Psychotherapy Final Exam Question Database Ch 8-16

According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams: a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives. b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts. c. they are sound sleepers. d. they lack creativity. e. they should be referred to a therapist with a different theoretical orientation.

a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.

The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory? a. Ellis b. Beck c. Meichenbaum d. Lazarus e. Bandura

b. Beck

Which of the following principles of feminist psychology is most aimed at advancing a transformation in society? a. The person is political. b. Commitment to social change. c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored. d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress. e. All types of oppression are recognized.

b. Commitment to social change.

Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy? a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model. b. Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the theory. c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment. d. It is considered confusing to the client. e. It essentially gives therapists permission to use techniques and strategies in a haphazard and sloppy manner.

b. Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the theory.

Using a narrative approach to Stan's therapy, one would have the general goal of: a. exploring the causes of his current problems with women. b. assisting Stan in the process of reauthoring his life story. c. uncovering Stan's basic mistakes in his thinking. d. focusing on eliminating the presenting problem and finding solutions. e. attempting to restructure the family dynamics

b. assisting Stan in the process of reauthoring his life story.

Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses authenticity first and technique second? a. Gestalt therapy b. existential therapy c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. family systems therapy e. behavior therapy

b. existential therapy

All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except: a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions. b. exploring early recollections. c. focusing on current behavior. d. planning and commitment. e. skillful questioning.

b. exploring early recollections.

The therapy approach most likely to focus directly on helping Stan to stop using alcohol and drugs would be: a. person-centered therapy. b. Gestalt therapy. c. behavior therapy. d. existential therapy. e. psychoanalytic therapy.

c. behavior therapy.

In the solution-oriented approach, which is not considered one of the three basic parts to the structure of summary feedback? a. compliments b. a bridge c. expressing concern d. suggesting a task

c. expressing concern

In group settings, behavior therapists provide all of the following except: a. modeling. b. teaching of new skills. c. little direct feedback. d. directive support of clients.

c. little direct feedback.

The techniques of joining, accommodating, unbalancing, tracking, and boundary making are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy? a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. structural family therapy d. strategic family therapy e. experiential/symbolic family therapy

c. structural family therapy

Behavior therapists tend to: a. be active and directive. b. function as consultants. c. function as problem solvers. d. all of these

d. all of these

Narrative therapy can be applied to: a. eating disorders. b. depression. c relationship concerns. d. all of these.

d. all of these.

Which of the following is least associated with Satir's human validation process model? a. family rules b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns c. family roles and triads d. storied lives and narratives e. defensive stances in coping with stress

d. storied lives and narratives

One of the techniques used by behavior therapists in dealing with a client's anxiety is: a. the miracle question. b. encouragement. c. externalizing the problem. d. systematic desensitization. e. shame-attacking exercises.

d. systematic desensitization.

Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be least likely to explore? a. messages received while growing up b. critically evaluating social dictates and expectations c. power and control d. transference reactions toward their therapist e. external forces influencing behavior

d. transference reactions toward their therapist

A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their own conflicts. This is an example of: a. enmeshment. b. normal love. c. displacement. d. triangulation. e. diffusion.

d. triangulation.

From the perspective of feminist therapy, the socialization of women inevitably affects their: a. identity development. b. self-concept. c. goals and aspirations. d. emotional well-being. e. all of these

e. all of these

In deciding which interventions will be most helpful for the client, the counselor practicing in an integrative manner must: a. consider the client's cultural context. b. consider the approach that relates most consistently to the client's world view. c. be willing to accept feedback from clients. d. consider the client's personality and motivation for change. e. all of these

e. all of these

The feminist perspectives on the development of personality: a. encompass the diversity and complexity of women's lives. b. attend to the ways in which diversity influences self-structures. c. recognize the inextricable connection between internal and external worlds. d. acknowledge the political and social oppression of women. e. all of these

e. all of these

The therapeutic process in solution-focused brief therapy involves: a. the premise that to some degree clients already know the solutions to their problems. b. asking clients about those times when their problems were not present or when the problems were less severe. c. believing that clients are the experts on their own lives. d. trusting that solutions evolve out of therapeutic conversations and dialogues. e. all of these

e. all of these

What technique(s) from behavior therapy might help Stan with his fear of women? a. systematic desensitization b. assertion training c. modeling d. social skills training e. all of these

e. all of these

Which is(are) a key role (or roles) of most family therapists? a. teacher b. model c. coach d. consultant e. all of these

e. all of these

Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy? a. behavior-oriented methods b. the use of questioning c. exploring a client's quality world d. designing an action plan e. all of these

e. all of these

Which of the following therapeutic approaches would place some emphasis on helping Stan with the future? a. narrative therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. reality therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. all of these

e. all of these

Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for: a. what a client is currently doing. b. what clients are thinking and feeling, when this relates to what they are doing. c. a client's relationships with significant others. d. assisting clients in developing an action plan geared for change. e. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.

e. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.

Alfred Adler was the first to notice that the development of children within family constellations was heavily influenced by: a. the power structure within the family. b. cultural context in which a family resides. c. balance of leadership between parents. d. jealousy and rivalry among the children. e. birth order.

e. birth order.

Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program? a. conceptual-application-rehearsal b. application-conceptual-rehearsal c. application-rehearsal-conceptual d. rehearsal-conceptual-application e. conceptual-rehearsal-application

e. conceptual-rehearsal-application

24.Which of the following approaches encourages therapists to accurately grasp the client's "being in the world"? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. behavior therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy e. existential therapy

e. existential therapy

27.A key technique of Adlerian therapy is: a. free association b. dialogue with polarities. c. family sculpting. d. changing one's language. e. the assessment of one's family constellation.

e. the assessment of one's family constellation.

Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by: a. modifying the family's transactional rules. b. developing more appropriate boundaries. c. creating an effective hierarchical structure. d. reducing symptoms of dysfunction. e. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.

e. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.

Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy? a. Bandura b. Linehan c. Wolpe d. Jacobson e. Skinner

a. Bandura

Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist? a. Fritz Perls b. Laura Perls c. Miriam Polster d. Erv Polster

a. Fritz Perls

Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy? a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients. b. It is important to confront clients with the ways they are avoiding being fully alive. c. Confrontation does not have to be aimed at negative traits. d. Confrontation should be a genuine expression of caring.

a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.

_____________involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred. a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Punishment d. Systematic desensitization e. Flooding

a. Negative reinforcement

Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until: a. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear. b. Phil agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby. c. Phil has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper. d. Phil acknowledges his fear.

a. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.

Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy? a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals. b. The relationship is considered collaborative. c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner. d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.

a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.

The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are: a. antecedent, behavior, consequences. b. activating events, behaviors, cognitions. c. antecedent, belief, cognitions. d. activating event, belief, consequence.

a. antecedent, behavior, consequences.

Behavior therapy is based on: a. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic process. b. a systematic set of concepts. c. a well-developed theory of personality. d. the principle of self-actualization.

a. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic process.

Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might: a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it. b. have Greta undergo hypnosis. c. ask Greta to free associate to the words "slouched posture." d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.

a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.

Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy? a. assessment b. the here and now c. the authentic encounter d. process-oriented diagnosis e. the paradoxical theory of change

a. assessment

The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is: a. attaining awareness, and with it greater choice. b. to understand why we feel as we do. c. to uncover repressed material. d. to help clients develop better social skills.

a. attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.

Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of: a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling. d. motivational interviewing. e. cognitive therapy.

a. classical conditioning.

What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program? a. exploration of one's family constellation b. selection of specific goals c. self-monitoring d. self-reinforcement procedures e. working out a plan for change

a. exploration of one's family constellation

Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called: a. functional assessment. b. motivational interviewing. c. mindfulness-based stress reduction. d. reorientation. e. biofeedback.

a. functional assessment.

All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for: a. hypnosis. b. relaxation training. c. the development of an anxiety hierarchy. d. psychoeducation.

a. hypnosis.

EMDR is typically used to help clients: a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events. b. explore repressed unconscious material from early childhood. c. facilitate the client's expression of personal needs while in relationship with others. d. reduce anxiety related to specific phobias.

a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.

Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence? a. reunification b. discovery c. assimilation d. accommodation

a. reunification

Lazarus argues in favor of: a. technical eclecticism. b. positive punishment. c. zen-based techniques. d. strict adherence to treatment manuals to ensure standardization. e. theoretical integration

a. technical eclecticism.

The key principle in applied behavior analysis is: a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior. b. to use positive and negative punishment to change behavior. c. in vivo desensitization. d. all of these.

a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.

Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls? a. He developed Gestalt therapy. b. During his childhood, he was a model student. c. He was trained in psychoanalysis. d. He gave workshops and seminars at the Esalen Institute. e. He aroused various reactions in the people he met.

b. During his childhood, he was a model student.

Which of the statements below regarding emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is not true? a. EFT methodology is similar to Gestalt therapy but emphasizes empirically supported treatments. b. EFT was developed by Fritz Perls' wife, Laura. c. EFT blends the relational aspects of the person-centered approach with the active phenomenological awareness experiments of Gestalt therapy. d. EFT entails the practice of therapy being informed by understanding the role of emotion in psychotherapeutic change. e. All are true.

b. EFT was developed by Fritz Perls' wife, Laura.

Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract? a. It emphasizes the positive. b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist. c. It is clear and specific. d. It is based on realistic change goals. e. It includes a balance of appropriate rewards and sanctions.

b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.

Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy? a. The client must be an active participant. b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques. c. Therapy cannot be imposed on unwilling clients. d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.

b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.

In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered: a. a specific technique of therapy. b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs. c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal. d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.

b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.

In the ABC model, the A stands for: a. arbitrary behaviors b. antecedents c. actions d. assessment

b. antecedents

Sergio is co-leading a social skills group for children with Aspergers. He and his co-leader must collect data on group members' progress: a. before the group starts and at the end of the group, but not during the group. b. before, during, and after all interventions. c. only at the last group session. d. only if the group members' parents request it.

b. before, during, and after all interventions.

Erv Polster believes that storytelling: a. is always a form of resistance. b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings. c. is acceptable only if one's client is a writer. d. is an indication that one's client is a pathological liar. e. is a sign of high verbal abilities, and thus, high intelligence.

b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings.

Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles? a. designing experiments for group members b. evoking group catharsis. c. engaging in self-disclosure d. facilitating contact in the group setting

b. evoking group catharsis.

Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but: a. yoga. b. flooding. c. body scan meditation. d. a present-focused orientation.

b. flooding.

In vivo flooding consists of: a. brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events. b. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli. c. imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation. d. guided use of mindfulness techniques.

b. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from: a. multimodal therapy and mindfulness. b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy. c. motivational interviewing and mindfulness. d. Yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.

b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.

In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance" is: a. resignation. b. nonjudgmental awareness. c. tolerance. d. approval.

b. nonjudgmental awareness.

B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. multimodal therapy d. dialectical behavior therapy e. relaxation training

b. operant conditioning

Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of: a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. reciprocal inhibition. d. acceptance.

b. operant conditioning.

The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is: a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling. d. flooding.

b. operant conditioning.

The Gestalt therapist: a. freely makes interpretations for the client. b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language. c. is mainly nondirective. d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways. e. assigns homework to bring about specific cognitive and behavior changes.

b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.

In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy: a. does not address this issue. b. provides a basis for responsible practice. c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches. d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity. e. is the only ethical form of therapy today.

b. provides a basis for responsible practice.

Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy? a. dialectical behavior therapy b. relaxation training c. acceptance and commitment therapy d. mindfulness based cognitive therapy

b. relaxation training

If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ? a. systematic desensitization b. self-management c. assertion training d. punishment

b. self-management

Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on: a. cognitive behavior therapy. b. social learning theory. c. applied behavior analysis. d. operant conditioning. e. dialectical behavior therapy

b. social learning theory.

A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is: a. the emphasis on contact. b. the approach to confrontation. c. the use of techniques. d. the focus on the figure formation process.

b. the approach to confrontation.

A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is: a. making the rounds. b. the reversal exercise. c. the rehearsal exercise. d. the empty chair technique

b. the reversal exercise.

Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes? a. an expanded view of psychological health b. a broad view of acceptable outcomes in therapy acceptance c. a more precise focus on psychopathology d. creating a life worth living

c. a more precise focus on psychopathology

Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following: a. empirically supported treatments. b. functional analysis of behavior. c. a philosophical view of human behavior. d. a comprehensive assessment process. e. operant conditioning.

c. a philosophical view of human behavior.

Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but: a. conducting behavioral assessment. b. collaboratively forming precise treatment goals. c. a time-limited intervention. d. providing members with feedback regarding their therapeutic progress.

c. a time-limited intervention.

Haley has difficulty turning down dates and consistently allows men to take advantage of her. A behavioral intervention that may help Haley establish appropriate boundaries with others and speak up for herself is: a. stress inoculation training. b. anger management. c. assertion training. d. EMDR. e. In vivo flooding.

c. assertion training.

Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is: a. weak. b. well-developed. c. becoming stronger. d. unavailable.

c. becoming stronger.

Field theory suggests that: a. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. b. human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate. c. everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux. d. phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change. e. the "how" of behavior is more important than the "why" of behavior.

c. everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.

Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members? a. the rehearsal exercise b. the reversal technique c. making the rounds d. the exaggeration technique

c. making the rounds

The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through: a. extinction of a maladaptive response to a feared stimulus. b. habituation. c. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response. d. progressive muscle relaxation. e. negative reinforcement.

c. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.

A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in: a. introjection. b. projection. c. retroflection. d. confluence.

c. retroflection.

Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in: a. arrogance and grandiosity. b. intelligence. c. self-efficacy. d. cognitive functioning.

c. self-efficacy.

Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son- in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist: a. may need to contact a psychiatric hospital (and possibly an animal shelter) since it is likely Mariah unconsciously desires to marry a dog. b. should interpret the dream for her client. c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream. d. should encourage her client to forget the dream since it was meaningless.

c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.

Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences? a. assertive training b. operant conditioning c. systematic desensitization d. social reinforcement e. stress inoculation

c. systematic desensitization

Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning? a. a focus on experimental analysis b. a focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change d. the integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure e. a tendency to draw from the experiential approaches as a way to build a relationships

c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change

.When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate? a. making the rounds b. the reversal technique c. the internal dialogue exercise d. the rehearsal exercise e. the exaggeration exercise

c. the internal dialogue exercise

The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses: a. support, understanding, warmth, and empathy. b. awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing. c. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing. d. subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being. e. transference, dream analysis, uncovering unconscious, and early experience.

c. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing

According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except: a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur. b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact. c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis. d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving. e. we often tend to resist contact with others.

c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.

Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques? a. "Exercises" are ready-made techniques. b. "Experiments" grow out of the interaction between therapist and client. c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques. d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it. e. Techniques are used for the purpose of increasing the client's awareness.

d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.

All of the following are true about social skills training except: a. It is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth. b. It involves modeling and reinforcement techniques. c. It uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations. d. It requires clients to engage in catharsis.

d. It requires clients to engage in catharsis.

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy? a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete. b. It is grounded in learning theory. c. Many specific techniques are supported by research. d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling. e. Emphasis is given to observing overt behaviors.

d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to: a. keep themselves from facing unfinished business. b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions. c. keep from having to change. d. all of these

d. all of these

Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of: a. retroflection. b. projection. c. introjection. d. all of these

d. all of these

In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as: a. a joint venture. b. an existential encounter. c. an I/Thou interaction. d. all of these

d. all of these

A contribution of this therapeutic approach is that: a. it enables intense experiencing to occur quickly. b. it can be a relatively brief therapy. c. it stresses doing and experiencing, as opposed to talking about problems. d. all of these. e. none of these

d. all of these.

Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as: a. a way that clients avoid confrontation. b. a sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work. c. a therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome. d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.

d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.

Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the acronym "BASIC ID"? a. behavior b. cognition c. interpersonal relationships d. aspirations e. sensation

d. aspirations

Behavior therapy assumes that: a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces. b. behavior is the result of free choices. c. behavior is determined by psychic energy. d. behavior is learned.

d. behavior is learned.

Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting? a. introjection. b. projection. c. retroflection. d. confluence.

d. confluence.

The main goal of behavior therapy is: a. fostering self-actualization. b. expanding self-understanding and insight. c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior. d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.

d. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.

Gestalt therapy is a form of: a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy. b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy. c. behavior therapy. d. existential therapy

d. existential therapy

REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of: a. inadequate mothering during infancy. b. failure to fulfill our existential needs. c. excessive feelings. d. irrational thinking and behaving.

d. irrational thinking and behaving.

A healthy contact experience involves all of the following except: a. interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self. b. creativity. c. maintaining balance between the figure and the ground. d. projection.

d. projection

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests: a. we change by setting future-oriented goals. b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be. c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening. d. we change through becoming aware of who we currently are. e. change is facilitated when we accept our mortality.

d. we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.

What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague? a. MBSR consists of the notion that much of our distress and suffering results from continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are. b. MBSR aims to assist people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future. c. MBSR does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label certain cognitions as "dysfunctional," because this is not consistent with the nonjudgmental attitude one strives to cultivate in mindfulness practice. d. The approach adopted in the MBSR program is to develop the capacity for sustained directed attention through formal meditation practice. e. All of these.

e. All of these.

Which statement is not true? a. Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled. b. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons. c. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends. d. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social and cultural environments. e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.

e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.

During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists: a. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments. b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change. c. adopted a stronger biological perspective. d. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness. e. all of these

e. all of these

In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which area(s)? a. emotional dimensions b. cognitive dimensions c. behavioral dimensions d. interpersonal dimensions e. all of these

e. all of these

Self-management strategies include: a. self-monitoring. b. self-award. c. self-contracting. d. stimulus control. e. all of these

e. all of these

Behavior therapy is characterized by: a. a focus on overt specific behavior. b. a formulation of precise treatment goals. c. the design of an appropriate treatment plan. d. the objective assessment of the results of therapy. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

Behavior therapy is suited for: a. individual therapy. b. group therapy. c. institutions and clinics. d. classroom learning situations. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

The empty chair technique: a. assists clients in reowning parts of their personality. b. balances internal polarities. c. allows clients to externalize an introject. d. helps to resolve unfinished business. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

What is the function of the behavior therapist? a. to provide modeling for the client b. to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment c. to assess specific behavior problems d. to provide reinforcement for clients e. all of these.

e. all of these.

