Punishment

D

"Liv, you owe me seven minutes of your recess time because youve been talking to your neighbors instead of working." Liv's teacher notices that she doesn't talk to her neighbors as much. Liv's behavior is explained by: A) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) positive punishment D) negative punishment

C

"Nice work Patty!" Youre really staying on task today. Patty's on task behavior decreases. Patty's behavior is explained by: A) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) positive punishment D) negative punishment

No

5 year old Juan teases and hits his sisters until they cry. His mother scolds him and spanks him each time he teases or hits his sister. Juan immediately stops the behavior in the moment, but he continues to engage in that behavior the next day. Did punishment occur?

Conditioned Punisher

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers. Reinforcer paired with another reinforcer EX: money, toys

Unconditioned Punisher

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus. Biologically inherited ex: pain

Pain Inducing Punishers

A stimulus is presented that activates pain receptors Uncomfortable and Unconditioned Punisher Examples: Spanking Shocks Ammonia Vapor Water spritz Loud or harsh noises

No

Amy takes away IPAD time when her daughter refuses to get out of bed and throws a fit in the morning. She will usually get out of bed when her mom threatens this punishment. She continues to do this at least 3 days a week. Did punishment occur?

D

An abolishing operation: A) makes a reinforcer less potent B) makes a punisher less potent C) is a type of motivating operation D) all of these

A

An establishing operation: A) makes a punisher more potent B) makes a punisher less potent C) makes a reinforcer less potent D) both A and B

Negative Punishment

Behavior of hitting resulted in removal of the opportunity to play with her toys and her friends Positive or Negative Punishment

Positive Punishment

Behavior of looking down while riding resulted in the presentation of a painful stimulus when Ed hit the car. Positive or Negative Punishment

Negative Punishment

Each time Helen got out of her seat the consequence was the removal of a poker chip Positive or Negative Punishment

Time out Guidelines

Find a consistent location Short time duration (1 minutes per year) Minimize the attention while in timeout Use calm, consistent language After a timeout, praise the child for appropriate timeout behavior

Punishment

In a given situation, a person does something that is immediately followed by a punisher, then that person is LESS LIKELY to engage in that behavior the next time he/she encounters a similar situation

D

In negative punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior and the behavior is weakened (less likely to occur in the future) A) provided B) increased C) added D) removed

C

In positive punishment, a stimulus is _______ following the behavior and the behavior is weakened (less likely to occur in the future) A) removed B) reduced C) added D) Both A and B

Nonexclusionary Time out

Introduces a stimulus associated with less reinforcement ex: got in trouble at recess, stand on the wall

Yes!

Is it more effective to attempt to increase a desirable alternative response that will compete with the undesirable behaviors? Determine a "Why?" as to why that individual is engaging in the behaviors. Eliminate the need to want to participate. Strength or intensity of the punishing stimulus -- is a stronger punisher more effective? (No, not always!)

NO! To be punishment, the person must be less likely to be engaged with that behavior in the future

Is it punishment if the behavior is engaged in, in the future?

Positive Punishment

Kevin telling jokes about his wife's cooking resulted in the presentation of an aversive stimulus: an icy stare from his wife Positive or Negative Punishment?

Time Out

Period of time immediately following the behavior in which the person loses the opportunity to earn a reinforcer

Problems with Punishment

Punishment can elicit aggressive behaviors It can produce undesirable emotional side effects crying, fearfulness) May cause the situation or people associated with the punishment to become conditioned punishers Punishment DOES NOT teach a new behavior Children may imitate adults Effect may not maintain when punisher is removed

C

Punishment is the process in which a behavior is ______ by the immediate consequence that reliably follows its occurrence. A) strengthened B) increased C) decreased D) both A and B

Positive Punishment

Reading while driving was immediately followed by the occurrence of an accident Positive or Negative Punishment

Response Cost

Removal of a specified amount of reinforcer immediately following a behavior; only taking a specific amount NOT the whole thing! Example: Taking a token for problem behaviors Library fines Speeding tickets Overdraft fees Factors influencing the effectiveness of punishment

Negative Punishment

Running the lawn mower over the hose resulted in a lose of money Positive or Negative Punishment

C

Ryan drove the family car when he went out with his friends on the weekends. He started coming home late (after his curfew). The next time he came home late, his parents didnt let him drive the car for a week. As a result, he quit coming home late. This is an example of: A) positive reinforcement B) positive punishment C) negative punishment D) extinction

Reprimand

Strong negative statement A fixed stare or A firm grasp Conditioned Punisher or Unconditioned Punisher Examples: that look from a parent

Pain Inducing Punishers Reprimand Time Out Response Cost

Types of Punishers

C

When an aversive stimulus s delivered after a behavior, it __________ the behavior, and when an aversive stimulus is removed after a behavior it ________ the behavior. A) strengthens/weakens B) increases/decreases C) weakens/ strengthens D) none of these

B

While changing a light bulb, Martha stuck her finger in the light socket and got a shock. As a result, she never again put her finder in a light socket. This is an example of: A) positive reinforcement B) positive punishment C) negative punishment D) extinction

A

______ is a consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur in the future. A) punisher B) aversive stimulus C) reinforcer D) both A and B

A

_______ is a stimulus that became a punisher by being paired with an unconditioned punisher or conditioned punisher A) conditioned punisher B) conditioned reinforcer C) unconditioned punisher D) unconditioned reinforcer

Punisher

a stimulus whose presentation immediately after a behavior occurs causes it to decrease in frequency

Positive Punishment

adding or applying an aversive stimulus to decrease the likeliness of a behavior

Exclusionary Time out

removal of the person from the reinforcing situation

Negative Punishment

the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring take away something of value