Psychology
People who are gifted have an IQ of
130 or higher
Identify the age group during which children typically understand adult literary work
15-20
According to experts how many hours of sleep should adults get each night
7-9
Intellectual disability is a cognition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of. And has difficulty adapting to every day life
70 or below
Which of the following is an advantage of conducting psychological research in a laboratory
A laboratory is controlled setting with many of complex factors of the real world removed
Salvation in response to food is an example of
A reflex
The smallest intensity of a stimulus that you can detect 50% of the time is known as
Absolute threshold
You are studying in your room and your neighbor is listening to the news on television at a loud volume in the adjacent room when you gently request your neighbor turn the volume down until you cannot hear you are asking your neighbor to make the volume less than your
Absolute threshold
According to the science of psychology a behavior is
Actions that can be directly observed
One criticism of place theory is that
Adequately explained high frequency sounds but not low frequency sounds
An. Is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem
Algorithm
In the context of memory retrieval failure. Refers to the idea that people forget not because memories are loss from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember
An interference theory
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia interfere with the activity of dopamine such a drug is an example of
Antagonist
Isabella Johnson a doctor in Dallas prescribed an antidepressant drug Prozac to her patient Ted Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin this means that Prozac is
Antagonist
Which of the following occurs when people perceive a stationary object is moving
Apparent movement
The function of the. Is to take messages to and from the body's internal organs monitoring such processes as breathing heart rate and digestion
Autonomic nervous system
In the context of psychological research methods which of the following scenarios is an example of survey method A- dr. Gomez studies patients while they undergo psychological counseling B- dr. Frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week C- dr. Adele observes children as they learn to read D- dr. trooper collects children's school grades in test scores
B
Which of the following statements about critical thinking is false A-critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively asking questions in evaluating evidence B-critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs opinions and motions C-critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research D-Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts
B
Is a theory that learning that focuses solely on observable actions in responses
Behaviorism
Jake a researcher measures the levels of testosterone in adult males who tend to be highly aggressive he believes hormone levels are the single most prominent cause of male aggression in this scenario Jake is most likely using the. Approach in his study
Biological
Psychologist who adopt an. Approach examine behavior and mental processes by focusing on the body especially the brain and nervous system
Biological
Michelle a researcher conducts a study to investigate how peoples hands sweat during stressful interviews in the scenario Michelle is most likely following the. To psychology
Biological approach
. Are periodic psychological fluctuations in the body such as a rise and fall of hormones and accelerated/deccelerated cycles of the brain activity that can influence behavior
Biological rhythms
Dr. Ivanov recognizes that genetics childhood factors in Socio economic status are all significantly influencing her clients behavior Dr. Ivanov's perspective is best described as
Biopsychosocial
The term plasticity refers to
Brain special capacity for change
What is the most widely used drug in the United States
Caffeine
The Spino cord and brain make up the
Central nervous system
The uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a prolonged period of. Stress for many people throughout the world
Chronic
Which of the following helps to explain drug habituation
Classical conditioning
According to. Psychologist use your brain houses in mind who is mental processes allow you to remember make decisions plan set goals and be creative
Cognitive
. Proposes that one can understand dreaming by applying the same intellectual concepts used in studying the waking mind
Cognitive theory of dreaming
When the axons of healthy neurons adjacent to damage cells grow new branches. Has occurred
Collateral sprouting
Basketball football baseball and soccer all fit into the. Of sports
Concept
Is a person who is giving a role to play in a study so that the social context can be manipulated
Confederate
Refers to the theory that memory stored throughout the brain and associations among neurons several of which may work together to process a single memory
Connectionism
Psychologist have a plied classical conditioning to helping individuals unlearn certain feelings and behaviors which of the following procedures is most likely used for helping individuals unlearn feelings and behaviors
Counter conditioning
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence. Intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design invent originate in imagine
Creative
When the scores on a measure relate to important outcomes we say the test has high
Criterion validity
According to Gardners multiple intelligence is which of the following occupations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence
Dancers
A key aspect of the process of testing hypothesis in the scientific method is
Data analysis
In the context of memory processes which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of encoding information
Deborah is watching a movie in the theater
Recalling the names of the members of famous football team is an example of
Declarative memory
Which of the following refers to the conscious recollection of information such as specific facts and events and at least in humans information that can be verbally communicated
Declarative memory
. Involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance
Deductive reasoning
Tranquilizers sedatives and opiates all belong to the category of. Drugs
Depressant
Which of the following is defined as the ability to perceive objects three dimensionally
Depth perception
Bubba a very smart German shepherd has learned that if he barks at the neighbors while they are grilling they will throw him a candy however his owner Paul does not want Bubba to eat candies as it is not good for his health he does not allow Bubba to eat candies from the neighbors when Paul is in the yard Bubba never barks at the neighbors in operant conditioning Termanology Bubba is the demonstrating that he can
Discriminate
In classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others
Discrimination
is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence.
