Public Speaking Exam 1

If you use the views or ideas of others in a speech, you should verbally acknowledge

all sources whether you quote or paraphrase them.

In the process of communication, interference refers to

anything that blocks the communication of a message.

Samuel turns on the radio to listen to a modern reading of an old radio drama that he used to listen to when he was a child. Samuel is engaging in ______ listening.

appreciative

Most symptoms of nervousness that a speaker feels

are not noticeable to others

Johnny gave a speech to an audience of two-dozen people, but he had not prepared well and the audience did not understand the points he tried to make. According to Jenkin Lloyd Jones, the most unethical part of Johnny's failure to prepare was to waste his

audience's time, because their collective wasted time was much greater than his own amount of wasted time.

Choosing a speech topic that has personal meaning to you allows you to

build your confidence.

Speech experts suggest that speakers

prepare two hours for each minute of the speech

In a speech, a citation for a quotation should include which of the following?

The name of the work in which the quotation originally appeared The name of the source

The topics of speeches outside the classroom are usually determined by which of the following?

The occasion The speaker's qualifications The audience

Which of the following examples correctly indicate that someone else's exact words are being used?

The poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" asks, "Do I dare disturb the universe?" T. S. Eliot asked, "Do I dare disturb the universe?"

Select all following items that are true of an effective public speaker.

The speaker tries to anticipate listeners' questions. The speaker tries to avoid vocalized pauses, such as "um." The speaker tries to effectively organize the ideas to be presented.

Linnea's speech teacher tells her that one way to keep from becoming distracted is to try to anticipate what the speaker will say next. Linnea's dad tells her that is terrible advice. Who is right, and why?

The teacher is right because it forces Linnea to listen.

What is included in a speech bibliography for listing online sources used?

The title of each Internet document

What are characteristics of focused, effective listeners?

They can identify a speaker's supporting evidence. They can detect a speaker's main points.

Which of the following is the most effective specific purpose statement?

To inform my audience of the three key benefits of gluten-free diets.

In U.S. history, restricting free speech has been used for which of the following?

To suppress labor organizers To stop civil rights leaders To keep women from public speaking

What type of topics do people usually give the best speeches about?

Topics that are very familiar them

Which of the following are part of suspending judgment when listening?

Trying to understand the speaker's ideas Assessing the speaker's reasoning Examining the speaker's evidence

Which of the following are examples of plagiarism?

Using speech written by a friend for your classroom assignment Presenting ideas from other sources as your own Not distinguishing your words from those written by someone else

Incremental plagiarism involves which of the following?

Using the exact words of others as your own Paraphrasing the words of others without crediting the sources

Which of the following can help most speakers deal with nervousness in a public speaking situation?

Visualizing yourself giving a great speech Gaining experience by presenting speeches when given the opportunity Thoroughly preparing your speech Making eye contact

Which of the following are true when we listen too hard?

We are trying to remember everything a speaker says. We are treating everything the speaker says as equally important. We are likely to miss the speaker's main point. We are listening for too many details.

Which of the following is an ethical, rather than strategic, question you would ask yourself as you prepare your speech?

Would I want other people to know my true motives in presenting this speech?

Spencer is taking a biology class. He found the discussion on birds, especially crows, fascinating. Would a speech on crows be appropriate for his public speaking class?

Yes, because it is something he wants to know more about

During his Internet research, Charles found three articles that eloquently made the points he wanted to make in his speech about gay marriage and the Bible. Charles used portions of each article to make an effective, persuasive appeal that he presented as his own in a classroom speech. Should Charles be concerned about using the work of others without citing the source?

Yes, because plagiarism affects his credibility and reliability as a speaker and a person.

Sara is an avid player of video games. For a class speech, she takes the position that video games can actually be beneficial to kids. Sara found three sources that support her argument. She cuts and pastes large sections of those sources to form the bulk of her speech and doesn't cite them. Is Sara guilty of plagiarism?

Yes, she is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.

Which of the following are guidelines for ethical speaking?

You should consider the impact of your speech. You should be fully prepared for the speech. Your goals should not betray public trust for personal gain.

Which of the following is an ethical problem caused by rushing through speech preparation?

You will waste the audience's time and not meet your obligation to the audience.

Plagiarism is

a form of stealing. an ethical issue.

With what or whom does the process of communication begin?

A speaker

The most important ancient work on public speaking still followed by speakers today is

Aristotle's Rhetoric.

According to the textbook, when should you turn to an Internet search to brainstorm for a speech topic?

After doing a personal inventory and clustering

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of distraction for listeners of Stephen Hawking or Abraham Lincoln?

Appearance

In the communication process, which of the following are types of feedback in public speaking?

Applause Total silence Body language Facial expressions

When researching a speech topic, the speaker should do which of the following?

Make sure that the facts are stated accurately Familiarize oneself with opposing viewpoints Research all sides of an issue

Which of the following statements is an example of a central idea?

Baking a cake is easy if you have the right ingredients, know how to combine them, and use a properly heated oven.

A speaker experiences nervousness each time before he gives a speech. Why might this occur?

Because he has not prepared enough Because he is getting "psyched up"

Which of the following can be sources of interference in the communication process?

Being in an overheated warm room Listener illness Listener anxiety Traffic noise outside the speaking venue

Which of the following is the best definition of ethnocentrism?

Believing that one culture is better than another

Lloyd tells Amelia to use the clustering approach for brainstorming to select her speech topic. How will she organize her ideas?

By using nine categories of ideas

Derek has been assigned to give a two-minute speech about history or government. His audience will be his classmates, who have the same assignment. Derek decides his specific purpose will be to name the U.S. presidents, describing the greatest achievement and reciting a brief quotation from each one. Which question did Derek forget to ask himself about his specific purpose?

Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted?

In which case does a person commit incremental plagiarism?

Cecilia makes a great speech, but she puts one of her source's ideas into her own words without mentioning the source.

Which of the following are recommended ways of resisting distractions while listening?

Comparing the speaker's message to what you anticipated the message would be Summarizing and making sense of what you just heard

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that includes which of the following?

Considering issues of right and wrong Discussing honesty and dishonesty Understanding of actions that are moral or immoral

Which of the following are true of critical thinking skills practiced in a public speaking class?

Critical thinking skills can help you listen more effectively. Critical thinking skills can be applied to other disciplines. Organizing speeches is related to critical thinking.

Which of the following demonstrate jumping to conclusions when listening?

Deciding that a speaker's topic is not worth listening to Assuming that the speaker's views are misguided because of political-party affiliation Deciding that a speech will be boring based on its title

You are considering a job in which you would promote and sell a new brand of beer. Which questions can help you determine if that goal is ethically sound?

Do I think this beer is unhealthy? Am I taking this job for money, despite concerns about the product? Does this beer company engage in illegal practices? Do I think drinking beer is a positive activity?

Which question should student speakers ask themselves to assess the soundness of their goals?

Do the goals align with my beliefs?

What are the questions to ask about your specific purpose statement?

Does my purpose meet the assignment? Is the purpose relevant to my audience? Can I accomplish my assignment in the time allotted?

Which of the following is not a guideline for ethical speaking?

Dressing well

Good listeners are able to do which of the following?

Evaluate what they hear Assess evidence and reasoning

Listening for main points and technique are methods used to

Focus listening

For the listener, which one of these is most likely to be a major source of interference in the speech communication process?

Focusing on a speaker's delivery and personal appearance

Listening ethically includes which of the following?

Focusing your attention on the speaker Using good manners when someone else is speaking Keeping an open mind to controversial ideas

Lack of adequate speech preparation will most likely lead to speakers doing which of the following?

Giving incomplete information Presenting misinformation Offering misleading advice

Which categories would be the most relevant in the personal inventory brainstorming technique?

Hobbies and beliefs

While brainstorming, Karl came up with a list of possible topics consisting of coconuts, cathedrals, clouds, concerts, chemistry, and clay. Which technique did he most likely use?

Internet search

Effective listening requires that you ask questions about a speaker's evidence. Which of these questions is not necessary to ask about evidence?

Is it delivered smoothly?

Cassie's specific purpose for her speech is to inform her audience about the benefits of homeownership. She gives her speech to her sister's high school history class, and while a couple of her listeners seem interested, most have bored looks on their faces. Which key question did Cassie forget to ask herself about her specific purpose statement?

Is my purpose relevant to my audience?

Jin was assigned to give an informative speech to his classmates. He decided that his specific purpose was to inform his audience about different types of domesticated fruit trees. In giving his speech, he described differences between orange, apple, and lemon trees. Which key question did Jin most likely forget to ask himself about his specific purpose?

Is my purpose relevant to my audience?

Why is "to inform my audience about three steps for managing anger in a positive way" an effective specific purpose?

It indicates what the speaker hopes to accomplish. It is stated in a single, infinitive phrase. It contains a very distinct idea.

Which statement describes a central speech idea?

It is a concise statement of what you expect to say in a speech.

Which of the following is not true of public speaking?

It is irrelevant because of the Internet.

What best describes the process of topic selection for student speakers?

It is often difficult.

Which of the following statements are true about an effective specific purpose statement?

It states what the speaker wants the audience to know. It focuses on one specific aspect of the broader topic. It includes the general purpose (for example, "to inform").

Which of the following are instances of dishonesty in a public speech?

Jermaine cites the one perfect test score he earned as being typical of his performance in math. Agatha presents the preliminary findings of her research as if they were conclusive and peer-reviewed. Dolph copies slogans that were used more than one hundred years ago as his own, thinking that they are so old that copying them will not matter.

