Psychology Unit 4 Exam Study Guide

What should be changed to make the following sentence true?

The word LARGE should be changed to the phrase BELOW-AVERAGE

Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ____.

Abused

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

Accomodation

Quincy is stuck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has _____ amnesia.

Anterograde

Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.

Anxious, Withdrawn, and Unhappy

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

Assimilation

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

Avoidant

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancé and now you can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of....

Bias

According to attachment theory, which of the following is NOT needed for healthy attachment?

Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference.

_____ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Cognitive

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

Concrete Operational

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

Egocentrism

Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.

Encoding Failure

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series od stages?

Erik Erikson

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering, and recalling this information, it is considered ____.

Explicit Memory

Which of the following statements about eyewitnesses is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

Flashbulb

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Flashbulb Memory

Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified by the following? Amantha left her phone somewhere, but she can't remember where?

Forgetting

In _____ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotions as adults develop principles that depend on contexts

Formal Operational

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Integrity vs. Despair

Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?

Jane Doe remembers her first day of school more clearly than any other day because her best friend was not there.

Which of the following examples illustrates that the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm?

Jerome is required to memorize 15 words associated with dog.

In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and _____ memory.

Long-term

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro Reflex

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

Retroactive

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Secure

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

Self-reference Effect

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

Semantic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

Sensory

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during sensorimotor stage?

Stranger Anxiety

What should be changed to make the following sentence true?

The word ZYGOTE should be changed to PLACENTA

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Identity vs. Confusion

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

Implicit

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

Zygote

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding?

thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

Theories who view development as ______ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

Discontinuous

Benigno wakes up in the middle of the night. He dreamed that he left the oven on, and he is now convinced that the oven is on. He can't go back to sleep until he turns the oven off. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

Distortion

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

Object Permanence

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eight grade german class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. The is an example of...

Persistence

____ development involved growth and changes in the body and brain, th4 senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

Physical

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

Pre-conventional

In the ______ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

Preoperational

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

It is to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy...

Resistant

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Researchers demonstrated that the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, which resulted in ________.

rats that feared the researchers and avoided the cage that was closest to the researcher

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

sematic