Dyslexia
Refers to the formation of several different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding
Elaborati
Sensory receptors for the kinesthetic senses are
Embedded in muscle fibers in joints
The humanistic approach to psychology in the behavioral approach to psychology differ in the behavioral approach states that humans are driven by
Environmental conditions where is the humanistic approach states that humans are driven by free will
Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland and most likely part of one's
Episodic memory
Developing a criterion for judging the effectiveness of a solution occurs during which step of the problem-solving process
Evaluation of solutions
Which of the following research methods allows Researchers to determine causality
Experimental studies
While conducting research doctor Aoki Used double blind experiment to reduce the potential for
Experimenter bias and participant bias
Which of the following is subdivided into episodic and somatic memory
Explicit memory
Refers to the degree to which an experimental design really reflect the real world issues it is supposed to address
External validity
In classical conditioning is the weakening of the condition response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
Extinction
In the context of sensory receptors the intensity of the stimulus is communicated to the brain by varying the. Of action potentials sent to the brain
Frequency
In the context of the nature of sound wave length determines the sounds
Frequency
Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between structuralism and functionalism in early psychology
Functionalism focused on the purposes of the mind structuralism focused on the Elemental parts of the mental processes
In the context of psychological constraints Caro Dweck studied first year premed major is taking their first chemistry class in college identify a result of the study
Growth mindset students got higher grades and did fix mindset students
An analogy is sometimes drawn between human cognition in the way that computers work the physical brain is analogous to a computers. And cognition is analogus to a computers. .
Hardware/software
Vince suffered serious brain injury to his cerebellum in a motorcycle accident what effect will this have on Vinces life
He probably won't remember how to ride his motorcycle.
Stephen was in a serious automobile accident that caused a severe injury to his hippocampus what type of problem is Stephen likely to experience as a result of his brain injury
He will probably be unable to retain any new conscious memories
. Is the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of groups members
Heritability
In the context of the major regions of the brain which of the following is the lowest portion of the brain
Hindbrain
Is peoples tendency to report falsely after the fact that they accurately predicted an outcome it is sometimes referred to as that I knew it all along effect
Hindsight bias
Warmed monitors respond to the warming of skin called the monitors respond to the cooling of skin when warm and cold receptors that are close to each other in the skin are stimulated simultaneously we experience the sensation of
Hotness
Am I a S psychologist conduct a survey to determine why most people tend to help a crying child after the service she explains that most people help a crying child because they chose to live by higher values such as altruism in this scenario Amaya's explanation is reflective of the. Approach to psychology
Humanistic
In a television reality show Trevor the hose put one of his contestants in a trance and asked her to pretend to be a famous singer the contestant start singing with confidence even though she has never said publicly before the contestant is in the state of
Hypnosis
The. Is a small forebrain structure that monitors pleasurable activities
Hypothalamus
Classical conditioning can produce. Which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a persons ability to fight disease
Immunosuppression
Emma enters her college auditorium that is almost packed to capacity and she tries to find an empty seat she feels to notice your friend waving to her in the crowd this scenario most likely illustrates the
Inattentional blindness
An experimental research the. Is manipulated experimental factor and the. Is the outcome
Independent variable; dependent variable
Which of the following environmental factors would be least likely to positively influence childhood IQ
Independently looking at books
Why didn't cognitive Psychologist Jonathan school I suggested the term recovered memories be pleased with the term discovered memories
Individuals with discovered memories experience in his real whether or not the memories are accurate
Encoding failure occurs when
Information was never entered into long-term memory
. Is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a problem solution
Insight learning
Mateo specializes in the study of religious faith practice and experience he is especially interested in the study of God and God's relation to the world according to Howard Gardners multiple intelligences Mateo is most likely to score high on
