Psychology Unit 7

Karl Lashley trained rats to solve a maze and then removed pieces of their cortexes. He observed that storage of their maze memories

was not restricted to specific regions of the cortex

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of __________ memory?

Short-term

How does the brain's capacity for parallel processing relate to encoding new memories?

Parallel processing allows many sensory experiences to be encoding all at once, some automatically, some with effort

A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as

Repression

After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.

Short-term

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

Visual stimulation; auditory stimulation

long-term potentiation

An increase in a synapse's firing potential

During the course of a day, people may unconsciously encode the sequence of the day's events. This best illustrates

Automatic processing

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

Context effects

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of

Encoding

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

Encoding failure; retrieval failure

Based on Herman Ebbinghaus' "forgetting curve" how will your memories for psychological concepts change?

I will forget most psychological concepts soon after learning them, but the information I recall after that immediate drop will be retained for years

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, a _______ test of memory is being used. When an eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a police lineup, a ________ test memory is being used.

Recall / recognition

What is the number you were supposed to forget for the memory project?

523

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory. Conscious memory of factual information is called ______ memory.

Implicit; explicit

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

implicit; explicit

By creating an outline in which specific facts and theories are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics, Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her textbooks. This best illustrates the benefits of

Hierarchical organization

The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people, she could only recall the names of only the first and last names of those people she met. Her effect recall of these particular names best illustrates the benefits of:

The Serial Position effect

Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called

deja vu

Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ______ is to _____.

Meaning; imagery

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

Portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been.

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

Priming

Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.

Retention; acquisition

The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt: "A parachutist." This best illustrates the influence of

Semantic encoding

Your friend told you that eating chocolate was shown to improve memory recall. You may later recall this "fact" but forget where you heard it. You assume that you heard it on the news, a credible source, so you begin eating chocolate. Your behavior best illustrates

Source amnesia

The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of

Working memory