Psychology Unit 2 Quiz Questiosn

28. The encoding specificity principle states that a) a retrieval cue will not be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the memory trace b) a retrieval will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the memory trace c) a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue is distinct or does not match information in the memory trace d) a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information retrieved from the cue is distinct or does not match information in memory

b) a retrieval will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the memory trace

16. According to Baumrind, the __________ parenting style is marked by high expectations and control combined with high warmth and responsiveness. a) authoritarian b) authoritative c) permissive d) indulgent

b) authoritative

11. 28 year old Ha-joon lives with his parents in South Korea. Like many other KOreans, Ha-joon believes he won't feel like a full adult until he ___________. a) has financial independence b) can support his parents c) has children d) gets married

b) can support his parents

23. When he was 19 years old, Javier was seeing a therapist for anxiety problems. During those sessions, he came to remember being abused by his older brother when he was a child, but such instances never actually took place. Javier is experiencing ______ that may have been unintentionally created in the therapy sessions. a) eidetic memories b) false memories c) scripts d) schemata e) autobiographical memories

b) false memories

33. Orlando has not been doing well in school lately, but he believes that he can do better. He thinks that his intelligence is changeable, and handles failure better than some of his classmates. According to Carol Dweck, Orlando has a(n) ______ mindset. a) adaptive b) growth c) bounce back d) fixed e) developmental

b) growth

1. Adam is upset that his twin brother Ryan has two pieces of pie while he only has one. His Mom rightly states that it's the same amount of pie it's just that Ryan's piece fell apart into two pieces as it was transferred onto the plate. Still not satisfied, Adam begins to throw a temper tantrum. In a moment of desperation, Adam's Mom cuts his piece in half saying: "There, Adam, now you have two pieces!" This worked. Adam is now happy. What Piagetian Stage is Adam in? a) sensorimotor b) preoperational c) concrete operational d) formal operational

b) preoperational

6. Terrence brings his daughter to participate in a research project. During their time in the laboratory, Terrence sits with his daughter, and then is separated from her for a time, and is finally reunited with her. Researchers observe how the child behaves during these encounters. The study being conducted is utilizing the ____ task to study attachment behaviors a) visual cliff b) strange situation c) inside-outside d) A-B-A

b) strange situation

18. In Thomas and Chess's longitudinal study of infant temperament, ______ percent of the children did not fit any temperamental category and showed unique blends of temperamental characteristics. a) 15 b) 20 c) 35 d) 50

c) 35

9. In research conducted by Hazan and Shaver (1987), approximately ______% of adults who participated chose a reading paragraph that would classify them as being secure in their attachment to others. a) 40 b) 20 c) 60 d) 80

c) 60

30. Levi meets a cute guy on the street. The guy gave Levi his phone number and Levi is trying to remember the digits until he can write them down when he finds a piece of paper and a pen. How long can we expect the phone number to remain in Levi's short-term memory before it fades? a) 15-30 seconds b) 30-60 seconds c) 10-15 minutes d) 15-30 minutes e) permanently

a) 15-30 seconds

5. Amanda is raising her first son, Stanley, on her own. The child is very comfortable and at east in his mother's presence, but when she is gone he gets tense and looks for her. Amanda provides Stanley with care, protection, and support. She is serving as a(n) _____ to the baby. a) attachment figure b) base of security c) locus of responsibility d) formal operational figure

a) attachment figure

15. One element that shapes personality is temperament, which is related to self-regulation and is a) biologically based b) environmentally based c) the most important part of personality development d) the least important part of personality development

a) biologically based

35. Marissa believes that even 30 years after graduation she will be able to name 250 of the 300 students in her graduating class. Later, she is only able to correctly identify 75. This reflects her ______ in her own skill. a) overconfidence b) lack of confidence c) introspection d) confirmation bias e) attributional bias