When practicing mindfulness: a. clients learn to focus on one thing at a time and to bring their attention back to the present moment when distractions arise. b. clients develop an attitude of curiosity and compassion to present experience. c. clients learn how to be aware of themselves without being judgmental. d. clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their present experience while at the same time achieving a distance from it. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may: a. evoke catharsis without having the ability to work it through with their client. b. design faulty experiments. c. may use ready-made techniques inappropriately. d. may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy? a. existential-humanistic b. client-centered c. psychoanalytic d. Gestalt e. cognitive-behavior/action oriented

e. cognitive-behavior/action oriented

A limitation of behavior therapy is: a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition. b. the overemphasis upon insight. c. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques. d. the need for long-term treatment to effect change. e. none of these

e. none of these

In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text? a. mindfulness b. interpersonal effectiveness c. emotional regulation d. distress tolerance e. relapse prevention

e. relapse prevention

Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training? a. feedback b. modeling c. social reinforcement d. homework assignments e. relaxation

e. relaxation

Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on? a. "it" talk b. "you" talk c. questions d. language that denies power e. semantics

e. semantics

What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems? a. "People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked." b. "Most people are emotionally disturbed, but many of them are able to create a believable facade that they are high functioning. Don't be fooled!" c. "Most forms of psychopathology should be treated with medication." d. "People who have problems should try reality therapy only after uncovering the unconscious determinants of their behavior."

a. "People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."

Which of the following therapists would focus on systemic issues with Stan? a. A family therapist b. A Gestalt therapist c. A psychoanalyst d. A person-centered therapist e. A solution-focused therapist

a. A family therapist

Who was the first person of the modern era to do family therapy? a. Adler b. Minuchin c. Bowen d. Satir e. Haley

a. Adler

Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of: a. Adlerian family therapy. b. structural family therapy. c. experiential family therapy. d. strategic family therapy. e. the multilayered approach.

a. Adlerian family therapy.

Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style? a. Albert Ellis b. Aaron Beck c. Judith Beck d. Carl Rogers e. Natalie Rogers

a. Albert Ellis

Which approach asserts that emotional fusion to one's family must be addressed if one hopes to achieve a mature and unique personality? a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. social constructionism d. strategic family therapy e. solution-oriented therapy

a. Bowenian family therapy

Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational perspective? a. Bowenian family therapy b. human validation process model c. social constructionism d. strategic family therapy e. experiential/symbolic family therapy

a. Bowenian family therapy

Which approach to family therapy contends that one's current family problems will not significantly change until relationship patterns in one's family of originare understood and directly challenged? a. Bowenian family therapy b. human validation process model c. structural family therapy d. strategic family therapy

a. Bowenian family therapy

____________________ views the counselor and therapist as an observer who is outside of the system, can assess what is going on, and can promote change—all without ever becoming part of the system. a. First-order cybernetics b. Second-order cybernetics c. Third-order cybernetics d. Fourth-order cybernetics

a. First-order cybernetics

The technique of reliving and reexperiencing unfinished business is associated with: a. Gestalt therapy. b. person-centered therapy. c. existential therapy. d. reality therapy. e. solution-focused therapy

a. Gestalt therapy.

Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT? a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business. b. It involves emotional components. c. It involves behavioral components. d. It helps pinpoint irrational beliefs. e. It allows the client to work through underlying irrational beliefs.

a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum's constructivist approach to cognitive behavior therapy? a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy. b. It gives more emphasis to the past. c. It tends to target deeper core beliefs. d. It explores the behavioral impact and emotional toll a client pays for clinging to certain metaphors.

a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.

The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are): a. Michael White and David Epston. b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer. c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. d. Donald Meichenbaum. e. Albert Bandura.

a. Michael White and David Epston.

Which of the following feminist principles implies that what has been typically viewed as individual clients' personal problems are really socially and politically caused? a. The person is political. b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian. c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored. d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress. e. All types of oppression are recognized.

a. The person is political.

In working with Japanese clients, a reality therapist might do which of the following when asking clients to make plans and commit to them? a. The therapist might be likely to accept "I'll try" as a firm commitment. b. The therapist would push clients for an explicit pledge to follow through. c. The therapist would view a noncommittal response as a sign of weakness. d. The therapist would refer their clients if they refused to commit to a plan.

a. The therapist might be likely to accept "I'll try" as a firm commitment.

All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for: a. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy. b. Emphasis is on choice and responsibility. c. There is a rejection of the notion of transference. d. Therapy is kept in the present. e. Clients are helped to get connected or reconnected with the people they have chosen to put in their quality world.

a. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling? a. There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible. b. The terms "cognitive behavior therapy" and "multicultural counseling" are used interchangeably because they refer to the same approach. c. Integration is not possible between the cognitive behavioral approach and multicultural counseling. d. Neither of the approaches taps into the inner resources and strengths of clients.

a. There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible.

What is the current thinking in the field regarding the role of spirituality in counseling? a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice promotes psychological well-being. b. Counselors are encouraged to be cautious and engage in peripheral discussions about spirituality only. c. There is little interest in integrating spiritual issues in counseling. d. Counselors should take a directive approach in helping clients meet their spiritual needs. e. Spirituality and counseling should be kept separate.

a. There is growing evidence that spiritual practice promotes psychological well-being.

Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions except: a. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment. b. We do not have to be the victim of our past. c. We have more control over our lives than we believe. d. We strive to change the world outside ourselves to match our internal pictures of what we want. e. We often seek therapy when we do not have the relationships we want.

a. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.

39.A potential limitation of the family systems model is: a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system. b. the systemic perspective can be overwhelming for the therapist. c. family therapy is not well-suited to working with diverse clients. d. an emphasis on family systems precludes a focus on emotions.

a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system.

From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as: a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family. b. evidence of psychopathology. c. a sign of weakness. d. a result of cognitive distortions. e. blocked energy.

a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.

Which of the following is not considered one of the six core principles of feminist therapy? a. an intrapsychic orientation b. the person is political c. commitment to social change d. recognition of all types of oppression e. an egalitarian therapeutic relationship

a. an intrapsychic orientation

Stan makes conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence. He often engages in catastrophizing, which involves thinking about the worst possible scenario and outcome for a given situation. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

a. arbitrary inferences

After having a bad therapeutic experience with a mental health professional who pathologized her anxiety over financial issues, Lillian decided to consult with a feminist therapist. How is her new therapist likely to view her anxiety symptoms? a. as a sign of distress rather than psychopathology b. as an indication of deficits in her personality c. as irrational beliefs d. as a sign of unconscious conflicts that must be worked through

a. as a sign of distress rather than psychopathology

To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural/strategic therapist working with Miguel and his parents will most likely: a. have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session. b.explain with a genogram the origins of Miguel's temper tantrums. c. help Miguel's parents to develop differentiated selves. d. do a lifestyle assessment.

a. have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session.

One of the goals of rational emotive behavior therapy is to: a. assist clients in acquiring a more tolerant and rational view of life. b. make the unconscious conscious. c. provide opportunities for reliving early traumas. d. assist clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing. e. help clients become aware of their family constellation.

a. assist clients in acquiring a more tolerant and rational view of life.

Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will: a. be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures." b. avoid exploring possible high-risk stressful situations that she could encounter. c. learn that a lapse in willpower will have catastrophic results. d. undergo hypnosis.

a. be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures."

Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation? a. behavior therapy b. existential therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. reality therapy e. Gestalt therapy

a. behavior therapy

Which of the following therapies is most recommended for the treatment of phobic disorders? a. behavior therapy b. narrative therapy c. existential therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy e. solution-focused brief therapy

a. behavior therapy

According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance? a. blame b. resentment c. rage d. unfinished business e. depression

a. blame

Jean-Pierre told the family therapist that his wife loses control of her temper with their children because of his demanding work schedule and his inability to be there to support her. Which communication stance has he adopted? a. blaming b. placating c. super reasonable d. irrelevant

a. blaming

All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for: a. cognitive restructuring. b. encouraging clients to take social action. c. being an advocate in challenging conventional attitudes about roles for women. d. power analysis and intervention. e. gender-role analysis and intervention.

a. cognitive restructuring.

From a social constructionist perspective, change begins with: a. deconstructing the power of cultural narratives. b. understanding the roots of a problem. c. the therapist's skill in using confrontational techniques. d. understanding and accepting objective reality. e. disputing irrational beliefs.

a. deconstructing the power of cultural narratives.

The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as: a. emotional reactivity. b. the integration of one's various parts. c. movement toward self-actualization. d. attunement with others

a. emotional reactivity.

One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that: a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention. b. clients can remain relatively emotionally disengaged. c. leaders take a non-directive stance. d. leaders believe that insight is necessary for behavior change.

a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.

37.Adlerian family therapy strives to ______ as its goal. a. establish a hierarchy of power b. establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family c. replace automatic (unconscious) negative interactions with a conscious understanding of family process d. reduce triangulation

a. establish a hierarchy of power

Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist? a. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity" b. setting limits in the therapeutic setting c. getting clients to be specific about how they will make desired changes d. confronting clients by not accepting their excuses e. helping clients reformulate their plans, if necessary

a. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity"

3. Which of the following would not be part of an Adlerian approach to working with Stan? a. giving homework assignments b. gathering data about his dreams c. examining his private logic d. exploring his family constellation e. confronting the ways he is seeking to escape his freedom through drugs and alcohol

a. giving homework assignments

Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play the role of "bad cop" as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working with Roger and his family might: a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries. b. refer Roger to individual therapy since he clearly needs to work through his unresolved issues that are causing him to feel so angry. c. take Roger's side and educate his wife about appropriate disciplinary practices. d. focus on getting the children to stop misbehaving so that Roger and his wife won't experience this tension.

a. help to modify the family's transactional rules and develop more appropriate boundaries.

The constructs of feminist theory, in contrast to traditional theories, include all of the following except for which characteristic? a. intrapsychic orientation b. gender-fair stance c. flexible-multicultural d. life-span orientation e. interactionist perspective

a. intrapsychic orientation

The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and truth: a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives. b. is also a key concept of the postmodern approaches. c. is more relevant in the narrative approach than it is in solution-oriented therapy. d. has proven to be completely irrelevant to all counselors and therapists practicing today.

a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.

The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity is: a. labeling and mislabeling. b. overgeneralization. c. arbitrary inferences d. selective abstraction. e. personalization.

a. labeling and mislabeling.

Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create an alternative life story? a. narrative therapy b. psychoanalytic therapy c. person-centered therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. behavior therapy

a. narrative therapy

A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is: a. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances. b. this therapy provides specific tools to help clients make the changes they desire. c. the concept of the quality world is abstract and lacks cross-cultural appeal. d. reality therapists must be careful when adapting their approach to non-western cultures.

a. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.

Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over the use of techniques? a. person-centered therapy b. psychoanalytic therapy c. cognitive-behavior therapy d. behavior therapy

a. person-centered therapy

Adlerian therapy emphasizes the individual's: a. positive capacities to live in society cooperatively b. quality world. c. irrational, crooked thinking. d. polarities.

a. positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.

During the past 20 years ____________ have found classic feminist theories wanting and have offered new theoretical perspectives focused on issues of diversity, the complexity of sexism, and the centrality of social context in understanding gender issues. a. postmodern feminists b. radical feminists c. socialist feminists d. liberal feminists e. cultural feminists

a. postmodern feminists

Which therapeutic approach would place the least emphasis on having Stan explore his feelings about his ex-wife? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. person-centered therapy

a. psychoanalytic therapy

The postmodern view incorporates all of the following concepts except for the notion that: a. reality is objectively defined. b. reality is based on the use of language. c. reality is socially constructed. d. each individual experiences their own unique reality.

a. reality is objectively defined.

22.In which of the following approaches does the therapist show concern for the client by a process of involvement throughout the course of therapy? a. reality therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. family systems therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. solution-focused therapy

a. reality therapy

The common factors approach to psychotherapy integration: a. searches for shared elements across different theoretical systems. b. supports the notion of remaining theoretically consistent and technically eclectic. c. synthesizes important aspects of two or more theories. d. emphasizes the importance of spirituality in counseling.

a. searches for shared elements across different theoretical systems.

All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for: a. shame-attacking exercises. b. disputing irrational beliefs. c. changing one's language. d. completing homework assignments.

a. shame-attacking exercises.

The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital role: a. that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women. b. of a spiritual or religious perspective in providing women with strength. c. in understanding how early childhood is a crucial factor in a woman's personality development. d. that siblings play in the shaping of personality.

a. that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.

The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that a. the client is connected to living systems. b. family dysfunction is typically caused by the most dominant family member. c. lack of differentiation is the primary cause of all family dysfunction. d. the empty chair technique is the most effective technique. e. none of these

a. the client is connected to living systems.

Which is not a key concept of feminist therapy? a. the personal is political b. the counseling relationship is egalitarian c. commitment to confronting oppression d. women's problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective e. the personal and social and interrelated

a. the personal is political

A limitation of person-centered therapy is: a. the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive. b. the emphasis on complex ideas and concepts. c. the lack of research to support the theory. d. neglect of the value of the therapeutic relationship. e. the overemphasis on unconscious factors.

a. the possible danger of the therapist remaining passive and inactive.

A limit of the feminist approach from a diversity perspective is: a. the tendency to impose upon a client personal values that may not be consistent with the client's cultural framework. b. the lack of sensitivity to individual differences in clients. c. the broad focus on respect and equality. d. the emphasis on the use of standardized therapeutic techniques.

a. the tendency to impose upon a client personal values that may not be consistent with the client's cultural framework.

Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy, feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that: a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change. b. therapy is based on unconditional positive regard and acceptance. c. the therapeutic relationship should be a non-hierarchical one. d. therapy aims to empower clients to live according to their own values and to rely on an internal locus of control. e. therapists should be genuine rather than hiding behind an expert role.

a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change.

According to a person-centered therapist, the most important aspect of therapy with Stan will be: a. the therapeutic relationship. b. the exploration of his past. c. putting insights into action. d. teaching him to think in new, positive ways. e. conducting a power analysis.

a. the therapeutic relationship.

A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is: a. they have strong empirical support. b. they pay careful attention to the client's early development. c. they are well-suited to clients who have difficulty with abstraction. d. They consider insight and action equally important forces in therapeutic change.

a. they have strong empirical support.

The function of the reality therapist is: a. to assist clients in dealing with the present. b. to encourage clients to make a value judgment concerning the quality of their behavior. c. to confront clients about specific irrational thoughts and ideas and to teach them to think rationally. d. to reindoctrinate clients with the acceptable standards for living.

a. to assist clients in dealing with the present.

In suggesting that Stan write his father a letter as a homework assignment, Jerry's intent was: a. to provide an avenue for Stan to continue thinking about the impact his father has had on him and to further promote his work during the week. b. for Stan to mail the letter and prepare to confront his father in person. c. to help Stan understand how much he still needs his father. d. to give Stan the opportunity to show his father what a great writer he is, which would hopefully boost Stan's confidence.

a. to provide an avenue for Stan to continue thinking about the impact his father has had on

All of the following are techniques used in solution-focused therapy except for: a. using the reflecting team b. scaling questions c. the miracle question d. formula first session task e. exception questions

a. using the reflecting team

Which of the following is not a component of total behavior? a. wanting b. acting c. feeling d. thinking e. physiology

a. wanting

According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because: a. we think of simple preferences as dire needs. b. we live by the values our parents gave us. c. we refuse to deal with unfinished business. d. we have learned maladaptive behaviors. e. we do not possess any self-actualizing tendencies.

a. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.

A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the following questions? a. Who has the best shoe sale this week, Macy's or Nordstrom's? b. If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different? c. Who in your family is most affected when you go on a spending spree? d. At what point in your life did you develop this fixation on shopping?

b. If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how would you know it was solved, and what would be different?

The founder(s) of solution-focused brief therapy is (are): a. Michael White and David Epston. b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer. c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. d. Donald Meichenbaum. e. Albert Bandura.

b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.

Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist? a. Therapists make value judgments in helping their clients gain insight. b. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance. c. Personal warmth is considered to be very important. d. The therapist assumes a nondirective stance. e. Transference is encouraged to develop

b. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.

Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy? a. Miriam Polster b. Laura Brown c. Natalie Rogers d. Laura Perls e. Michele Weiner-Davis

b. Laura Brown

The concept of triangulation is most associated with: a. Virginia Satir. b. Murray Bowen. c. Salvador Minuchin. d. Carl Whitaker. e. Rudolf Dreikurs.

b. Murray Bowen.

The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as: a. magnification and exaggeration. b. polarized thinking. c. arbitrary inference. d. overgeneralization.

b. polarized thinking.

What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions? a. They should rarely be used. b. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions. c. There is no such thing as excessive questioning; the more the better! d. Closed questions are more helpful than open-ended questions.

b. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.

The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy? a. Bowen's multigenerational family therapy b. Satir's human validation process model c. Whitaker's experiential/symbolic family therapy d. Minuchin's structural family therapy e. Haley's strategic family therapy

b. Satir's human validation process model

Stan's reality therapist would focus on all of the following except: a. Stan's positive experiences with his camp supervisor. b. Stan's negative experiences during his childhood. c. Stan's wants and perceptions. d. Stan's future goals. e. Stan's evaluation pertaining to his drinking.

b. Stan's negative experiences during his childhood.

Which of the feminist principles views the therapist as simply another source of information, rather than as the expert in the therapy process? a. The person is political. b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian. c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored. d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress. e. All types of oppression are recognized.

b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.

Which of the following is not true when viewing Stan's problems from the standpoint of self-psychology and the object-relations theory? a. On some levels, he is stuck in the symbiotic phase. b. The focus would be on Stan's developmental sequences. c. He is unable to get confirmation of his worth from himself. d. He had accomplished the task of individuation. e. He is repeating patterns he formed with his mother during infancy.

b. The focus would be on Stan's developmental sequences.

15. Which of the following statements about creating alternative stories is not true? a. Constructing new stories goes hand in hand with deconstructing problem- saturated narratives. b. The narrative therapist analyzes and interprets the meaning of a client's story. c. The therapist works with clients collaboratively by helping them construct more coherent and comprehensive stories that they live by. d. The development of alternative stories is an enactment of ultimate hope. e. The narrative therapist listens for openings to new stories.

b. The narrative therapist analyzes and interprets the meaning of a client's story.

Stephanie, who believes strongly in feminist principles, is working in an agency that requires therapists to diagnose their clients using the DSM. Stephanie is likely to consider which of the following questions? a. Does my client suffer from Axis I or Axis II psychopathology? b. Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned? c. If my client is diagnosed with a personality disorder, will the insurance company cover long-term treatment? d. When is the next DSM being published? I can hardly wait. What a great read!

b. Who benefits from using this label? How might this label contribute to disempowering the person to whom it is assigned?

To a large degree, cognitive therapy is: a. an experiential model. b. a psychoeducational model. c. a psychodynamic model. d. based on principles borrowed from Gestalt therapy.

b. a psychoeducational model.

Of the following, which is not an assumption shared by the cognitive behavioral and feminist therapy approaches? a. viewing the therapeutic relationship as collaborative b. assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change c. helping clients to take charge of their own lives d. commitment to demystifying therapy e. providing information to clients about how the therapy process works

b. assuming that the therapeutic relationship alone is necessary and sufficient to bring about change

Stan has completed his experience in counseling. Which of the following approaches would be most concerned with evaluating the outcomes of therapy? a. existential therapy b. behavior therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. rational emotive behavior therapy e. the postmodern therapies

b. behavior therapy

Which approach offers encouragement so individuals can develop socially useful goals and increase social interest? a. Adlerian therapy b. behavior therapy c. reality therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. solution-focused therap

b. behavior therapy

Which of the following approaches most emphasizes principles of learning? a. Gestalt therapy b. behavior therapy c. narrative therapy d. family systems therapy e. solution-focused brief therapy

b. behavior therapy

Sandra is a reality therapist who is meeting her client Paul, who struggles with career indecision, for the first time. How might she begin her work with Paul? a. by diagnosing his problem using the DSM b. by asking Paul what he wants from therapy c. by asking about his earliest recollections d. by asking him to take a career inventory

b. by asking Paul what he wants from therapy

In reality therapy, the counseling environment is: a. the time to explore past trauma. b. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures . c. highly structured with the aim of changing cognitions. d. conducive to restructuring one's personality.

b. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures .

Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking? a. biofeedback b. cognitive homework c. dream analysis d. skill training e. assertiveness training

b. cognitive homework

According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are: a. motivated by social interest. b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences. c. inclined toward becoming fully functioning. d. free to choose who they will become.

b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences.

A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of: a. birth order as a determinant of personality. b. differentiation of the self. c. family rules and communication patterns. d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.

b. differentiation of the self.

A limitation of reality therapy is that it: a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped. b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams. c. does not appeal to resistant clients. d. has limited applicability. e. goes along with the medical model of therapy

b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.

An Adlerian therapist would interpret Stan's depression as: a. a sickness that needs to be cured. b. discouragement that can be helped by encouragement. c. a feeling that leads to his faulty thinking. d. related to unfinished business. e. internalized anger and guilt

b. discouragement that can be helped by encouragement.

In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs? a. autogenic method b. disputational method c. self-management method d. phenomenological method e. multimodal method

b. disputational method

A major difference between an eclectic and an integrated approach to counseling is: a. eclectic approaches are dogmatic and an integrated approach is flexible. b. eclectic approaches are susceptible to syncretism, while integrated approaches combine techniques based on theoretical reasons. c. eclectic approaches do not have the client's best interest at heart. d. integrated approaches require little forethought.

b. eclectic approaches are susceptible to syncretism, while integrated approaches combine techniques based on theoretical reasons.

Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except: a. help Jim appreciate how he has constructed reality and examine the implications and conclusions he draws from his stories. b. encourage him to tell the rest of his story. c. steer Jim away from telling his story since storytelling is regarded as a form of resistance. d. help Jim to see himself as a survivor of dysfunction who has thrived despite the barriers he has faced.

b. encourage him to tell the rest of his story.

An Adlerian therapist would: a. maintain an aloof stance. b. establish a cooperative relationship based on equality. c. take the role of expert. d. take the role of a friendly parent.

b. establish a cooperative relationship based on equality.

Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program? a. exposing clients to anxiety-provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery b. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests c. teaching clients to become aware of the anxiety-provoking cognitions they experience in stressful situations d. having the clients examine their thoughts through reevaluating their self-statements e. noting the level of anxiety following reevaluation

b. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests

Narrative therapists pay attention to "sparkling events." These are: a. moments when the client feels exhilarated. b. events that contradict problem-saturated narratives. c. times when significant others give the client unconditional love. d. events characterized by a striving to overcome barriers. e. stories the client shares that are too good to be true, and in fact, prove to be gross exaggerations of the truth.

b. events that contradict problem-saturated narratives.

Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening to them? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. existential therapy c. behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. solution-focused therapy

b. existential therapy

Empowerment and egalitarianism are the basis of the ________ therapeutic relationship. a. existential b. feminist c. Gestalt d. psychoanalytic

b. feminist

All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they: a. have little interest in a client exploring past problems. b. focus on the client's early childhood experiences. c. believe that the cause of a problem is not necessarily related to its solution. d. expect that two clients may have different solutions to the same problem

b. focus on the client's early childhood experiences.

The preferred alternative to traditional diagnosis and assessment of feminist therapists is: a. power analysis. b. gender role analysis. c. lifestyle analysis. d. analysis of transference and resistance.

b. gender role analysis.

Which of the following roles and functions would be least interesting to a structural family therapist? a. joining the family in a position of leadership b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies c. mapping the underlying structure of a family d. intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family e. being a stage director

b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies

Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that: a. gender is at the core of therapeutic practice. b. human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations. c. understanding a client's problems requires adopting a sociocultural perspective. d. the client-therapist relationship should be an egalitarian one. e. empowerment of the individual and societal changes are core goals of therapy.

b. human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations.

A limitation of the postmodern approaches is: a. therapists require extensive training in providing brief therapy. b. inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic. c. the use of open-ended questioning. d. its lack of applicability to group counseling.

b. inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic.

In which therapy approach is the client viewed as the expert on his or her own life, while the therapist is seen as an expert questioner who assists clients in freeing themselves of their problem-saturated stories and create new life- affirming stories? a. existential therapy b. narrative therapy c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. person-centered therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

b. narrative therapy

Stan acquired his beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applied them inappropriately and broadly in many contexts of his life. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

b. overgeneralization

The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as: a. labeling and mislabeling. b. overgeneralization. c. arbitrary inferences. d. selective abstraction. e. personalization.

b. overgeneralization.

Solution-focused brief therapy has parallels with ______________ , which concentrates on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems. a. brief psychodynamic therapy b. positive psychology c. Adlerian therapy d. REBT

b. positive psychology

Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths? a. behavior therapy b. postmodern approaches c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. reality therapy

b. postmodern approaches

A reality therapist will primarily focus on: a. past behavior. b. present behavior. c. feelings. d. thoughts. e. the client's personal history.

b. present behavior.

Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by: a. minimizing the role of assessment. b. promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives. c. developing an individual therapy application of the family systems approach. d. introducing the concept of triangulation. e. promoting the therapist's role as being directive.

b. promoting the therapist's view of clients as the experts on their own lives.

Which of the following approaches to therapy is based on the A-B-C theory of personality? a. reality therapy b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. solution-focused brief therapy e. Adlerian therapy

b. rational emotive behavior therapy

Which type of therapist would view Stan's multiple concerns as the result of the choices he has made in his life? a. Gestalt therapist b. reality therapist c. feminist therapist d. psychoanalytic therapist e. person-centered therapist

b. reality therapist

Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasizes the role of choice? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. reality therapy c. narrative therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. family systems therapy

b. reality therapy

Which of the following interventions involves a shift from "blaming the victim" to consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client's problem? a. paradoxical intention b. reframing c. relabeling d. gender-role analysis

b. reframing

A therapist who asks Stan where his tension is located in his body and who encourages him to "be that feeling" is aligned theoretically with which model of therapy? a. the feminist approach b. the Gestalt approach c. family systems therapy d. cognitive therapy e. brief psychodynamic therapy

b. the Gestalt approach

Feminist therapists reject: a. the interactionist view. b. the androcentric view. c. the life-span perspective. d. the relational-cultural theory.

b. the androcentric view.

Which stage is not included in Meichenbaum's model for stress inoculation training? a. the conceptual-educational phase b. the cognition deconstruction phase c. the skills acquisition and consolidation phase d. the application and follow-through phase

b. the cognition deconstruction phase

In the view of the postmodern therapist, the most essential element of therapy is: a. assessment. b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship. c. diagnosis. d. brief course of treatment. e. skilled use of techniques.

b. the collaborative therapeutic relationship.

REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems? a. the phenomenological method b. the empirical method c. the Gestalt method d. the philosophical method

b. the empirical method

The role of the leader in solution-focused therapy groups is not: a. to set the tone of focusing on solutions. b. to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems. c. to create a setting where the client feels resourceful and capable. d. to skillfully ask questions to guide clients to finding solutions to their problems.

b. to provide clients with simple solutions to their problems.

A key concept of Gestalt therapy is: a. externalizing conversations. b. unfinished business. c. belief systems. d. family of origin issues. e. importance of the past.

b. unfinished business.

Reality therapy rests on the central idea that: a. thinking largely determines how we feel and behave. b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel. c. environmental factors largely control what we are doing. d. the way to change dysfunctional behavior is to reexperience a situation in which we originally became psychologically stuck.

b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.

Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets Chun Hei: a. would prescribe her antidepressant medication. b. would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process. c. would abandon using a systems approach, and treat her with cognitive behavioral methods. d. would be directive and tell her to convince her husband to go back to Korea so she will once again have family support.

b. would be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.

