Psychology Test

This drug became popular in the 1990s in nightclubs and all-night raves.

Ectasy

The study of environmental influences on gene expression is called _____.

Epigenetics

Which person advocated for the more humane treatment of the mentally ill?

Pinel

Which psychologist is MOST likely to agree with the idea that dreams offer valuable clues to the unconscious mind?

Psychoanalytic

Psychotherapy does NOT entail

administering electroconvulsive therapy.

The aim of Freud's therapy was to

bring a patient's repressed feelings into conscious awareness.

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths, rather than her weaknesses, and to develop a habit of thanking others when they complement her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a

split from reality.

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from

taijin-kyofusho

After an entire day without alcohol, Selena is sweaty and shaking. Selena's symptoms BEST reflect

Withdrawal

In stressful situations, people with an antisocial personality disorder show _____ when compared with people unaffected by the disorder.

less fear and less autonomic arousal

MOST teens and college students

overestimate how much their peers are using drugs.

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because

people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help.

Psychoactive drugs are substances that

produce changes in thought, feeling, and behavior.

Dr. Avery has a client who suffers from substance abuse. In therapy, she suggests that his abusive home environment, limited sense of life purpose, and deficient dopamine reward circuits might account for his abuse. Dr. Avery is MOST clearly using a _____ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.

Biopsychosocial

Family therapists view the family as a

System

The major active ingredient in marijuana is called _____.

THC

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is MOST likely to be associated with

A manic state

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder with

Agoraphobia

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes this medication, originally used to treat epilepsy. This medication is

Depakote

Alcohol, opium and barbiturates are what form of drug?

Depressants

Betty's husband passed away two years ago after a prolonged battle with cancer. To this day, Betty finds it difficult to function. She quit her job, rarely leaves the house, and cries almost every day. Recent changes to the DSM would allow Betty to be diagnosed with

Depression

_____ is like living in slow motion, whereas _____ is like living in fast forward.

Depression; mania

The risk of suicide is _____ times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have not.

Five

If you have a parent or sibling with depression or bipolar disorder, your chances of also having depression or bipolar disorder

Increase

Corey is trying to cut back on his consumption of caffeinated beverages. He will NOT experience

Increased energy

Helena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Helena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

Medical

_____ symptoms are to an absence of appropriate behaviors as _____ symptoms are to a presence of inappropriate behaviors.

Negative; positive

At some point in Don's life, he became one of those people who crossed the line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to his current debilitating condition known as _____ disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive

_____ disorder is characterized by a person having intrusive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.

Obsessive-compulusive

Delores has been in therapy for two years, but her last session is today. If you ask her next month how effective her psychotherapy was, she is likely to

Overestimate

Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra MOST likely is suffering from _____ disorder.

Panic

Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

Panic

Hallucinations and disorganized or incoherent speech are examples of _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Positive

Approximately 1 in _____ Americans reports having experienced a depressive or bipolar disorder in the past year.

10

Between 1930 and 1960, the number of DID diagnoses in North America was _____ per decade.

2

Whose therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, and is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions?

Aaron Beck

_____ created LSD in 1943.

Albert Hoffman

Which substance is NOT a stimulant?

Alcohol

Cam is seeking help for his alcohol abuse. He consults a behavior therapist, who might recommend

Aversion therapy

_____ is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning.

Biomedical

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered

Demon possession

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax

Depress central nervous system

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing

Hallucinations

As compared with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is

Less common and at least as dysfunctional

At a party, Jenn and her friends try a new drug. Within a half-hour they are feeling great, hugging each other, sweating, thirsty, and begin to feel overheated. The drug they took is MOST likely

MDMA

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from

Major depressive disorder

Which drug is an opiate?

Methadone

Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is MOST likely suffering from

Schizophrenia

If one has an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, one may be suffering from _____ disorder.

Social anxiety

_____ occurs after a person experiences a fearful event and then transfers that fear to similar events.

Stimulus generalization

Tammy enjoys a glass of wine with dinner. After the meal, she has a cigarette with a cup of coffee. How many psychoactive drugs did Tammy consume?

Three

Giacomo uses cocaine. He finds that he needs a line or two to re-create the original effects of a "bump." Which is the MOST specific term describing Giacomo's experience?

Tolerance

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates

Transference

Dr. Pimler is conducting a study on a new antipsychotic medication. In order to determine if the drug is effective, he should

Use the double-blind effect

Ashley has a master's degree. Based on this information alone, Ashley CANNOT be a

clinical psychologist

In a double-blind procedure, one group of men is given a beverage containing alcohol and a second group is given a similar-tasting beverage that contains no alcohol. In each group, half the men are told that they are drinking an alcoholic beverage and half are told that their beverage is nonalcoholic. All the men then view erotic movies. After watching the erotic material, research indicates that

the men who thought they were drinking alcohol will feel LESS guilty than those who did NOT think they were drinking alcohol, regardless of the true content of the beverage.

Todd is attracted to his therapist. His attraction reflects the feelings he had toward his mother when he was a young boy in the midst of the Oedipal conflict. Todd's experience illustrates

transference.

There is a "civil war" currently underway regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy. There are those who support the use of scientific methods to determine which therapies are the most effective for various people and disorders. Then there are those who

view psychotherapy as something that cannot be described in a manual or tested in an experiment.

As a parent, you are skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When you arrive at the psychologist's office, you ask about what is the empirically supported treatment for bed-wetting as your 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. You learn that _____ therapy is the empirically supported treatment.

Behavior modification or conditioning

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

Bipolar

Zander has been struggling with personal issues and has decided to seek help at a mental health clinic. Unfortunately, he was put on a waiting list and told he would likely have to wait several weeks before he could meet with a therapist. According to Hans Eysenck's findings, what do you predict will happen to Zander?

Chances are good that he will improve during the waiting period

Crack is a form of _____ and is therefore a _____.

Cocaine;stimulant

Twenty-year-old Shoshanna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Shoshanna seems to be suffering from _____ disorder.

Social anxiety

Ruth was walking through the woods during a thunderstorm. A tree struck by lightning from the storm toppled over, narrowly missing Ruth as she fled. The fact that Ruth now has a fear of all trees—not just the one that nearly harmed her—is an example of

Stimulus generalization

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique BEST illustrates

Systematic desensitization