. A) NREM-l B) NREM-2 e) NREM-3 D) REM

C

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking. These emotional responses are said to follow a "low-road" pathway that bypasses the A) thalamus. B) amygdala. e) cerebral cortex. D) optic nerve.

C

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on A) narcolepsy. B) sleep apnea. C) the circadian rhythm. D) dissociation.

D

Students perceive themselves as less likely than the average classmate to develop drinking problems or drop out of school. This best illustrates A) the Barnum effect. B) the spotlight effect. C) the false consensus effect. D) unrealistic optimism.

B

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of A) bipolar disorder. B) panic disorder. e) dissociative disorders. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B

Systematic desensitization is a form of A) aversive conditioning. B) exposure therapy. C) stress inoculation training. D) electroconvulsive therapy

B

Tardive dykinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain drugs. A) antianxiety B) antipsychotic C) antidepressant D) mood-stabilizing

D

Teenage girls are especially vulnerable to because of their lower levels of protective antibodies. A) few refractory periods B) obesity C) erotic plasticity D) STIs

D

The MMPI was originally developed to identify A) a hierarchy of needs. B) psychosexual stages. C) unconditional positive regard. D) emotional disorders.

A

The Moon illusion refers to our tendency to perceive the Moon as unusually A) large when it is near the horizon. B) large when it is high in the sky. C) bright when it is near the horizon. D) bright when it is high in the sky.

C

The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as A) proximity. B) interposition. C) retinal disparity. D) linear perspective.

C

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ---- theory of dreams. A) the neural activation B) the information processing e) Freud's wish-fulfillment D) Hilgard's dissociation

D

The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of A) cognitive therapies. B) behavior therapies. C) humanistic therapies. D) drug therapies.

D

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of A) framing. B) confirmation bias. C) an algorithm. D) the availability heuristic.

C

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates A) interposition. B) the phi phenomenon. C) perceptual constancy. D) the McGurk effect.

D

The fraternal birth-order effect refers to a factor associated with A) task leadership. B) achievement motivation. C) eating disorders. D) sexual orientation.

C

The fundamental attribution error involves A) becoming more extreme in one's individual opinions following group discussion. B) performing a complex task more poorly when in the presence of others. e) underestimating situational constraints on another's behavior. D) losing self-restraint in group situations that foster anonymity

D

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of A) light exposure therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) humanistic therapy. D) cognitive therapy.

B

The gradual fading of the physical memory trace contributes to A) chunking. B) storage decay. C) anterograde amnesia. D) long-term potentiation.

A

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional states can become A) retrieval cues. B) short-term memories. C) sensory memones. D) flashbulb memories.

A

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the A) amygdala. B) hypothalamus. C) pituitary gland. D) hippocampus.

B

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called A) sleep spindles. B) delta waves. e) alpha waves. D) REMs.