Psychology Week 1

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

1. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment. (correct) 2. Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. 3.Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy. 4. Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late.

The author suggests how we might resist the powerful allure of pseudoscientific claims. All of the following are suggested ways to resist these non-scientific claims EXCEPT for:

1. Do not confuse correlation with causation 2. Consider the possibility that some areas of pseudoscience may yet prove to be true (correct) 3. Remain open to the idea of "Hume's maxim" 4. Remember and be open to the idea that some extreme findings may be the result of random chance

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

1. critical thinking 2. use of the scientific method 3. critical evaluation of sources of information 4. all of the above (Correct)

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

1. data collection 2. experiment 3. hypothesis (correct) 4. observation

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

1. knowing your opinion is correct (Correct) 2. maintaining an attitude of skepticism 3. making use of logical thinking 4. recognizing internal biases

According to the author of the article, one of the contributing factors making an area of study "pseudo" is that:

1. the researchers fail to use the scientific method 2. the researchers fail to safeguard against confirmation bias 3. the researchers fail to use independent replication 4. all of the above are contributing factors (correct)

In what year did Alfred Binet create the first test to measure intelligence? (They have been around for a while!)

1905

The well-known antidepressant drugs Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft became available in what year?

1987

In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

2/3

According to the prevalence rates reported in the article, what % of Americans believe in ESP?

41 *extrasensory perception (ESP)

________is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

In the study of personality, the ______________________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

This area of psychology includes a focus on issues such as free will.

Humanistic

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

I/O

Which university was the first to award a doctoral degree in psychology?

John Hopkins University

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.

Max Wertheimer

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.

PsyD

The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ______________________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

Critical thinking is ______________________

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

bachelor's degree

Advances in medicine have the most significant impact on which area of psychology?

biological

Psychologists with a behavioral perspective tend to focus on (blank) while cognitive psychologists may focus on (blank).

conditioning; language

______________________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Behaviorists study ______________________

learned behavior

One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.

master's

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What characteristic of development do adults have that the children don't?

object permanence

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ______________________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ______________________ .

perceivable and measurable

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.

personality

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.

philosophy

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.

proposed explanation

Which area of psychology focuses on treatment based on theories and ideas of the "unconscious" mind?

psychoanalytic

Psyche is a Greek word meaning ________.

soul

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ______________________

study the function of behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ______________________ .

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard