Public speaking Chapter 17

Derived credibility is an audience's view of a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of a subject.

False

Terminal credibility is credibility a speaker develops during a speech.

False

An argument in which a speaker attacks a person rather than that person's arguments is known as which type of fallacy?

Ad hominem fallacy

__________ is an audience's view of a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

Character

________ are similarities, shared interests, and mutual perspectives a speaker has with an audience.

Common ground

The use of overly graphic visual or verbal appeals has been shown to be extremely effective in "shocking" audiences into seeing a new perspective on an issue.

False

When you present new information to your audience instead of well-known information, research has shown that you may lose your audience's attention.

False

__________ credibility is the credibility a speaker has before giving a speech.

Initial

__________ is the word Aristotle used to refer to the logical arrangement of evidence in a speech.

Logos

Which of the following is not one of the three ways to build your credibility during your speech?

Use humor or entertaining stories to relax your audience.

The __________ fallacy occurs when a speaker argues that something is correct or good based on the observation that everyone else agrees with it or is doing it.

bandwagon

The audience's perception of a speaker's competence and character are known as his or her __________ .

credibility

When you appeal to mythos in a speech, stay audience centered and keep in mind that members of your audience may have different __________ myths.

cultural

The term Aristotle used to describe a speaker's credibility is:

ethos.

In persuasive speaking, you make appeals to emotions to accomplish all of the following goals except:

expressing personal doubts.

Because emotional appeals engage an audience personally, you'll want to consider using all of these aspects of emotional appeals, except:

extremely graphic violence.

An argument that seems valid but is flawed because of unsound evidence or reasoning is known as a(n) __________ .

fallacy

Primary emotions, which research has shown tend to be expressed similarly across cultures, include all of the following except:

guilt.

The interrelated set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and feelings held by members of a particular culture are known as __________ .

mythos

An argument that introduces irrelevant information into an argument to distract an audience from the real issue is known as a(n):

red herring fallacy.

The secondary emotions include all of the following except:

reverence.

In her speech opposing sex education in schools, Loni argues that teaching sexual education will lead to more students having sex, which will lead to more teen pregnancies, which will lead to higher drop-out rates. This is an example of a(n):

slippery slope fallacy.

An either-or fallacy is an argument in which the speaker claims our options are "either A or B," when actually more than two options exist.

true

To enhance the credibility of a source used in a persuasive speech, you should provide all the information necessary for your audience to access the source on their own, including dates, credentials, and other significant information.

true

When you speak persuasively, seek a balance between reason and emotion.

true

One of the reasons that Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most influential speakers of the twentieth century is the __________ language he used to create images for his audiences.

vivid