Public Speaking Exam 1

Disadvantages of Presentation Aids

-Poorly prepared or presented aids can: §Distract your listeners §Confuse your listeners §Damage your credibility §Damage your delivery §Put you at the mercy of technology

Advantage of Presentation Aids

-Well prepared and presented aids can: Add authenticity and emphasis to your words Promote the audience's understanding Add variety and interest to your speeches Enhance your credibility as a speaker Improve your delivery skills Make your speeches more memorable

Persuasion as Incremental Process -Proceeds through five stages:

1) Awareness- conscious raising (problem) 2) Understanding -Shared understanding crucial to persuasion 3) Agreement -From understanding to accepting message 4) Enactment-Use emotional appeals to move to action 5) Integration- Of message with previous beliefs and values

In a classroom speech, you will have how many main points?

2-5

The type of reasoning that relates a subject to something similar is called

Analogical reasoning

Developing Mythos

Appeals to shared traditions and values

The ancient Greek who organized and systematized the study of public speaking was

Aristotle

"Three ways to tour the Grand Canyon are by helicopter, horseback, and hiking." is an example of

Central Idea/thesis

What is your best technique for avoiding plagiarism?

Cite each source as you use it in your speech

Manipulative persuasion is characterized by

Colorful images Music Attractive spokespersons

Which of these is a way to deal with communication anxiety?

Consciously change negative thoughts about giving the speech to positive ones

A syllogism is used with

Deductive reasoning

The type of reasoning that starts with a general principle or rule and draws a conclusion from it is called

Deductive reasoning

refers to the tendency to presume that our culture is "right" and the standard against which other cultures should be judged.

Ethnocentrism

Closed-ended questions enable the audience to answer at length and in as much detail as they wish.

False

Presentation Aids: Traditional Media

Flips charts, poster, handouts

Which of these would you avoid to overcome communication anxiety?

Focus on your nervousness.

If Sally were giving a speech to the National Wildlife Association on gun control, the first demographic she should consider would be

Group Membership

Chang wanted to give an informative speech on exchange students. His specific purpose was, "To persuade my audience to be more accepting of exchange students." What, if any, mistake did Chang make?

His specific purpose did not fit the type of speech he was giving.

Manipulative persuasion is inherently unethical because

It sidesteps a careful consideration of supporting evidence and arguments

The form of proof that deals with rational appeals based on facts and expert testimony is called

Logos

Types of Presentation Aids

Object, Models, Graphics, Maps,

The form of proof that deals with appeals to personal feelings is called

Pathos

Which of the following is an accurate definition of plagiarism?

Presenting the words or ideas of others without giving them credit.

are the beliefs, attitudes, values, and motives that influence the behavior of listeners.

Psychographics

Question of policy

Seek Action

Which of the following is NOT a good method for capturing the audience's attention during the introduction of the speech?

Stating your name and your topic

Why should you be careful about using material from personal web pages and/or Wikipedia?

There are no controls over what is posted

Which of the following is a correctly worded central idea/thesis statement?

There are three common sleeping disorders

Which of these is NOT a general purpose for a speech?

To demonstrate

Which of the following is an example of a correctly worded specific purpose statement?

To inform my audience about three beautiful places to camp in the Rockies.

"To persuade my audience that we should take three steps to help curtail Human Trafficking" is a question of policy.

True

One must always show a clear plan/solution in policy speeches.

True

Policy speeches seek action.

True

We will organize our Policy Speeches using Monroe's Motivated Sequence.

True

"To persuade my audience that home schooling is better than public schooling" is a question of

Value

What is a stereotype?

a generalized picture of a race, gender, or nationality

Responsible knowledge includes all of the following except:

abstract truths that always apply

I can't support Representative Huebner's plan for policy change. After all, he was caught cheating on an exam in law school.

ad hominiem - directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining:

What type of reasoning compares two similar cases and shows that what is true in one case will be true in the other?

analogical

How should each main point and subpoint in a formal outline be worded?

as a single, simple declarative sentence (complete sentence) - all worded similarly

How should each point and subpoint in a key-word outline be worded?

as single words or short phrases

Question of Fact

ask to believe

What principle of good form is demonstrated by spending approximately the same amount of time on each main point?

balance

I don't know why I can't bike without a helmet. Everyone else bikes without a helmet and they are just fine.

bandwagon - used in reference to an activity, cause, etc. that is currently fashionable or popular

Which part of a speech should be the longest?

body

The following main points are arranged using ____________ design/organizational pattern. I. West Nile Virus is caused by the bite of the common mosquito. II. There are many effects of the West Nile Virus such as a flu-like illness and even death.

causal

The following main points are arranged using ____________ design/organizational pattern. I. The American Revolution was fought from 1775-1783. II. The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865. III. World War I was fought from 1914-1918. IV. World War II was fought from 1939-1945.

chronological

The specific purpose statement, "To persuade my audience to support federal action to combat greenhouse pollution and a new program to promote recycling in our area would likely fall into what "trap" of poor selection?

contains more than one idea

Which mode of proof establish that you are credible enough to speak on the topic?

ethos

The type of evidence that justifies asking us to believe or act is

facts

Kalli notices quizzical looks on the faces of her audience during her speech. She decides to restate the information in a different way. Kalli is responding to

feedback

The preview statement of the speech

indicates the main points you will cover in your speech.

I. The timeline of Marilyn Monroe's death indicates that she was murdered and did not commit suicide. II. The autopsy report indicates that Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide. III. The testimony of Marilyn Monroe's housekeeper indicates that she was murdered and did not commit suicide. IV. Her involvement with the Kennedys indicate that Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide. V. Her involvement with the mafia indicate that Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide.

inductive

What is determined by everything you do and say before the speech begins?

initial credibility

The credibility statement is part of the _____

introduction

Which outline should you use for presenting your speech?

key-word

The audience--those for whom the message is intended--is called the

listener/receiver

Why is my opponent accusing me of tax evasion when people are dying of the Coronavirus.

red herring - A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question

To motivate listeners, one thing you must do in the introduction is

reveal your topic and tell them why your speech is important to them

Question of value

right or wrong/ best or worst/ idea or action

What principle of good form is demonstrated by limiting the number of main points in your speech?

simplicity

The assumption that once something happens, an inevitable trend is established that will lead to disastrous results is called

slippery slope fallacy

References in a speech to sources used is called

source citation

The originator of a message is called the

source/sender

The following main points are arranged using _____________ design/organizational pattern. I. The top of the St. Louis Arch contains an enclosed viewing platform. II. The middle part contains the legs of the Arch which have elevators to take visitors to and from the top. III. At the bottom, underneath the Arch, is a gift shop and museum.

spatial

The ____narrows your topic down to what the speaker wants the audience to know or understand at the end of the speech.

specific purpose

The following is an example of a ___. "To persuade my audience to donate blood through the American Red Cross."

specific purpose

Which of these should be written in the header of the formal outline, but NOT said out loud at the beginning of the speech?

specific purpose

The requirement that material in an outline descend in importance from main points to subpoints to sub-subpoints is called

subordination

Which of these is a purpose of the speech conclusion?

summarize the main points of the speech

The type of evidence that calls on experts to support your position is

testimony

When evaluating Internet research materials, the criteria of authority means that you are evaluating

the credentials of the author and sponsor of the web site

The central idea/thesis statement summarizes

the main points of the speech

What is wrong with the following specific purpose? "To inform my audience about Japan."

too broad

The specific purpose statement, "To inform my audience how to make a peanut butter sandwich" would probably fall into what "trap" of poor topic selection?

too trivial

The following main points are arranged using ____________ design/organizational pattern. I. One major type of sleeping disorder is restless leg syndrome. II. A second major type of sleeping disorder is insomnia. III. A third major type of sleeping disorder is apnea..

topical/categorical

The following main points are arranged using _____________ design/organizational pattern. I. One reason to believe Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide is the timeline of her death. II. A second reason to believe Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide is the contents of the autopsy report. III. A third reason to believe Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide is her relationship with the Kennedys. IV. A final reason to believe Marilyn Monroe was murdered and did not commit suicide is her relationship with the mafia.

topical/categorical

The following main points are arranged using _____________ design/organizational pattern. I. One way to tour the Grand Canyon is by horseback. II. A second way to tour the Grand Canyon is by helicopter. III. A third way to tour the Grand Canyon is by hiking.

topical/categorical

What do effective speakers use to demonstrate to their listeners that they are finished with one point or part of their speeches, and moving onto the next?

transitions

Using personal stories or examples in a speech suggests that you have

unique insights on the topic

A tentative plan illustrating the pattern of your main and supporting points is called a

working outline which will ultimately become the formal outline

If you make no effort to acquire responsible knowledge, you are telling your audience that

you don't have much to offer and you really don't care.

Principles of Color -Color schemes

§Analogous- similar or adjacent on spectrum -Shows differences while suggesting compatibility §Complementary- opposite on spectrum -Suggests tension and opposition §Monochromatic -variations of a single color -Suggests variety within unity

Principles of Design -Simplicity

§Focus on single idea or set of information §Avoid cramming too much into a single aid

Principles of Design -Balance

§Plot center points and use margins §Use white space for framing and focus

Principles of Design -Visibility

§Should be easy to see, read, or hear §Use an appropriate font size and legible typeface §Use strong colors to project text and images

Principles of Design continued -Emphasis

§To convey your most important ideas and information Avoid irrelevant materials and details