WDEP stands for: a. wants, decision, self-evaluation, perception. b. wishes, direction, engagement, purpose. c. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning. d. wants, direction, efficacy, planning.

c. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning.

Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts? a. "If others fail to treat me well, they must be miserable human beings." b. "Others must like me and appreciate my talents or else I am a failure." c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person." d. "I must get what I want when I want it or I won't be able to stand it."

c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person."

A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by saying: a. "Sounds like you're depressed." b. "Sounds like you have depression." c. "Sounds like you're depressing." d. "Sounds like you're depressive."

c. "Sounds like you're depressing."

All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except: a. Clients make a commitment to carry out their plans. b. There is a connection between a person's identity and their level of commitment. c. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy. d. Commitment puts the responsibility for changing on the client. e. Therapists only ask for commitments that are reasonable.

c. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.

Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy? a. Alfred Adler b. Cloe Madanes c. Albert Ellis d. Salvador Minuchin e. Carl Whitaker

c. Albert Ellis

The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is: a. William Glasser. b. Frederick Perls. c. Albert Ellis. d. Joseph Wolpe. e. Aaron Beck.

c. Albert Ellis.

Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy? a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of development. b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free concepts of feminist therapy. c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented. d. Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.

c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented.

Which one of the following approaches to therapy would pay the least attention to Stan's thought processes? a. rational emotive behavior therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. reality therapy e. cognitive-behavioral therapies

c. Gestalt therapy

What would a rational emotive behavior therapist be least likely to say about Stan's difficulties in life? a. He will feel better if he learns to think more rationally. b. He continually reindoctrinates himself with self-defeating sentences. c. He will feel better when he simply gains insight into the past roots of his problems. d. All of Stan's "oughts, should, and musts" are getting in his way and need to be disputed.

c. He will feel better when he simply gains insight into the past roots of his problems.

Which of the following is not true about technical eclecticism ? a. It enables counselors to be creative with their treatments. b. It is aimed at finding the best intervention for a specific client's problem. c. It enables counselors to use a variety of techniques without the dangers of combining contradictory theoretical models. d. It is inappropriate for diverse client populations.

c. It enables counselors to use a variety of techniques without the dangers of combining contradictory theoretical models.

To what does the term "cognitive triad" refer? a. Aaron Beck coined the term to refer to himself and two other cognitive-oriented theorists, Ellis and Meichenbaum, who have revolutionized the field of counseling. b. It refers to the three generations of Becks (Aaron, his daughter Judith, and his grandchild who is a social worker specializing in cognitive therapy). c. It is a pattern that triggers depression. d. It is a cognitive behavioral intervention.

c. It is a pattern that triggers depression.

Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy? a. It helps clients deal emotionally with unfinished business from their past. b. It provides insight into the causes of one's problems. c. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes. d. Most of its concepts have been subjected to empirical testing.

c. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.

Which family therapist made use of innovative interventions such as metaphor, reframing, rules for interaction, parts party, family reconstructions, family sculpting, and family maps? a. Bowen b. Minuchin c. Satir d. Whitaker e. Haley

c. Satir

Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad? a. Minuchin b. Haley c. Satir d. Whitaker e. Bowen

c. Satir

The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is: a. labeling and mislabeling. b. overgeneralization. c. arbitrary inferences. d. selective abstraction. e. personalization.

c. arbitrary inferences.

How would a psychoanalytic therapist view Stan's drinking problem? a. as a means of working though his Oedipal complex b. as a personal power issue associated with early trauma experienced in the anal stage c. as an oral fixation d. as a result of the ego-defense mechanism of introjection e. as a manifestation of his collective unconscious

c. as an oral fixation

Donna feels certain that no one will ever want to hire her because she has a timid personality. Her solution-oriented therapist would be most inclined to: a. explore her early childhood experiences with being rejected. b. consider her irrational belief to be indicative of psychopathology. c. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others. d. prescribe medication for her anxiety issues.

c. ask Donna to examine another side of the story she is presenting about herself and think of times when she was accepted by others.

In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to: a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs. b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely. c. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living. d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness. e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts.

c. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.

In which of the following approaches to therapy does the therapist become active and directive, functioning as a trainer for the client? a. existential therapy b. person-centered therapy c. behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. psychoanalytic therapy

c. behavior therapy

Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the scientific method? a. person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. behavior therapy d. reality therapy e. existential therapy

c. behavior therapy

How might an existential therapist work with Stan's depression and suicidal thoughts? a. by examining his faulty belief system b. by confronting Stan with the issue of finding meaning and purpose in his life c. by using active listening and reflection as Stan talks about his feelings d. by determining the nature of his shadow

c. by using active listening and reflection as Stan talks about his feelings

The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to: a. become an "existential partner" with the client. b. create a climate of safety and freedom from threat. c. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life. d. encourage the client to experience fully the here-and-now. e. help the client relive past emotional traumas.

c. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.

Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ? a. exploring cognitive distortions b. helping clients to replace negative imagery with more positive and successful coping scenes c. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client d. encouraging clients to participate in cognitive rehearsal e. teaching clients ways of testing hypotheses

c. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client

One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its: a. subjective approach. b. reliance on research for validation. c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning. d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship. e. emphasis on the disputation of irrational beliefs.

c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.

All of the following are reasons many feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels, or use them reluctantly, except that: a. diagnostic labels reinforce gender role stereotypes. b. diagnostic labels reflect the inappropriate application of power in the therapeutic relationship. c. diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior. d. diagnostic labels encourage adjustment to the norms of the status quo.

c. diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.

Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe times in their lives when they were able to solve their problem or when their problem was less severe? a. pre-therapy change b. the miracle question c. exception questions d. scaling e. formula first session task

c. exception questions

Which of the following approaches contends that the nature of the human condition includes self-awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements? a. Gestalt therapy b. person-centered therapy c. existential therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. reality therapy

c. existential therapy

Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior? a. radical behaviorism b. psychoanalytic c. existential-phenomenological d. deterministic e. person-centered theory

c. existential-phenomenological

Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use? a. asking about attempted solutions to a problem b. directives c. family sculpting d. reframing e. paradoxical interventions

c. family sculpting

Which therapeutic approach would focus on gender-role analysis and gender-role socialization with Stan? a. strategic family therapy b. Adlerian therapy c. feminist therapy d. existential therapy e. narrative therapy

c. feminist therapy

A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a: a. lifestyle assessment. b. family sketch. c. genogram. d. projective test. e. power analysis.

c. genogram.

The systems perspective implies: a. individuals are autonomous and independent of their families. b. the external environment is the most powerful influence on an individual's development. c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family. d. systematic intervention is required to deconstruct an unhealthy family interaction pattern.

c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.

All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that: a. it was developed by Meichenbaum. b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring. c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy. d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.

c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.

A limitation of existential therapy is its: a. emphasis on the therapist as an expert. b. adherence to the medical model. c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients. d. use of simplistic concepts. e. neglect of feelings.

c. limited applicability to nonverbal clients.

In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on: a. joining the family. b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust. c. maintaining a stance of neutrality. d. siding with one member involved in the triangle. e. identifying behavioral goals to guide the therapy.

c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.

According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves: a. learning the A-B-C model of disputing irrational thinking. b. learning a new dialogue. c. observing one's behavior and thinking patterns. d. learning coping skills. e. discovering insight into the cause of one's problem.

c. observing one's behavior and thinking patterns.

Of the following, which is one of the major contributions that feminists have made to the field of counseling? a. a focus on dealing with family dynamics b. a focus on exploring the unconscious factors contributing to current problems c. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice d. placing the therapeutic relationship at the core of the therapy process e. assisting clients to increase awareness of here and now experiencing

c. paving the way for gender-sensitive practice

Stan has a tendency to relate external events to himself, even when there is no basis for making these connections. He blamed himself for the incident in which a female classmate did not show up for a lunch date. He agonized over this and convinced himself that she would have been humiliated to be seen in his presence. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling

c. personalization

Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development? a. narrative therapy b. family systems therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. solution-focused therapy

c. psychoanalytic therapy

Stan is a man who is quite concerned about what others think of him. He worries that his peers and family members think he's a "loser". What type of therapist would have Stan participate in shame-attacking exercises to conquer his fear of negative evaluation of others? a. Gestalt therapist b. behavior therapist c. rational emotive behavior therapist d. reality therapist e. family systems therapist

c. rational emotive behavior therapist

Which of the following approaches to therapy is noted for using numerous cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques? a. person-centered therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. narrative therapy e. existential therapy

c. rational emotive behavior therapy

According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist: a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client. b. should display genuineness and warmth. c. remains anonymous. d. is a teacher. e. refuses to give up on the client.

c. remains anonymous.

All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for: a. striving for gender equality. b. confronting forms of institutional oppression. c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood. d. helping clients embrace their personal power. e. freeing clients of gender role socialization.

c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.

Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family? a. Bowenian family therapy b. human validation process model c. structural family therapy d. social constructionism

c. structural family therapy

The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a: a. co-therapist. b. passive observer. c. student or learner. d.partner.

c. student or learner.

All of the following are characteristics shared by the postmodern and person- centered approaches except: a. the high value of the therapeutic relationship. b. the belief that are capable of solving their problems. c. the importance of using specific techniques in therapy. d. the therapist's sense of caring and respect for their client. e. the importance of the client defining the goals for therapy.

c. the importance of using specific techniques in therapy.

An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from: a. unresolved issues of the past. b. inadequate ego-defense mechanisms. c. the internal repetition of irrational sentences. d. a normal human condition that should be accepted. e. oppressive social conditions.

c. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.

The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated primarily with: a. solution-oriented therapy. b. the linguistic approach. c. the narrative approach. d. the reflecting team. e. crisis intervention.

c. the narrative approach.

One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach: a. reality testing is highly organized. b. thinking is considered to influence feeling and action. c. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process. d. clients are asked to look for evidence to support their conclusions.

c. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.

Which of the following Gestalt techniques would help Stan deal with his unfinished business concerning his ex-wife? a. having him "speak" to her in the present b. "staying with the feeling" c. the rehearsal experiment d. all of these

c. the rehearsal experiment

What do the four feminist philosophies (liberal, cultural, radical, and socialist feminism) have in common? a. the same view of the sources of oppression of women b. the same methods of bringing about societal change c. the same goal of activism d. a basic agreement that the therapist is the expert e. a basic agreement on the value of diagnosis in counseling

c. the same goal of activism

Which of the following approaches to integration refers to a conceptual creation beyond a mere blending of techniques? a. technical eclecticism b. common factors approach c. theoretical integration d. assimilative integration

c. theoretical integration

In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is: a. to encourage clients to stretch beyond their limits. b. to teach clients to "think big." c. to arrange for successful experience. d. to arrive at the ultimate solution to a client's problem.

c. to arrange for successful experience.

Which of the following therapists would accept Stan's drinking as the problem and assist him in deconstructing his alcohol-saturated story and reauthoring a new life story? a. A solution-oriented therapist b. A reality therapist c. A person-centered therapist d. A narrative therapist e. A rational emotive behavior therapist

d. A narrative therapist

Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in: a. multigenerational family therapy. b. strategic family therapy. c. social constructionist therapy. d. Adlerian family therapy. e. experiential family therapy.

d. Adlerian family therapy.

_________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy. a. Albert Bandura. b. Joseph Wolpe. c. B.F. Skinner. d. Arnold Lazarus. e. Alan Kazdin.

d. Arnold Lazarus.

All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except: a. Behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method. b. Behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms. c. Behavior therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them. d. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

d. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)? a. The approach was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders. b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client/therapist relationship. c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices. d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques. e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness.

d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.

Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for: a. appropriate use of humor. b. warmth. c. facilitative self-disclosure. d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy? a. It is an insight therapy. b. It is a short-term or time-limited structured approach. c. It is an active and focused form of therapy. d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems. e. It is based on the assumption that the way people feel and behave is determined by the way they structure their experience.

d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.

Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy? a. Albert Ellis b. Donald Meichenbaum c. A. T. Beck d. Judith Beck e. all of these

d. Judith Beck

Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic? a. Albert Ellis b. Robert Wubbolding c. Gerald Corey d. Judith Beck e. Donald Meichenbaum

d. Judith Beck

Which of these statements is not true about lesbian feminism? a. In recent years, lesbian feminism has been enriched through interaction with queer theory. b. Some individuals identify "lesbian feminism" with 1970s and 1980s movements. c. Lesbian feminists share commonalities with many aspects of radical feminism. d. Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.

d. Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.

Which of these statements is not true? a. With the emphases on connection and interpersonal relationships, reality therapy is well suited for various kinds of group counseling. b. The WDEP system can be applied to helping group members satisfy their basic needs. c. If members talk about their past experiences or make excuses for their current behavior, the group leader redirects them to what they are presently doing. d. Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.

d. Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.

Which of the following is false as it applies to the practice of solution-focused brief therapy? a. Individuals who come to therapy have the ability to effectively cope with their problems. b. There are advantages to a positive focus on solutions and on the future. c. Clients want to change, have the capacity to change, and are doing their best to make change happen. d. Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.

d. Using techniques in therapy is a way of discounting a client's capacity to find his or her own way.

Reality therapy is best described as: a. an intensive and long-term therapy. b. a rational therapy. c. an insight therapy. d. a short-term therapy that stresses doing. e. an experiential therapy stressing feelings and attitudes.

d. a short-term therapy that stresses doing.

Reality therapy has gained popularity with: a. school counselors and administrators. b. school teachers, both elementary and secondary. c. rehabilitation workers. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because: a. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes. b. language shapes thinking and behavior. c. language shapes feelings. d. all of these

d. all of these

Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that: a. is not self-condemning. b. depicts the client's thoughts in a rational and accurate manner. c. replaces absolutes with preferences. d. all of these

d. all of these

Historically, counselors have been: a. resistant to developing an integrated model of psychotherapy. b. at war regarding the issues of the "best" methods of treatment. c. quick to discount contributions of a competing theoretical model. d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ? a. self-help procedures b. the use of humor c. homework assignments d. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience e. asking questions to get a better sense of the client's inner world

d. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience

Person-centered therapy puts faith in the client's: a. ability to uncover repressed experiences. b. ability to integrate their polarities. c. capacity for recognizing how birth order affects their choices. d. capacity for self-direction. e. ability to change their belief system.

d. capacity for self-direction

One of the major goals of reality therapy involves: a. reconstructing the basic personality. b. identifying factors that block freedom. c. encouraging clients to be willing to be a process. d. challenging clients to evaluate what they are doing. e. learning to express feelings.

d. challenging clients to evaluate what they are doing.

Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except: a. helping clients recognize and discard self defeating thinking. b. looking at a client's "internal dialogue." c. correcting erroneous beliefs. d. conducting a lifestyle assessment.

d. conducting a lifestyle assessment.

In feminist therapy, the following technique(s) is/are used to help clients recognize the impact of gender-role socialization: a. free association b. unbalancing c. scaling questions d. consciousness-raising e. the miracle question

d. consciousness-raising

Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of: a. stress symptoms. b. anxiety reactions. c. phobias. d. depression. e. cardiovascular disorders.

d. depression.

REBT contends that people: a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone. b. need to be accepted by most people. c. will become emotionally sick if they are rejected. d. do not need to be accepted and loved.

d. do not need to be accepted and loved.

Narrative therapists attempt to do all of the following except: a. engage people in deconstructing problem-saturated stories. b. discover preferred directions and new possibilities. c. create new stories. d. encourage free association.

d. encourage free association.

In working with Stan, a solution-focused therapist would most likely utilize the following technique: a. bibliotherapy b. assertiveness training c. cognitive restructuring d. exception questions e. the empty chair

d. exception questions

Which therapeutic approach would work to help Stan recognize, claim, and embrace his personal power? a. narrative therapy b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. reality therapy d. feminist therapy e. existential therapy

d. feminist therapy

The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of: a. rational emotive behavior therapy. b. person-centered therapy. c. family systems therapy. d. feminist therapy.

d. feminist therapy.

Of the following, what is an interest that social constructionists tend to share? a. helping clients better understand objective reality b. using paradoxical techniques c. using a genogram to teach families about conflicts d. generating new meaning in the lives of individuals e. helping clients tap into the collective unconscious

d. generating new meaning in the lives of individuals

Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?" a. role playing b. desensitization c. cognitive homework d. shame-attacking exercises e. changing one's language

d. shame-attacking exercises

Of the following, which intervention would a feminist therapist probably consider most essential? a. challenging irrational beliefs b. making use of the empty-chair technique c. conducting a lifestyle analysis d. social action e. interpretation of resistance

d. social action

Roberto, who struggles with feeling inadequate as a provider and husband, has come to work with a cognitive behavioral therapist. In addition to feeling inadequate, he feels angry that he has been marginalized by the mainstream culture. As his therapist, you should do all of the following except: a. refrain from using jargon such as the terms "irrational, maladaptive, and dysfunctional" b. adapt the language presented in cognitive restructuring to Roberto's primary language, age, and educational level. c. avoid using disrespectful language when describing Roberto's cognitions d. impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.

d. impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.

In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance? a. using emotive techniques b. collaborative empiricism c. automatic thoughts d. inner speech e. a multimodal approach to changing one's thinking and behaving

d. inner speech

The client's quality world consists of all of the following except: a. activities that fulfill our needs. b. images of people who enrich our lives. c. beliefs. d. insight.

d. insight.

In psychoanalytic therapy, a technique of great importance is: a. "The Question." b. re-authoring one's life story. c. value judgments. d. interpretation. e. solution talk as opposed to problem talk.

d. interpretation.

Yelina seems to ignore the major marital problems that she and her husband Carlos are having as a result of sharp differences in their viewpoints on political and social issues that are affecting their native country, Cuba. Whenever a friend points out the tension she observes, Yelina changes the subject and talks about the weather forecast. Yelina is adopting which of the following communication stances? a. blaming b. placating c. super reasonable d. irrelevant

d. irrelevant

Narrative therapy has been found to be particularly effective with diverse client populations for all of the following reasons except: a. it was founded in a sociocultural context. b. it allows clients to tell their unique stories from their perspective. c. it defines mental health within a social, political, and relational context. d. it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.

d. it teaches diverse clients to replace their own narratives with ones that conform more closely to the ideals and values of mainstream culture.

A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is: a. its use of the A-B-C theory in analyzing the client. b. its use of behavioral techniques. c. its applicability to group work. d. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.

d. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.

In a reality therapy group, the leader: a. is responsible for evaluating the clients' behaviors. b. performs an assessment to determine if the client is truly getting what he or she wants in life. c. withholds feedback when members are designing their plans. d. may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.

d. may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.