Intrapersonal intelligence
Which of the following statements is true about autobiographical memory
It is A special form of episodic memory
Identify a true statement about inattentional blindness
It is highly likely to occur when a task is difficult
Which of the following is true of short term memory
It is improved by chunking in rehearsal techniques
identify a true statement about Mechanoreception
It plays a significant role in the detection of vibration and movement
Which of the following is true of a variable ratio schedule in operant conditioning
It produces high steady rates of behavior that are the most resistant to extinction than the other schedules
Which of the following statements is true of memory storage
It refers to the retention of information over time and how this information is represented in memory.
Which of the following is true of a variable interval schedule an operant conditioning
It reinforces behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed
A criticism of activation synthesis theory is that
Life experiences stimulate and shape dreaming more than their theory acknowledges
A person suffering from retrograde amnesia will
Lose past memories in the ability to acquire new memories will remain unaffected
Cognitive psychology is the study of
Mental processes
To describe the processes by which we think about thinking psychologist use the term
Metacognition
Which of the following statements is true of the central nervous system
More than 99% of all nerve cells are located in the CNS
Which of the following is true of auditory processing in the brain
Most of the auditory information from the left ear goes to the right side of the brain but some also goes to the left side of the brain
Falling asleep all of a sudden was talking to a friend is most likely an example of
Narcolepsy
Nolan and his husband were standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when he suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep room sleep no one may suffer from
Narcolepsy
Mark a high school student dislikes the fact that his mother yells at him in the morning to wake up his mother usually wakes up at 5:30 AM and he tries to wake up around 5:15 AM to avoid listening to his mothers yelling in the context of operant conditioning which of the following is exemplified in this scenario
Negative reinforcement
. Are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the neurons terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across the synaptic gap to the next neuron
Neurotransmitters
The cell body contains the. Which directs the manufacture of substances that a neuron needs for growth and maintenance
Nucleus
Longitudinal research involves
Observing and measuring the same variables periodically overtime
The. Theory states that the cells individual system can respond to complementary pairs of red green and blue yellow colors and given so might be excited by red and in habited by green where is another sale might be excited by yellow and inhibited by blue
Opponent process
Is caused by a genetic disorder
Organic intellectual disability
In the context of the atomic nervous system the. Calms the body
Parasympathetic nervous system
A Batman is unlikely to score a century in every cricket match this is an example of
Partial reinforcement
Is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense
Perception
Drug addiction occurs when an
Physical or psychological dependence develops
Which of the following techniques involves an analyst unlocking a persons unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories dreams thoughts and feelings
Psychoanalysis
Mateo a waiter at a restaurant usually takes food orders from customers on his way back to the condition him consciously repeats orders in his mind so that he does not forget them in the context of short term memory Mateo applied to technique of. Do you remember the orders
Rehearsal
According to Bandura's model of observational learning which of the final component describes whether or not an imitated or modeled act will be repeated
Reinforcement
Which of the following principles should psychologist abide by to ensure that the result of their experiments are replicable
Researchers should be Thorough in reporting the methods of the research
Normally when a neuron is not transmitting information and a slight negative charge is present on the inside of the cell membrane the neuron is said to be
Resting
Which of the following statements is true of the rods in the eyes retina
Rods are found everywhere except in the Fovea
Mateo manages a fast food restaurant he is frustrated because employees often called in sick at the last minute before the start of their shit given that Mateo recognize this problem which of the following is the next immediate stuff that he should take to solve this problem
Sam should defined the problem and develop strategies to solve it
The subset of a population chosen by an investigator for study is a
Sample