a) overconfidence

27. Jim has driven a car with a manual (stick shift) transmission all of his life. After switching to an automatic, he keeps trying to step on the clutch pedal that is not there. This represents the process of ____. a) proactive interference b) source misattribution c) anterograde amnesia d) retroactive interference e) retrograde amnesia

a) proactive interference

7. Antoine responds to his mother in a way that describes an anxious-resistant attachment pattern. Based on the work of Ainsworth, what might you predict about the way Antoine's mother responded to him as an infant? a) she may have been insensitive to or inconsistent in responding to his needs b) she was likely sensitive and consistent t in responding to his needs c) she overindulged in his needs, coddling him to the point of being dependent d) she made sure that both she and her partner gave Antoine equal love and affection

a) she may have been insensitive to or inconsistent in responding to his needs

20. Presently, Jennifer is a White, middle-class woman in the USA. At what age is she likely to marry? a) 20 b) 27 c) 16 d) 35

b) 27

14. What percent of people in the US currently pursue tertiary education? a) 20% b) 70% c) 40% d 90%

b) 70%

17. Gabriel likes to read and look at websites about the solar system. His father encourages him to go play sports, hoping that Gabriel will come to enjoy these activities. Which of the following best describe this scenario? a) Gabriel will ultimately convince his father to take up reading and science b) Gabriel will likely have a problematic relationship with his father later in life c) Gabriel's temperament and his father's parenting practices reflect poor goodness-of-fit d) Gabriel's father will have a large impact on his long-term interests and abilities

c) Gabriel's temperament and his father's parenting practices reflect poor goodness-of-fit

39. If a scene change is introduced simultaneously with a brief distraction (e.g., a blank screen), which type of change blindness paradigm is being used? a) a video cut paradigm b) an occlusion paradigm c) a flicker paradigm d) a blink paradigm

c) a flicker paradigm

21. Percy has been accused of a crime and is now on trial. Which form of evidence will be most persuasive to people on the jury? a) Percy's alibi b) Forensic Evidence c) eyewitness testimony d) the arguments made by the prosecuting attorney e) the arguments made by the defense attorney

c) eyewitness testimony

13. Twenty-five-year-old Filipe didn't understand how to do his taxes, so he called his mom to ask her for help. He said he needed a "real" adult to talk to. What aspect of emerging adulthood is Filipe experiencing? a) identity exploration b) multiple possibilities c) feeling in-between d) self-focus

c) feeling in-between

32. Marcia has always had a very strong ability to adjust to situations very quickly and is good at spontaneous problem solving. According to Horn and Cattell, Marcia excels in ______ intelligence. a) creative b) crystallized c) fluid d) componential e) practical

c) fluid

3. Davina attends school regularly and has made great strides in her understanding of the material in her science classes. Being able to reason more like a mature adult, Davina is in which of Piaget's developmental stages? a) concrete operational b) sensorimotor c) formal operational d)preoperational

c) formal operational

37. A sales rep tells Jackie, "A warranty on your new car is $1,000, but that is cheaper than a $3,000 replacement of your transmission." This salesman is ______the argument in a way that will convince Jackie to buy the warranty. a) monitoring b) externalizing c) framing d) peg-wording e) anchoring

c) framing

12. During what time period did emerging adulthood begin to develop as a life stage in industrialized countries? a) last 10 years b) last 30 years c) last 50 years d) last 100 years

c) last 50 years

24. Professor Yorba asks, "What did I tell you about the Crimean War last Friday?", when in fact she did not mention it at all. Several students claim to "remember" her presentation of the war. This error demonstrates the ______ effect. a) interference b) misidentification c) misinformation d) source location e) amnesia

c) misinformation

2. Nine-month-old Jonathan was left by his mother at the babysitter's place. The minute his mother left and she could not see her, Jonathan started to cry. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which concept would explain Jonathan's behavior? a) egocentrism b) conservation c) object permanence d) transformation

c) object permanence

29. Bryan is chatting with a friend and tells the friend that the capital of China is Beijing, but in the past had been called Peking. His friend remarks that this is fascinating, and asks when Bryan learned that. Bryan thinks for a moment and then says, "I really don't know." The information about Bejing/Peking was likely retrieved from Bryan's a) implicit memory b) episodic memory c) semantic memory d) procedural memory e) autobiographical memory

c) semantic memory

8. Mary Ainsworth's research on attachment relationships is important for three reasons that are noted in the text. Which of these is not one of them? a) she provided the first empirical look at how attachment is organized in unfamiliar situations b) she provided the first taxonomy, or classification, of different attachment styles c) she created new statistical techniques that could be used to determine the nature of child-parent relationships d)she noted that a child's attachment style was correlated with infant-parent interactions early in life

c) she created new statistical techniques that could be used to determine the nature of child-parent relationships

19. Six-year-old Carolyn has never liked new situations or experiences. However, when she is given ample time to prepare and then is eased into a new encounter, she responds in a quiet and positive manner. Thomas and Chess would most likely describe Carolyn as having which temperamental style? a) easy b) difficult c) slow-to-warm-up d) avoidant

c) slow-to-warm-up

34. You are trying to decide what type of vehicle to buy. A bicycle is eco-friendly, an electric car is expensive, and a van is the most suitable for your family. According to Bazerman and Moore (2013), the first step you will take to make a rational decision will be to a) make a pros and cons list b) compute and optimal decision c) weigh the rank of each criterion needed to make a decision d) define the problem e) generate alternatives

d) define the problem

40. Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is an example of a) the late-selection model of attention b) an object-based attentional failure c) the cocktail party effect d) inattentional blindness e) change blindness

d) inattentional blindness

36. When trying to decide if she is going to accept the offer of a date from a new person in class, Lena relies on intuition. She accepts the offer quickly, based on an automatic, gut feeling about the person's qualities as a potential dating partner. Lena has used System ______ decision-making. a) C b) A c) 2 d) Endpoint e) 1

e) 1

22. Several factors have been found to increase the likelihood that people will make eyewitness identification errors. Which of the following is not one of those factors? a) poor vision of viewing conditions during the crime b) highly stressful witnessing experiences c) too much delay between the witnessing and the identifying d) too little time to view the perpetrator(s) e) asking people to identify the perpetrator from the other sex

e) asking people to identify the perpetrator from the other sex

26. During the lecture, Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point, the professor gives a pop quiz on the material. Wayne can't retrieve the information the professor gave in the lecture and does poorly on the pop quiz. A likely factor in Wayne's not being able to retrieve the information is a) context dependent memory b) state dependent memory c) encoding elaboration d) encoding specificity e) encoding failure

e) encoding failure

31. Natasha gives an IQ test to 15 different children, and the test is administered the same way each time she gives it. This test would be said to be a) bimodal b) positively skewed c) valid d) reliable e) standardized

e) standardized

4. What resolution have developmental psychologists come to when it comes to the nature vs. nurture debate? a) our biological endowments have a much larger effect on our growth and behavior than our current environment b) our social and physical worlds cannot math the developmental factors preset by our heritable characteristics c) our environments and genes are still under investigation to resolves the debate of which is more influential in our development d) our biological endowment, along with our social and physical environments, interact to determine developmental outcomes

d) our biological endowment, along with our social and physical environments, interact to determine developmental outcomes

25. You rent a locker at a self-storage facility and secure it with a combination lock. The process of accessing things from storage is most analogous to ______ in your memory system. a) recall b) recognition c) reconstruction d) retrieval e) working memory

d) retrieval

10. Jennie has a secure attachment style to her parents, and . has always made friends easily. She is now 28 years old and us dating Paulo, a man she's known for 3 years. Based on the research about adult attachments, what sort of attachment style will Paulo have? a) anxious-avoidant b) insecure-resistant c) avoidant d) secure

d) secure