Public Speaking Midterm
Jose is giving a speech about safer sex at a middle school, a high school, and a college, all in the same day. Although his facts and sources remain consistent, he modifies the contents and delivery of his speech for each group. Which element of public speaking is Jose considering here? a. context b. channel c. feedback d. audience e. noise
audience
A presentation outline helps to keep you focused during the initial planning stages of developing your speech. True or False?
False
During a panel discussion, participants are expected to deliver impromptu, or unplanned and unprepared speeches about a particular subject. True or False?
False
Ethical issues for public speakers and audiences have become less complicated due to the accessibility of information available. True or False?
False
Every speech has one overall general purpose: to inform, to persuade, or to educate. True or False?
False
If others speak before you on the day of your speech, it is a good idea to review your notes while others are presenting. True or False?
False
It is useful to include as many of the ideas about your topic as you can in your working outline. True or False?
False
It is usually a bad idea to choose a topic that you know little about, even if the topic interests you. True or False?
False
Speeches of introduction require little preparation or planning because they are relatively insignificant compared to the main speaker or event that is being introduced. True or False?
False
The "five arts of public speaking" identified by Cicero are not relevant to public speaking in a digital age. True or False?
False
The demands made on speakers have decreased in the last decade due to the development of presentational media that can captivate audiences' attention. True or False?
False
The more you care about your topic, the more likely you are to be nervous. True or False?
False
To use visualization to decrease speech anxiety, you should imagine the worst possible scenario that you think could occur so that you can handle it. True or False?
False
Tributes and eulogies should always be delivered from a manuscript. True or False?
False
Which type of outline limits main points to short phrases and may be revised during the research process? a. complete sentence b. key word c. organizational d. working e. presentation
Working
What type of speaking does not have a true audience? a. an after-dinner speech b. a round-table discussion c. a panel discussion d. a nomination e. a eulogy
a round-table discussion
A(n) ________________ is a presentation of a group project prepared by all members but delivered by a single member of the group.
Oral Report
Which of the following represents a possible thesis for a speech about household pets? a. Poodles are a popular dog breed in the United States. b. Poodles are good pets but monkeys are difficult to keep as pets. c. Poodles are good pets because they are loyal, dependable, and energetic. d. To enlighten my audience about poodles e. To persuade my audience that poodles make good pets.
Poodles are good pets because they are loyal, dependable, and energetic
In order to grab the audience's interest during a presentation about a local farmer's market, a classmate describes the strawberries sold there as "sweet and scrumptious." Which of Cicero's "arts of public speaking" did your classmate attend to in choosing these words? a. arrangement b. invention c. style d. memory e. delivery
Style
In what ways has public speaking changed as a result of the digital age? a. There is greater reliability and authenticity of digital images online. b. Speakers have a wider array of information sources to choose from. c. Speakers must demonstrate greater sincerity and eloquence to convince audiences. d. Speakers have limited delivery options to choose from.
Speakers have a wider array of information sources to choose from
A _________________ statement is a concise statement articulating what the speaker hopes to achieve by giving the speech.
Specific purpose
The ______________ effect lends a speaker to think people observe them more carefully than they actually do.
Spotlight
In a small group presentation referred to as a(n) ________________ , each group member presents a speech on a topic that shares a similar theme with the rest of the group members.
Symposium
Which of the following is most likely to help you relax before a speech? a. skipping the early part of the event and arriving right before your speech b. blocking out any other speakers c. taking deep breaths d. reading your notes while others are speaking e. spending time alone at the event until after your speech
Taking deep breaths
Persuasive speeches aim to change audience members' thinking and to possibly even get audience members to take specific action. True or False?
True
Research shows that brainstorming works best when it is done in several sessions. True or False?
True
Some topics have too few available resources to create a speech. True or False?
True
Story-telling is an important component of public communication because stories are central to human experience. True or False?
True
Students who procrastinate usually experience more speech anxiety than those who prepare their speeches in advance. True or False
True
Taking a public speaking class can help people feel less anxious about speaking in public. True or False?
True
The most important guideline for giving an acceptance speech is to thank the person or organization giving the award. True or False?
True
When delivering a eulogy, it is appropriate to encourage or inspire audiences to take action in addition to expressing emotion. True or False?
True
When you feel butterflies in your stomach before speaking, you can reduce your anxiety by labeling it "excitement" instead of "fear." True or False?
True
The __________________ theory states that when people face unfamiliar situations their level of anxiety increases.
Uncertainty Reduction
_____________________ are small group presentations in which individuals at multiple physical locations interact in real time orally and visually.
Videoconferences
What method for feeling more positive about public speaking is illustrated if you imagine yourself walking up to the podium, speaking to an audience, and receiving a round of applause after your conclusion? a. relabeling b. relaxation c. adaptation d. visualization e. motivation
Visualization
_________________ involves thinking through the sequence of events and imagining how the event will unfold positively.
Visualization
If you are nervous about the opinion the audience will form of you, what question should you ask yourself? a. What am I able to do? b. Will the technology work? c. What impression will I make? d. How well do I know my topic?
What impression will I make?
Which breathing technique is a useful method for reducing public speaking anxiety? a. meditation breathing b. diaphragmatic breathing c. tension-release breathing d. All of these breathing techniques are helpful. e. None of these breathing techniques are helpful.
All of these breathing techniques are helpful.
Being audience-centered means which of the following is true? a. Speakers must create their speech with listeners in mind. b. Speakers must learn about their audience members. c. Speakers must remember that audience members have access to information and can fact-check the speech. d. Speakers should use stories and visual materials when appropriate to keep the audience's attention. e. All of these statements are true.
All of these statements are true
Which ancient Greek philosopher has had the greatest influence on the teaching of public speaking? a. Cicero b. Aristotle c. Sophists d. Plato e. Socrates
Aristotle
In preparing your speech, you decide to use a cliffhanger story as an attention getter, then share the ending in your conclusion. Which of Cicero's "arts of public speaking" did you attend to? a. style b. memory c. arrangement d. delivery e. invention
Arrangement
The importance of adapting speeches to the specific situation and audience is known as __________________ communication.
Audience-Centered
During a speech introducing a prize-winning novelist to an audience of book-lovers, the speaker told the audience that the novelist had written 10 novels over the past 20 years. The introductory speaker was embarrassed later to learn that the speaker had just finished her eleventh novel earlier that spring. What guideline for making speeches of introduction did this speaker overlook? a. Prepare the audience for the main speaker. b. Keep remarks brief. c. Connect with the audience. d. Create a positive response with listeners. e. Be accurate and up-to-date.
Be accurate and up-to-date
_______________ refers to a free-form way of generating ideas for a speech.
Brainstorming
If someone decides to show a video clip during a presentation to illustrate a main point in a speech, what element of the current model of communication does the video clip represent? a. audience b. channel c. message d. noise e. speaker
Channel
A ___________________ outline puts all of the key parts of the speech together and guides you through making the presentation notes.
Complete-sentence
Spheres of communication—mass media, face-to-face, expressive technology, and mediated personal communication—are distinct in form and function, but people act within multiple spheres at the same time. This overlap is called _________________ .
Convergence
A speaker's _____________ refers to how much an audience views the speaker as friendly, competent, and trustworthy.
Credibility
Imagine that during a presentation, you begin to feel nervous. As you feel nervous, you start to ask yourself whether you might have done something wrong to cause your anxiety. What strategy for managing speech anxiety have you forgotten at this point? a. Listen carefully to audience questions. b. Focus on yourself, not on your audience. c. Expect to be rid of speech anxiety over time. d. Never comment on your speech anxiety. e. Don't overanalyze your anxiety.
Don't overanalyze your anxiety
A(n) ________________ is a very brief presentation explaining who a person is, what his or her qualifications are, and what she or he seeks to do professionally.
Elevator Speech
Which of the following is NOT a guideline for giving an acceptance speech? a. Emphasize your accomplishments. b. Keep remarks succinct. c. Thank the presenter, organization, and audience. d. Discuss the work that you did to win the award. e. Provide a personal narrative relevant to the occasion.
Emphasize your accomplishments
Mass media is the most interactive sphere of communication activity. True or False?
False
Memorizing your entire speech is a good strategy for reducing public speaking anxiety. True or False?
