PsychSim6 Quiz: Classical conditioning

Keller and Marian Breland were not successful at teaching a chicken to play baseball. Which of the following statements correctly explains their lack of success in this situation?

An animal's natural behavior patterns, even though not reinforced, can sometimes interfere with learning arbitrary responses.

Applying the knowledge of operant conditioning that they had gained as students of _____, Keller and Marian Breland were able to successfully train animals for television commercials, trade shows, fairs, and displays in department stores.

B. F. Skinner

_____ coined the term operant.

B. F. Skinner

Habitual coffee drinkers, such as Don and Sandy, often acquire a classically conditioned response (CR) to the smell, sight, or taste of coffee. Even after drinking a cup or two of decaffeinated coffee, which is obviously missing the active ingredient of caffeine, they experience increased arousal and alertness. In this example, the smell, taste, and sight of the decaffeinated coffee is the _____ and the response to it is called _____.

CS; a placebo response

Which of the following is an accurate statement abo ut the psychological study of learning?

It can involve the study of animals.

The first person to do careful scientific studies of learning was:

Ivan Pavlov

Based on the discussion of biological preparedness and conditioned fears in the textbook In Focus box titled "Evolution, Biological Preparedness, and Conditioned Fears: What Gives You the Creeps?" Which of the following can be said about phobias?

They seem quite selective.

In the simulation, conditioning can be said to have occurred (the area in the green box on the Early Conditioned Response Graph) when:

blinking occurred less than 500ms after the air puff.

According to the simulation, the 'unconditioned link' is:

blinking to the air puff

According to the simulation, the 'conditioned link' is:

blinking to the tone

A _____ is the mental representation of the layout of a familiar environment.

cognitive map

In his work on the cognitive aspects of operant conditioning Edward C. Tolman is known for demonstrating:

cognitive maps and latent learning

In the simulation for this lab, when the participants responded to the tone by blinking, that was the:

conditioned response.

In the simulation for this lab, the tone that caused the eye blink was called the:

conditioned stimulus.

You're driving to class one day when the light on the gas gauge turns red. To avoid running out of gas you pull over at the nearest gas station. According to the principles of operant conditioning the presence of the red gas gauge light is a(n) _____, and the filling up of the gas tank is the _____.

discriminative stimulus; operant response

Pavlov was inspired to look into associations when he noticed that:

dogs would salivate before the meat powder was presented.

Ali was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. What is Ali displaying?

extinction

When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus:

extinction will occur.

Max was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. When Max returns to the lab and the experiment pairs the air puff with the tone again she will likely observe:

faster relearning.

According to the text Critical Thinking box titled "Is Human Freedom Just an Illusion? " B. F. Skinner maintained that:

human freedom is an illusion.

Monica has decided she wants to begin walking one mile per day, with the goal of eventually walking 15 miles per week. However she has found that she often chooses to stay home instead and watch TV or turn around after walking less than half a mile. Her desire to eventually lose weight is motivated by _____; her snack-eating behavior, which interferes with this goal, is governed by _____.

long-term reinforcement; short-term reinforcement

Some forms of chemotherapy make patients sick. Someone who has eaten vegetarian pizza just before the therapy (and is then sick) later feels ill when she sees or smells pizza. In this example of taste aversion learning the conditioned response is the:

nausea felt at the sight or smell of pizza.

Mirror neurons provide a biological basis for:

observational learning.

Your friend's younger sister Monica is a junior in high school. In order to increase the likelihood that Monica will get good grades, her parents have instituted an incentive program in which they give her $25 for every "A" she receives on her report card. According to the principles of positive reinforcement, Monica's increase in studying is called the _____, the better grades are the _____, and the $75 she will eventually receive for 3 "A's" is the _____.

operant; consequence; reinforcing stimulus

Pavlov was conducting research on _____ before he started researching associations.

salivation

Jessie was conditioned to blink using an air puff and a tone. The experimenter then presented only the tone until the blink response disappeared. When Jessie returns to the lab the next day she blinks when she hears the tone. This is referred to as:

spontaneous recovery

Tim has been conditioned to blink using air puffs and a 700 MHz tone. The experimenter finds that the conditioned response also occurs for 750 MHz tones and 650 MHz tones but not for 1250 MHz tones or 500 MHz tones. Tim is displaying:

stimulus discrimination

Ricardo always gets nervous and apprehensive when his professor says the word exam, but he seldom feels the same anxiety when the professor mentions the word quiz. Assuming that classical conditioning is involved in the two different reactions, it appears that Ricardo is exhibiting:

stimulus discrimination.

Amy has been conditioned to blink using air puffs and a 1000 MHz tone. The experimenter finds that the conditioned response also occurs for 750 MHz tones, 850 MHz tones, 1250 MHz tones and 1500 MHz tones. This is an example of:

stimulus generalization

Justine fell ill after eating a chicken burger. Now she not only has an intense dislike of chicken burgers but she also feels nauseated at the sight of beef burgers, fish burgers, soybean burgers, or anything that even resembles a burger. It would appear that Justine has experienced the phenomenon Ivan Pavlov called:

stimulus generalization.

Once when Debbie was a child she ate Captain Crunch cereal, after which she became very ill. She developed a dislike for and avoided this cereal. This is a classically conditioned response known as:

taste aversion.

Extinction occurs when:

the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Bella developed a phobia of clowns after she experienced a scary thunderstorm in a room with clown wallpaper as a child. In Bella's case the clown wallpaper served as:

the conditioned stimulus.

The phenomenon in which behaviors are conditioned only sometimes, thus causing them to be more resistant to extinction, is known as:

the partial reinforcement effect.

In the simulation for this lab, when the participants responded to the air puff by blinking, that was the:

unconditioned response.

In the simulation for this lab, the air puff that caused the eye blink was called the:

unconditioned stimulus.

In examining the evolutionary components of sensory adaptations, your text explains that because rats have relatively poor eyesight they are more likely to develop a taste stimulus aversion than a visual stimulus aversion. The primary insight generated with this example is that:

unique characteristics influence what an animal is capable of learning.