Matthew behavioral psychologist studies the hunting ability of dogs who controls the meaning of dog so that they exhibit a particular characteristic of hunting in this scenario which of the following genetic methods is Matthew most likely using for his study
Selective breeding
Greta is teaching her students the meaning of words in sentences in the language used in the country of Calibra in this scenario Greta is most likely referring to the. Of the calibran language
Semantics
In operant conditioning. Refers to rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior
Shaping
Samantha had a stroke doctors told her she sustained substantial damage to the occipital lobes what type of deficiencies Is Samantha likely to experience as a result of this brain damage
She may be blind or unable to see clearly
A 20 year old college student wants to start jogging every morning however she realizes that this would mean getting up early instead of sleeping in which she enjoys immensely in the contacts of loss aversion which of the following is she most likely to do
She would prefer to sleep and avoid jogging
A person is most likely to store a seven digit phone number in his or her. Memory
Short term
Is a natural state of rest for the body in mind that involves the reversible loss of consciousness
Sleep
Which of the following statements is true of the role of sleep in the brain plasticity
Sleep enhances synaptic connections between neurons
Which of the following statements is true of the nature of sound
Sound waves vary not only in frequency but also an amplitude
When comparing algorithms and heuristics what is the advantage of using heuristics for solving real life problems
Speed and efficiency
Jamall loves swimming and swim for two hours every day however he had an accident and was advised to avoid any strenuous physical activity for two years when he first went near his swimming pool after two years that he visualized himself swimming and experiencing with different strokes he eventually jumped into the pool and swim for a half hour in the context of classical conditioning the scenario best exemplifies
Spontaneous recovery
The coffee machine and Linda's office stops working on Wednesday when she comes to the office on the following Monday she tries to use the coffee machine again hoping that it has been fixed this scenario best exemplifies
Spontaneous recovery
According to. There are three forms of intelligence whereas according to. There are nine types of intelligence
Steinbergs triarchic theory; Gardners theory of multiple intelligences
Little Albert was conditioned by John Watson to fear a white rat eventually however Albert became fearful of any stimulus that looked waiting through he became scared not only of rats but also of rabbits dogs and even sealskin coats this study illustrates
Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning
You have to host a dinner party for 30 people on Saturday at your apartment is a mess and your clothes need to be washed you decide to do your laundry on Thursday by the groceries on Friday clean up the apartment on Saturday in the morning and prepare the dinner on Saturday evening solving the problem of hosting a dinner party in this way is an example of
Subgoaling
. Is a psychological disorder in which a persons use of psychoactive drugs that's his or her health and abilities to work and engage in social relationships
Substance use disorder
I've been a musician rehearses playing a guitar for an upcoming live concert to be home in six months he practices for three hours daily and Pays close attention to the sheet of music for the guitar well rehearsing in this scenario islands rehearsal illustrates
Sustained attention
The. Is the part of the atomic nervous system that arouses the body to mobilize it for action and this is involved in the experiences of stress
Sympathetic nervous system
The artist Wesley Kandinsky solid colors when he heard music and then painted what he saw onto a canvas this best describes which of the following
Synaethesia
An effect of the environment on intelligence is evident in rapidly increasing intelligence quotient ( IQ) Test scores around the world this phenomenon is called
The Flynn effect
Which of the following is true of visualspatial Sketchpad
The capacity of the visuospatial sketchpad is limited
Which of the following statements about the research study of defective color vision is true
The nature of color blindness depends on the which of the three kinds of cones green red and blue is inoperative
The axon is
The part of a neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells
Which of the following is true of the different components of Alan braddeleys Model of working memory
The phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad function independently
Leno follows a reality show on television when the final episode is aired he was able to remember the remaining contestants on the show rather than the first ones who are voted out in the context of serial position effect which of the following best illustrates Leno's tendency to remember the remaining contestants of the show