False
Most Americans never use the skills learned in a public speaking class outside of a classroom setting. True or False?
False
Most audience members will continue to listen to a speech even if it does not seem relevant to them. True or False?
False
On the day of your speech, it is a good idea to avoid using your voice before your presentation. True or False?
False
Once you have identified your thesis, you should not change it as you research your topic. True or False?
False
Public speaking is a unique form of communication unlike everyday speaking contexts such as those in the classroom or workplace. True or False?
False
When giving a presentation about a group project, each individual should emphasize her or his part in the project. True or False?
False
When giving a toast, the person speaking and the person being toasted should both stand. True or False?
False
When you brainstorm for topic development you list ideas into two categories: major points and minor points. True or False?
False
The _______________ occurs when we believe that speech anxiety is more noticeable to the audience than it really is.
Illusion of transparency
If a speech has ___________________ , that means the ideas that make up any main heading or subheading have a logical relationship to one another.
Internal Consistency
___________________ breathing involves breathing with your diaphragm and paying attention to the entire process of breathing.
Meditative
To listen ____________,listeners must give speakers their full attention so that others do the same for them in return.
Reciprocally
Imagine that your friend tells you that she knows she is going to "bomb" her presentation; you tell her that you believe she will "wow" the crowd. Which form of speech anxiety management did you use to help your friend feel more positive about her speech? a. adaptation b. motivation c. visualization d. relabeling e. relaxation
Relabeling
The method of managing speech anxiety known as _______________ involves giving positive meaning to feelings associated with public speaking.
Relabeling
If you do breathing exercises that enable individuals to identify and relax particular muscle areas one at a time, you are employing which of the following forms of speech anxiety management? a. relabeling b. visualization c. motivation d. adaptation e. relaxation
Relaxation
Imagine that a classmate has chosen to speak about a rare art form that she knows little about. Little has been written about the topic and the rest of the class is eager to learn about it. What consideration might influence your classmate to choose a different topic? a. the speaker's interest b. the audience c. the setting d. resource availability e. time limits
Resource Availability
Public speaking was called ______________ when studied by Aristotle.
Rhetoric
A(n) _______________ is a funny but good-natured teasing of a guest of honor at an event.
Roast
Check My Work Which form of small group presentation would be most appropriate if the chamber of commerce wanted to facilitate conversations between area business leaders? a. oral report b. round-table discussion c. forum d. symposium e. panel discussion
Round-table discussion
A ______________ sums up the core of the speech in a single sentence.
Thesis
A photograph or other image may be a useful resource for generating ideas for a speech topic. True or False?
True
A public speaking course can help sharpen your listening skills. True or False?
True
Audience members of videoconferencing focus more attention on audio than video. True or False?
True
Before giving a speech of introduction, it is appropriate to interview the main speaker to get up-to-date and accurate information about them. True or False?
True
Even good speakers may experience speech anxiety. True or False?
True
Except for very special circumstances, speakers giving after-dinner speeches should not use presentation media. True or False?
True
It is natural, normal, and beneficial to feel somewhat nervous when speaking in public. True or False?
True
Memorizing your introduction and conclusion is a good strategy for reducing public speaking anxiety. True or False?
True
Your group is presenting about the stages of grief after the death of a loved one. Your group meets, each group member chooses a stage, and then you each develop and present your step of the grief process individually. This is an example of what format of group speaking? a. a panel discussion b. a symposium c. an oral report d. a round-table discussion e. a forum
a symposium
Which of the following is NOT a guideline for appropriate behavior for a videoconferencing presentation? a. Arrive or set up equipment early. b. Avoid touching the mute button on your microphone. c. Avoid excessive movement. d. Avoid extraneous noises. e. Have all your notes and speaking materials ready.
avoid touching the mute button on your microphone
Which of the following topics is the least appropriate for an after-dinner speech? a. favorite dog breeds in the United States b. children who have done the most to improve their communities c. famous stunt devils from around the world d. the most influential world leaders e. cancer rates among children in the United States
cancer rates among children in the United States
Check My Work Group members who fail to use the pronouns "we, our, and us" and instead refer to "I and they" demonstrate weakness in which area for assessing the coherence of a group presentation? a. coordinated presentation b. preparation as a group c. effective listening d. goal achievement e. clear references to the group
clear references to the group
What kind of outline assists you in practicing and delivering your speech after your research and initial planning are finished? a. brainstorming b. key-word c. presentation d. working e. complete-sentence
complete sentence
Imagine that a woman is giving a nomination speech for her husband as the president of her children's Parent Teacher Association. If this woman tells the audience, "I nominate my husband, Tom Brown, for PTA president. I've been married to this man for 15 years, and he has been a dedicated father and husband, so please give him your support. Thank you." What guidelines for delivering a nomination speech did this speaker forget? a. Keep it brief. b. Accurately identify the nominee. c. Express confidence in how the nominee will perform on the job. d. Personalize the candidate. e. Ask for the group's support.
express confidence in how the nominee will perform on the job
After you brainstorm and research ideas for main points of your speech, what should you do next? a. group the ideas by theme b. change your topic to one of the ideas c. expand on each idea d. eliminate any ideas that you know little about e. organize the ideas from most to least relevant
group the ideas by theme
The process of _______________ involves familiarizing yourself with a fearful situation so that you may become comfortable with it.
habituation
After a presentation you realize that you were most comfortable when you observed audience members in the front row nodding their heads in reaction to your speech. Which strategy for managing anxiety after a presentation did you use? a. reinforcing your positive attitude b. recognizing speech anxiety can occur after a speech is over c. listening carefully to audience questions d. developing a plan for managing future speech anxiety e. identifying useful strategies for managing speech anxiety
identifying useful strategies for managing speech anxiety
Transferable skills learned in public speaking include all of the following EXCEPT: a. knowing how to evaluate sources of information. b. knowing how to be a better listener. c. knowing how to be mindful of communication situations. d. learning how to convince audiences with little advance preparation. e. organizing ideas effectively.
learning how to convince audiences with little advance preparation
Which form of small group presentation involves a facilitator who asks questions to direct group interaction in front of an audience? a. round-table discussion b. forum c. symposium d. oral report e. panel discussion
panel discussion
Imagine that in order to encourage audiences to donate money to a local animal shelter, one of your classmates shows several photographs of puppies that were abandoned by their owners. By encouraging audiences to feel sorry for these dogs, which type of rhetorical proof did your classmate use? a. ethos b. mythos c. logos d. pathos e. kairos
pathos
If you begin to feel nervous in the middle of a speech, which of the following strategies might help you reduce your nervousness? a. apologizing to the audience for mistakes during your presentation b. exploring reasons for why you are feeling nervous c. relabeling your feelings as a positive source of energy d. shifting your eye contact away from audience members e. focusing on getting rid of your anxiety
relabeling your feelings as a positive source of energy
What kind of special occasion speech gives credit, respect, or inspiration to a group or person who has accomplished something significant? a. award presentations b. acceptance speeches c. speeches of nomination d. speeches of tribute e. speeches of introduction
speeches of tribute
Check My Work A speech with the following specific purpose statement, "To inspire my audience with true animal rescue stories," is an example of which type of general purpose? a. to persuade b. to motivate c. to inform d. to enlighten e. to entertain
to entertain
Which of these is an example of a specific purpose statement? a. to inform b. to inform my audience about the three main causes of retail shrink c. Retail shrink, the loss of units and revenue, occurs through theft by employees (which is also called internal shrink), theft by customers (which is also called external shrink), and procedural errors (such as accidentally scanning a box of product twice). d. All of these are specific purpose statements. e. None of these are specific purpose statements Hide Feedback
to inform my audience about the three main causes of retail shrink
Which of the following represents a specific purpose statement? a. to persuade my audience to eat more vegetables b. to persuade my classmates c. the health benefits of vegetables d. to persuade my audience to eat more broccoli and to quit smoking e. to persuade
to persuade my audience to eat more vegetables
After choosing a topic, which of the following is the strongest reason to consider changing that topic? a. you know very little about the topic b. you have too few available resources to research the topic c. the audience knows very little about the topic d. you only have 5 minutes to give the speech e. you are anxious about the speech setting
you have too few available resources to research the topic