Unfortunately, focusing on a person's unique accent or manner of speaking can cause a listener to do which of the following?

Judge the speaker's message unfairly Judge the speaker's intellect Lose the point of the message

Tashiana was in a hurry to complete her speech for a public speaking contest. During her research on world hunger, she found some wonderfully descriptive language. She used those descriptions, which helped her make her points vividly and movingly in the speech. She did not give attribution for these words but did cite the World Health Organization for the facts and statistics that she included in the speech. Tashiana won the contest, but was her speech ethical?

No, because she failed to credit the sources of all her ideas and wording.

Which of the following are reasons why speakers must consider the cultural diversity of their audience?

Nonverbal signals differ from culture to culture and thus can make effective communication more challenging. Language barriers can result in misunderstandings. Different cultures attach different meanings to gestures.

What are the two main problems for note takers?

Not knowing how to record information Not knowing what to listen for

Which of the following are ways to avoid global plagiarism?

Not waiting until the last minute to research and prepare your speech Using and citing more than one source in your speech

Gary takes his car to the mechanic because the car vibrates when he applies the brakes. When the mechanic asks him what's wrong with his car, Gary says, "Sometimes I drive too fast, so it may be my fault, but it does this thing, but not always. There's like a noise, but today there isn't. When I try to stop, well, it also rattles when I start the engine on a cold day. It's messed up." What basic skill that is useful in everyday conversation and public speaking is Gary lacking in this example?

Organizing his thoughts logically

Who of the following is exercising a protected form of speech?

Pablo, who advocates passing laws to eliminate immigration because he feels that immigrants are inferior

Caitlin has no experience giving speeches, and she is worried that she will not do well in her public speaking class. Which of the following are everyday communication skills similar to those Caitlin will need to succeed in class?

Paying attention to how listeners receive her messages Noticing the facial expressions of the people she talks to Adjusting the message for maximum impact

Which of the following examples would show that Portia has a skill for public speaking?

Portia told a ghost story that made everyone scream when she revealed the secret at the end of it.

Braxton is speaking about types of plumbing systems. As he is explaining types of pipes, he realizes that he has reversed the order in which he intended to discuss hot and cold water systems. What should he do?

Proceed as if the mistake did not happen

Darius is giving a speech on the way vegetables can help fight disease. During the speech, most of his facts, which are derived from a variety of respected sources, deal mainly with how much farmland has been lost to development and how small farmers struggle to earn a living. What does his evidence lack?

Relevancy

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates a case of an unethical speech because of dishonesty?

Reva quotes a seemingly offensive statement from a competitor out of context, which would have shown that the statement was not offensive.

Being an ethical listener in a public speaking situation includes which of the following?

Showing support for the speaker by being attentive Taking seriously your responsibility as a listener. Showing speakers the same courtesy you want from them when you are speaking

A listener has a responsibility to encourage the speaker. Which of the following are ways for ethical listeners to encourage speakers?

Showing support with appropriate facial expressions Sitting in an attentive posture Maintaining consistent eye contact with the speaker

The 2012 study about public speaking confidence showed which of the following?

Significantly more people fear public speaking than fear dying.

Who of the following people gives Aaron the best advice about the way to become a better listener?

Someone who tells him to be serious about listening.

Which one of the following is not considered to be public speaking?

Speaking on the telephone with a friend

Although speakers have the right to be heard, which of the following are not protected under the First Amendment?

Speeches that incite an audience to engage in illegal actions where the audience is likely to follow through Threats against the life of the U.S. president Speeches that contain falsehoods that destroy a person's reputation

A speaker would more likely do which of the following during a formal speech than in daily conversation?

Stand upright and use minimal gestures Follow a preconceived order of ideas

Listening for technique involves which of the following?

Studying the speaker's language Evaluating the speaker's strengths and weaknesses Analyzing the introduction

In the process of communication, which of the following are examples of a channel?

Television The radio The Internet A live voice

Elle was making a speech about honeybees. She repeatedly practiced saying, "The sweet rewards of honey create quite a buzz," but she mistakenly says, "Honey rewards people with a sweet buzz." She is crushed, but after her speech, nobody mentions her mistake. What is the most likely reason for this?

The audience did not know what she planned to say, just what she actually said

The best way to give credit for words from a source is to

cite the author or title of the source.

When you directly copy wording from multiple sources for your speech without crediting them, you have

committed patchwork plagiarism.

If you listen too hard to a speaker, you are likely to

confuse the facts.

Suspending judgment while listening involves

considering the worth of an idea you do not agree with.

In recent years, listening has become more difficult because of

distractions from digital devices.

When speakers paraphrase, they

do not need to provide a source for facts that are widely known.

