Public Speaking MidTerm

What suggestion presented in your textbook for using statistics is followed in the following speech excerpt? If it seems as if you spend a lot of time going back and forth from your job, it's probably because you do. According to figures compiled by management consultant Jeff Davidson, the average American commutes 157,600 miles to and from work during his or her working life. That's equal to driving six times around Earth.

All of these answers are correct: Use statistics to quantify ideas; Relate statistics to the audience; Identify the source of statistics.

According to your textbook, which of the following would be an effective backup plan for a real-time online speech?

All the answers are correct: Reschedule the speech once the technical problems are resolved; Distribute an outline of your speech via email; Share a text of your speech through a document collaboration program such as Google Docs.

Which of the following are included in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking?

Be honest in what you say, be fully prepared for each speech, and make sure your goals are ethically sound.

According to your textbook, when quoting an Internet document during a speech, a speaker should identify the

Both author of the document if the author's name is known and organization responsible for the document if the author's name is not known.

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?

It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?

It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

Many movie special effects are created with computer-generated graphics.

Which of the following statements about online public speaking is true?

Online audiences have more sources of distraction than do in-person audiences.

Ryan located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. He copied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Which of the following statements best describes Ryan's situation?

Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.

All of the following are basic objectives of a speech introduction except

Support your main points.

Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions?

Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism.

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

The ancestry of the domestic dog can be directly traced to the wolf.

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

There are three major causes of migraine headaches.

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of using visual aids in a public speech?

a and c only: Using visual aids enhances the clarity of the speaker's message; Using visual aids can help combat the speaker's stage fright.

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a and c only: a business manager reporting on next year's budget; a teacher lecturing about methods of speech organization.

As explained in your textbook, public speakers have an ethical obligation to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language because such language

a and c only: demeans the dignity of the groups or individuals being attacked; undermines the right of all groups in the U.S. to express their ideas.

If you were discussing statistical trends in a speech, what kind of visual aid would probably work best to clarify the trends for listeners?

a graph

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents

Which of the following is inappropriate in a speech to inform?

advocating.

According to your textbook, when you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material

after the speech.

According to your textbook, the best time to work out the exact wording of a speech introduction is

after you prepare the body of the speech.

What does your textbook say about speech dialects?

all of the above: Most languages have dialects; Dialects are usually based on regional or ethnic speech patterns; No dialect is inherently better or worse than another dialect.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?

all of the above: Visualize yourself giving a successful speech; Concentrate on communicating with the audience, rather than on your nerves; Choose a topic you care about and prepare thoroughly for the speech.

When using visual aids in a speech, you should

all of the above: display visual aids only while discussing them; maintain eye contact with listeners when showing visual aids; avoid passing visual aids among the audience.

Many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include

all of the above: organizing your thoughts logically; tailoring your message to your audience; adapting to listener feedback.

Audience analysis is an important factor in which of the following?

all of the above: selecting a topic; organizing the speech; choosing supporting materials

As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when

all of the above: selecting the topic for your speech; researching your speech; organizing your speech.

When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually

all of the above:the main points to be discussed in the body; gain the attention and interest of your audience; establish your credibility on the speech topic.

Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for online speaking?

all the answers are correct: Control the visual environment; Adjust your pacing; Adapt your nonverbal communication.

Which of the following are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment for an online speech?

all the answers are correct: framing; personal appearance; lighting

A(n) __________ is most appropriate in the conclusion of a persuasive speech.

appeal to action

According to your textbook, when quoting an Internet document during a speech, a speaker should usually identify the

author or sponsoring organization responsible for the document.

When using statistics in a speech, you should usually

avoid using too many statistics.

The main value of using expert testimony in a speech is to

build the credibility of speakers who are not experts on their topics.

"The laser is a highly versatile instrument with important uses in medicine, industry, and art" is an example of a

central idea.

"The three main methods of harvesting trees in professional logging are selective cutting, clear cutting, and row thinning" is an example of a

central idea.

"The value of a classic car is determined by its condition, its rarity, and its desirability to collectors" is an example of a

central idea.

If your specific purpose were "To inform my audience of the major steps in an effective job interview," you would probably organize your speech in __________ order.

chronological

Informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in __________ order.

chronological or topical

Speeches about __________ are often more complex than other types of informative speeches.

concepts.

According to your textbook, a speaking outline

contains delivery cues for the speaker.

One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age; religion; racial, ethnic, and cultural background; gender and sexual orientation; and group membership. According to your textbook, what is this called?

demographic audience analysis

According to your textbook, when people in one region of the country say "warter," while people in another region of the country say "water," the difference is a matter of

dialect.

When taking research notes, you should

distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.

According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with human issues of right and wrong is termed

ethics.

Sosuke is from Japan and has decided to give his informative speech on Japanese marriage customs. Because he will be getting married back home the next summer, he is very excited about the topic. He is concerned, however, that his classmates, all of whom are from the United States, may think he is saying that marriage traditions in Japan are better than those in the United States. Sosuke's concern indicates that he is sensitive to the problem of

ethnocentrism.