The recency effect
Maya burned her fingers while cooking dinner which of the following divisions of the nervous system will be primarily responsible for the pain she feels
The somatic nervous system
Developmental psychologist have use the procedure called the false belief task to examine children's
Theory of mind
What is the reasoning behind the approach to autism spectrum disorder that suggest that people on an autism spectrum have a deficit in theory of mind
Theory of mind is essential to social capacities like empathy and sympathy
Identify a true statement about atomic processes
They are considered to be conscious behaviors
In the context of the structure of the year identify a true statement about hair cells
They are the sensory receptors of the ear
Which of the following statements is true about the semicircular canals of the inner ear
They contain the sensory receptors that detect head motion caused when people tell remove their heads and or bodies
Identify a true statement about controlled processes
They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts to her to goal
Which of the following is true of pain receptors
They react mainly to physical stimuli that destroyed them or to chemical stimuli that irritate them into action
According to the serial position effect if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for table of seven you should pay particular attention to the. Orders because these are the ones you were most likely to forget
Third fourth and fifth
According to fraud which of the following statements is true of the Latent content of a dream
To get to the Latin meaning of a dream a person should analyze the dreams images
They need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect that the lower dose used to bring is called
Tolerance
Emma has recently started to suffer from migraine headaches and seizures she also suffers from anxiety and depression in the context of Neuro chemical messengers one of the following conditions is most likely to be the cause of her
Too much glutamate
Dendrites are
Tree like fibers where they receive information in Orient it toward the Neurons cell body
Before the bell was presented Pavlov's dog celebrated each time food was presented in this situation salivation was the
Unconditioned response
In Pablo's experiment the dog automatically salivate into food because food is in
Unconditioned stimulus
According to Sigmund Freud Is a reservoir of unacceptable wishes feelings and thoughts that are beyond awareness
Unconscious thought
Refers to the soundness of the conclusion that a researcher draws from an experiment
Validity
Linda usually listens to music on her phone while studying when the volume is initially low raising it by 5 decibles is highly noticeable however when the volume is initially high increasing it by 5 decibles does not result in a noticeable change in sound this phenomenon is best explained by
Webers law
Although you had never been to the fancy foods restaurant in your town you were at all surprised when you were seated and handed the menu and inform you that your server will be there soon to take your order shortly after a person in a tuxedo came to your table he knew exactly what was going to happen because
You have a script for what happens in a restaurant
What type of drug is crystal meth
amphetamine
She sustained a brain injury in a car accident Although her memories of her life before the accident are intact she is no longer able to form new long-term memories every night when she goes to bed her memories of what she had done that day I lost she suffers from
anterograde Amnesia
Which of the following is very powerful in the sense that a behavior is maintained even in the absence of any aversive stimulus
avoidance learning
Which of the following components are essential to the definition of consciousness
awareness and arousal
Which of the following best represents the fluctuations a body temperature in a 24 hour day
circadian rhythms
Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology
critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
When fighting an infection in the body cells produce. Which are powerfully sleep inducing
cytokines
Which of the following structures of memory is autobiographical
episodic memory
Provide support nutritional benefits and other functions in the nervous system
glial cells
According to place theory
low-frequency vibrations maximally displace areas of the membrane closer to the tip of the cochlea.
Which of the following types of energy reception is most activated when a person is listening to a song
mechanoreception
Which part of the nervous system regulates breathing and heart rate
medulla
The placebo effect is an example of
participant bias
. Is the species specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others
preparedness
Tolman emphasized the
purposiveness of behavior
In classical conditioning organisms learn The association between two
stimuli
Which of the following refers to tiny spaces between neurons
synapses