Allison is a loader in a warehouse. When one of her fellow employees explains that she will be missing work for a few weeks because her mother is terminally ill, what is the primary type of listening that Allison is using?

empathetic

The best practices of speechmaking have little value if the speaker lacks

enthusiasm

Believing that your group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures is called

ethnocentrism.

Active listeners

give the speaker their undivided attention. do not prejudge the speaker. do not allow themselves to be distracted.

How do most people spend the bulk of their communication time?

listening

Sam is passionate about protecting the environment. He went to a political rally to see a speaker who is known for being supportive of the environment. About two minutes into the speech, Sam left the venue and posted on social media about how great the speaker was. Sam then found out from a friend that the second half of the speech went against everything Sam believed in. Sam made the mistake of

having a positive prejudice about the speaker.

George is giving a speech to a culturally diverse audience. Which is least necessary for him to pay attention to as he tries to connect with multicultural listeners?

his breathing

Presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own is a violation of the ethical value of

honesty

To avoid incremental plagiarism in your speech, you should

identify the source of any unoriginal words or ideas.

The nervousness you feel before giving a speech

is similar to the nervousness felt by others performing publicly.

Listening for main ideas in a speech

is the most important listening objective. is seldom difficult. often yields results very early in a speech.

Evan is following a cooking demonstration. He carefully notes everything from the types of mixing bowls and utensils used to the brands of the ingredients that the chef is promoting. When he tries to replicate the recipe at home, he finds that he didn't record the ingredients. This is an example of

listening too hard

Elements of the speech communication process include

message. channel. feedback. situation. listener. interference. speaker.

During the speech communication process,

messages are communicated via channels. multiple channels can be used simultaneously. a message can be delivered through a single channel.

Critical thinking is important, because the structure of your speech

mirrors the structure of your thinking.

Mr. Steele is speaking to a group of accountants about new tax laws. He presents numerous verifiable facts dealing with tax laws. Some people realize that all his statistics come from extremely politically liberal publications that interpret all the facts in a similar way. Mr. Steele's evidence lacks

objectivity.

The act of incremental plagiarism is

often accidental.

Good listening skills come from

practice and self-discipline.

The top fear cited in a study of more than 9,000 people was fear of

public speaking

Reggie was going to tell his employee, Maddie, that he wants her to apply for a higher-paying job. He tells her that he wants to discuss her performance, and she says, "I know I've been slacking and I am willing to work for less to make up for it." Maddie has jumped to a conclusion by

putting words into Reggie's mouth.

Misha, an international sales representative for exercise products, has spoken to audiences across the globe about his company's products. He is returning to the United States to promote the products. When he speaks to audiences in the United States, Misha should

remember that the American audience is probably more diverse than most of his audiences.

If Ronald is speaking to a small class, and he notices several people looking at their phones or putting their heads down, he is most likely going to feel

self-conscious

Mentally rehearsing for a speech

should be done repeatedly before speaking.

Katie yells to Carly that the speech will be given at 3 p.m. in Smith Hall. Katie has just described the ______ of the speech.

situation

Fran, a spokesperson for her company, gives a speech harshly criticizing the mayor and his business policies. Fran's boss, however, was upset by the speech and tells her the criticisms were too personal and crossed over the line of decency. The comments made by Fran's boss represent

speech feedback

Global plagiarism is defined as using

speech material entirely from one source and passed off as your own work.

What should you always do, regardless the brainstorming technique you use to prepare for a speech?

start early

When preparing to begin a speech, positive nervousness refers to

taking control of your fear.

Analyzing the speaker's attention-getters and language are both methods of listening for

technique

In the process of communication, examples of listeners include

the audience for a speech. a person who receives a communicated message. someone whose friend is talking to her on the phone

In any speech, it is most important to listen for

the main points

Which of the following is what is communicated by the speaker?

the message

In the process of communication, feedback is defined as

the message that is sent back to the speaker.

The more clearly you create visions of yourself successfully presenting a speech,

the more likely you are to succeed

In the process of communication, situation is defined as

the time and place of the communication.

Stage fright is most likely to be experienced by someone

thinking negatively

Experts recommend that people who fear giving a speech should deal with it by

turning the negative fear into a positive excitement.

Helmut is about to make a presentation to his class, but he is very nervous. He feels like he may explode or faint. When the members of the audience see Helmut in front of them, they will

unlikely be able to know how nervous he feels.

Andreas is giving a speech to convince audience members that they can become millionaires by investing 20% of their income in stocks or real estate. He uses a microphone to make sure they can hear him. As he is talking, it begins to rain loudly, so he closes the windows. After he is done, Aya thanks him and says she did not realize how quickly investments can grow. Which action concerns the speech channel?

using the microphone

Making speeches tends to become less intimidating

with more practice

When you take a speech class,

your instructor accepts that you may be learning new skills.