The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called

ethnocentrism.

According to your textbook, if you quoted Harvard business professor John B. Matthews on the strengths and weaknesses of U.S. business schools, you would be using ________ testimony.

expert

A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) __________ speech.

extemporaneous

As you present your speech, you notice that many of your listeners have interested looks on their faces and are nodding their heads in agreement with your ideas. According to your textbook, these reactions by your listeners are called

feedback.

As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more

formal

According to your textbook, what is the most important early step in the process of developing a successful speech?

formulating the specific purpose.

As you listen to a speech about campus crime, you relate the speaker's ideas to your own knowledge, goals, and experience. According to your textbook, you are filtering the speech through your own

frame of reference.

As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners.

Referring back to your introduction in the conclusion of your speech is recommended as a way to

give the speech psychological unity.

Jeff began his speech by saying: Imagine that you are on a deserted islandpalm trees sway in the breeze, the warm sun is on your face, and the smell of tropical flowers is in the air. Suddenly, the sound of distant drums breaks your euphoria. What do you dopanic? What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation? What kind of supporting material did Jeff use in his introduction?

hypothetical example

According to your textbook, an imaginary story that makes a general point is called a(n)

hypothetical example.

The main points in a preparation outline are

identified by Roman numerals.

According to your textbook, the __________ speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation.

impromptu

According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when the speech as a whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit for particular quotations and paraphrases.

incremental

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice are called

inflections.

When the general purpose of your speech is to _________, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.

inform

Concern by a listener about an upcoming job interview, the lack of air conditioning, or a toothache are all examples of __________ in the speech communication process.

interference

What, according to your textbook, is the term for anything that impedes the communication of a message?

interference

According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective?In discussing the problem of childhood asthma, we shall look at the symptoms of the disease, its causes, and current treatments.

internal preview.

According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?

knowledge, interest, and attitude

The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook are

listen attentively, avoid prejudging the speaker, and support free speech.

The fact that audiences are egocentric means that

listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them.

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else is termed the

message.

According to your textbook, when is it appropriate to cite an abstract of a magazine or journal article in your speech rather than locating and reading the full article?

never.

When taking research notes, you should

none of the above: put all notes from each source on a single index card or sheet of paper; record notes only when you're sure you'll use the information in your speech; take all notes as direct quotations.

As your textbook explains, a questionnaire item that gives the respondent the widest freedom in answering is called a(n)

open-ended question.

According to your textbook, if you quoted Juanita Washington, a resident of New Orleans, on the psychological effects of Hurricane Katrina, you would be using ________ testimony.

peer.

When the general purpose of your speech is to __________ you act primarily as an advocate.

persuade

The relative highness or lowness of sounds produced by the human voice is called

pitch.

According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into

positive nervousness.

If the following transition were used in a persuasive speech, the speech would most likely be organized in __________ order.Now that I've told you about declining voter involvement in this country, let's look at what we can do about it.

problem-solution

As explained in your textbook, "To inform my audience how to make genuine French croissants" is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)

process

As explained in your textbook, a __________ is a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.

process

The major advantage of using fixed-alternative questions in an audience analysis questionnaire is that they

produce clear, unambiguous answers.

According to your textbook, saying "pas-ghetti" instead of "spaghetti" is an error in

pronunciation.

The main value of using statistics in a speech is to

quantify the speaker's ideas.

According to your textbook, the three criteria for judging the reliability of research documents located on the Internet are authorship, sponsorship, and

recency.

The two major kinds of online speeches discussed in your textbook are

recorded speeches and real-time speeches.

The conclusion of a speech is an appropriate time to

reinforce your listeners' commitment to the central idea..

If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn the strength of your listeners' attitudes for or against animal research, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask?

scale question

When making up an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use __________ questions to get at the strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings.

scale.

If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the different layers of the atmosphere," you would probably organize your speech in __________ order.

spatial

Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the major geographical regions of the Philippines?"

spatial

"To inform my audience about the three basic steps in preventive medicine" is an example of a

specific purpose.

According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a person

takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own.

In an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n)

teacher

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

the audience's attitude toward the topic

As defined in your textbook, the visual environment of an online speech refers to

the onscreen elements seen by the audience.

Informative speeches about concepts are usually arranged in __________ order.

topical

Which organizational pattern is used in a speech with the following the main points?I. Soda lime glass is used in almost all ordinary glass products.II. Lead crystal glass is used mostly for luxury glass products.III. Heat resistant glass is used for cooking and scientific products.

topical

Words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving on to another are called

transitions.

As explained in your textbook, when giving an informative speech, you should take special care to

translate technical information into everyday language.

If you can't identify the author of a document on the Internet, your textbook recommends that you

try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document.

According to your textbook, "uh," "er," "um," and similar expressions in a public speech are referred to as

vocalized pauses.