Regarding psychotherapy outcome, research shows: a. the behavioral approaches are more effective than the humanistic approaches. b. there are clear factors that predict which models of therapy work best for particular types of clients. c. the therapeutic relationship is not a major contributor to therapeutic change. d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.

d. no model of therapy has been proven more effective than another.

When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to focus on: a. relationships within the family. b. early traumatic events. c. problems in school performance. d. past successes. e. developmental problems.

d. past successes.

Which of the following approaches is least likely to be applied to short-term crisis intervention? a. existential therapy b. person-centered therapy c. reality therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. cognitive-behavior therapy

d. psychoanalytic therapy

What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation? a. reorganization b. family mapping c. restructuring d. reframing e. joining

d. reframing

The Gestalt approach to helping Stan resolve issues from his past would involve: a. asking him to bring these significant people to future therapy sessions. b. talking in detail about past experiences. c. interpreting his dreams by using universal symbolism. d. reliving and reexperiencing painful scenes. e. examining Stan's stages of development for fixations

d. reliving and reexperiencing painful scenes.

Which is not a major contribution of the postmodern approaches? a. the non-pathologizing stance. b. the optimistic orientation. c. the course of treatment is quite short compared to other approaches. d. research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable

d. research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable

The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event is: a. labeling and mislabeling. b. overgeneralization. c. arbitrary inferences. d. selective abstraction. e. personalization.

d. selective abstraction.

5. Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead, focuses on creating solutions in the present and the future? a. Freud's psychoanalytic approach b. family therapy c. person-centered therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. Gestalt therapy

d. solution-focused therapy

A major contribution of Whitaker's approach to family therapy is: a. birth order as a determinant of personality. b. differentiation of the self. c. genogram work. d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy. e. the use of bibliotherapy as an adjunct to treatment.

d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.

The core of reality therapy consists of: a. teaching clients how to acquire rational beliefs instead of irrational beliefs. b. helping clients to understand their unconscious dynamics. c. giving clients opportunities to express unresolved feelings. d. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.

d. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.

According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by: a. unfinished business with parents. b. sibling rivalry. c. early childhood trauma. d. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives. e. the failure to succeed in changing the other person in the relationship.

d. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.

The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that: a. clients must accept objective reality if they hope to change. b. there is really no difference between objective and subjective reality. c. one's problems are merely a product of one's imagination. d. there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories. e. we all construct irrational beliefs and must change those if we hope to find happiness.

d. there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.

A counselor using an integrative approach to working with Stan would be most concerned with: a. holding Stan accountable for his problems. b. conducting a comprehensive assessment as a basis for determining which techniques to use with Stan. c. finding a theoretical model that best explains Stan's condition. d. understanding Stan from multiple perspectives and developing a thoughtful and flexible treatment plan tailored to his unique characteristics.

d. understanding Stan from multiple perspectives and developing a thoughtful and flexible treatment plan tailored to his unique characteristics.

Stan's reality therapist would do all of the following except: a. explore Stan's quality world. b. ask him to engage in the process of self-evaluation of his behavior. c. use the WDEP system. d. use the A-B-C Model. e. help him to develop a plan.

d. use the A-B-C Model.

Which of the following approaches challenges social and cultural injustices that lead to oppression of certain groups? a. family systems therapy b. psychoanalytic therapy c. person-centered therapy d.narrative therapy

d.narrative therapy

Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the unique style of life we create at an early age? a. family systems therapy b. reality therapy c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. Adlerian therapy

e. Adlerian therapy

Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling? a. Joseph Wolpe b. Hans Eysenck c. E. Jacobson d. Arnold Lazarus e. Albert Bandura

e. Albert Bandura

Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting? a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning. b. They focus on specific aspects of problems. c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem. d. They serve as a model for the client. e. All of these are true.

e. All of these are true.

Which of the following feminist principles recognizes the importance of working against oppression and discrimination on the basis of race, class, culture, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, age, and disability? a. The person is political. b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian. c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored. d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress. e. All types of oppression are recognized.

e. All types of oppression are recognized.

Which of the following statements about strategic family therapy is not true? a. Therapy is brief, process-focused, and solution-oriented. b. Change results when the family follows the therapist's directions and change transactions. c. The focus is on solving problems in the present. d. The therapist designs strategies for change. e. Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.

e. Presenting problems are viewed as being symptomatic of a dysfunction within the system.

Who was the person who refined Adler's concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and an organized approach to family therapy? a. Virginia Satir b. Jay Haley c. Cloe Madanesd. Carl Whitaker e. Rudolf Dreikurs

e. Rudolf Dreikurs

Reality therapy is best categorized as: a. a brand of psychoanalytic therapy. b. a form of nondirective therapy. c. a derivative of Gestalt therapy. d. a derivative of Adlerian therapy. e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.

e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.

A feminist therapist is likely to become an advocate for change in the social structure by arguing for: a. the right to self-determination. b. the freedom to pursue a career outside the home. c. the right to an education. d. equality in power in relationships. e. all of these

e. all of these

Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck's approach emphasizes: a. more of a Socratic dialogue. b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves. c. working with the client in collaborative ways. d. more structure in the therapy process. e. all of these

e. all of these

A limitation of psychoanalytic therapy is that: a. it requires lengthy training for therapists. b. it is expensive for clients. c. the model stresses biological and instinctual factors to the neglect of social, cultural, and interpersonal ones. d. many clients lack the degree of ego strength needed for regressive and reconstructive therapy. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

REBT can best be considered as: a. an educative process. b. a didactic process. c. a process challenging ideas and thinking. d. a teaching/learning process. e. all of these.

e. all of these.

The feminist approach to group counseling involves all of the following except: a. support for the experience of being a woman. b. political involvement. c. providing members a place to reflect on their role in society. d. empowerment. e. an opportunity to experience and analyze multiple transferences.

e. an opportunity to experience and analyze multiple transferences.

In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans, the therapist will: a. use a behavioral form of punishment. b. "put the client down" to arouse their anger and motivate them to change. c. accept their excuses. d. make a value judgment about the client's behavior. e. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.

e. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.

Which therapeutic approach is likely to use interventions with Stan such as pre-therapy change, exception questions, scaling questions, and the miracle question? a. Adlerian therapy b. rational emotive behavior therapy c. existential therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. cognitive therapy

e. cognitive therapy

Which method is not employed in REBT? a. the "homework assignment" method b. the contract method c. the logical analysis method d. behavioral and action methods e. free association

e. free association

Existential therapy can be especially helpful for: a. individuals with phobic disorders. b. children with behavior disorders. c. patients in a mental hospital. d. couples needing sex therapy. e. individuals facing a transition in life.

e. individuals facing a transition in life.

A limitation of Gestalt therapy is that it: a. does not allow for full expression of feelings. b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams. c. completely ignores the past. d. offers few techniques. e. may neglect cognitive factors.

e. may neglect cognitive factors.

A limitation of behavior therapy is that it: a. does not provide a basis for accountable practice. b. does not identify specific problems. c. does not make room for cognitive factors. d. fails to explicitly define the role of the therapist. e. none of these.

e. none of these

The main therapeutic goal of REBT is: a. to teach clients how to recognize which ego state they are in. b. to make the unconscious conscious. c. to assist the client in becoming aware of his or her "being-in-the-world." d. to challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of his or her behavior. e. none of these

e. none of these

Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client's self-exploration? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. reality therapy d. family therapy e. person-centered therapy

e. person-centered therapy

The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as: a. labeling and mislabeling. b. overgeneralization. c. arbitrary inferences. d. selective abstraction. e. personalization.

e. personalization.

Stan frequently engages in thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms. Through this process of dichotomous thinking, Stan has self-defeating labels and boxes that keep him restricted. This is an example of which form of cognitive distortion? a. arbitrary inferences b. overgeneralization c. personalization d. labeling and mislabeling e. polarized thinking

e. polarized thinking

Stan's person-centered therapist would see him as a man who: a. needs help in setting goals. b. has unresolved issues from his past. c. must face the fact that he is ultimately alone. d. needs to learn to live with his anxiety. e. possesses the necessary resources for personal growth.

e. possesses the necessary resources for personal growth

Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person's belief system is the cause of emotional problems? a. solution-focused brief therapy b. existential therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. acceptance and commitment therapy e. rational emotive behavior therapy

e. rational emotive behavior therapy

The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called: a. cognitive homework. b. disputing irrational beliefs. c. role playing. d. shame-attacking exercises. e. rational-emotive imagery.

e. rational-emotive imagery.

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ? a. skillful questioning b. encouraging clients to look at what they are doing c. making action plans d. engaging in homework to change behaviors e. reliving an early childhood event

e. reliving an early childhood event

One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on: a. unconscious motivations. b. empirical validation. c. unleashing buried feelings. d. precision. e. social and psychological factors.

e. social and psychological factors.

Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except: a. behavioral rehearsals. b. self-monitoring. c. cognitive restructuring. d. problem solving. e. tapping into the unconscious realm.

e. tapping into the unconscious realm.

According to a rational emotive behavior therapist, what will not bring about actual changes in Stan's life? a. doing the hard work of challenging and changing irrational beliefs b. recognizing ways his faulty beliefs affect what he does and how he feels c. understanding the A-B-C theory d. acknowledging the "shoulds" and "oughts" he has accepted e. waiting for Stan to get in touch with his shadow

e. waiting for Stan to get in touch with his shadow