Public Speaking Chapters 5, 6, & 14

What are the SIX demographic traits of audiences?

1) Age. 2) Gender. 3) Religion. 4) Sexual Orientation. 5) Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Background. 6) Group Membership.

What are five questions to ask about your specific purpose?

1.) Does my purpose meet the assignment? 2.)Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted? 3.)Is the purpose relevant to my audience? 4.)Is the purpose too trivial for my audience? 5.)Is the purpose too technical for my audience?

What are five tips to formulating your specific purpose?

1.) Write the Purpose statement as a full infinite phrase, not as a fragment, 2.) Express your purpose as a statement and not as a statement. 3.) Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement, 4.) Limit your purpose statement to on distinct idea. 5.) Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general.

Line Graph

A graph that uses line segments to show changes that occur over time

What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech?

Before, assess how audience will respond, adjust to make appropriate and convincing as possible.

What factors should you consider when planning to use presentation technology in a speech?

Can be a great boom to conversation, can lose message of speech, can be boring if read verbatim.

What are the major advantages of using visual aids in speeches?

Clarity, interest, retention

Chart

Exhibits information in a tabular form

pie graph

Graphic representation of quantitative information

Why is determining the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation?

Indicates precisely what your speech seeks to achieve.

What are the two general purposes of most classroom speeches, how do they differ?

Inform and to persuade. Inform- Goal is to communicate information clearly. Persuade- Goal is to win listeners over to your point of view

Central Idea

Main idea of a speech or passage

What are the types of visual aids used in speeches?

Objects, models, graphs, tables, photos, drawings

Specific Purpose

Only use for object/ to inform my audience about

What are the guidelines for presenting visual aids?

Place where the audience can see them, avoid passing them around, display aids only while discussing them, explain clearly & concisely, talk to your audience not your aid.

What are the guidelines for preparing visual aids?

Prepare visual aids well in advance. Keep visual aids simple. Make sure visual aids are large(visible) enough. Use a limited amount of text. Use fonts effectively. Use Color effectively. Use images strategically.

What is a situational audience analysis?

Size of audience, physical setting, and disposition of audience

Topic

Subject of conversation or discussion

What three brainstorming methods can you follow if you are having trouble choosing a topic for your speech?

Take a personal inventory, clustering, internet speech

Brainstorming

Taking note of all of your ideas at one time

What is the difference between the specific purpose and the central idea of a speech?

The specific purpose is written from the speaker's point of view—it's what he or she sets out to accomplish. The central idea is written from the listeners' point of view—it's the message they should go away with.

Why must a public speaker be audience-centered?

To make them feel important

Font

a complete assortment of type of one style and size.

demographic audience analysis

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background

situational audience analysis

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion

Stereotyping

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

Egocentrism

having or regarding the self or the individual as the center of all things

open-ended questions

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

fixed-alternative questions

questions that offer a fixed choice between 2 or more alternatives

General Purpose

the speaker's overall objective: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain