PY 212 Test 1 Review

The messages that contemporary society sends adolescents are:

unclear and inconsistent.

Up until about eight weeks after conception, the human brain is ______ until it is exposed to certain hormones.

A. feminine

Of all the developments that take place during the second decade of life, the only one that is truly inevitable is:

A. puberty.

When levels of _____ and _____ fall below the set points, the _____ stops inhibiting the pituitary gland, thus permitting it to stimulate the release of sex hormones by the gonads.

C. androgens; estrogens; hypothalamus

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except

D. increases in intellectual functioning.

One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of grey and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true?

Grey matter decreases while white matter increases.

Before industrialization, the term youth referred to:

ages 12-24.

Among those who study adolescence, an inventionist is one who:

argues that adolescence as a period in the life cycle is mainly a social invention.

Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style?

authoritative

The recall of personally meaningful past events is known as

autobiographical memory.

Which term below allows individuals to suspend their beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract?

hypothetical thinking

John is a junior in high school. Although he is sociable, he feels very self-conscious. He feels as if everyone is evaluating him. David Elkind refers to this loss of perspective in adolescence as:

imaginary audience.

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

increased imagination

Max tells his friends that his mother is a "real marshmallow" who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max's statement is true, his mother is best characterized as:

indulgent.

One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is:

myelination.

Today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ______ longer.

puberty; school

According to the textbook, the sex difference in athletic performance during early adolescence results from all of the following except:

self-confidence.

The idea that an individual's behavior is influenced by other's expectations for them is a description of

self-fulfilling.

The fact that most books for parents of teenagers tend to focus on the problems instead of normative development is concerning because:

the more parents believe in the stereotypes, the worse their relationships with their teenagers become.

t the time of peak height velocity, adolescents grow at about the same rate as:

toddlers

In the 19th century, what distinguished children from adults?

whether they owned property

Which of the following is not one of the areas of fundamental change in adolescence?

conceptual

One discrepancy in the way that society treats adolescents is that courts have ruled that teenagers have the right to obtain ________; however, the courts have also upheld laws forbidding adolescence to obtain _____.

contraceptives; cigarettes or vulgar magazines

For which of the following scenarios would Amy, an older adolescent, be most likely to accept her parents' rules?

All of these situations are scenarios where Amy will feel that her parents' have a legitimate right to make (and enforce) rules.

Theresa has been known to go on eating binges and then purge immediately afterward. Theresa is probably suffering from:

B. bulimia.

In America, early-maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to:

B. have a more negative self-image.

The average girl in the United States reaches _________, the time of her first menstrual period, sometime between the ages of 12 and 15.

B. menarche

Molly's breasts are beginning to develop, she is beginning to grow pubic hair, her skin is becoming more oily, and her body is growing rapidly. These changes are brought about by the secretion of _____ by the _____.

C. estrogen and androgens; ovaries

Michelle is in late adolescence. She excels in school, holds an after-school job, and participates in community service projects on the weekends. Michelle also has lots of friends at school. Her parents most likely use which parenting style?

authoritative

The tensions that are often assumed to be inherent in the relations between adolescents and adults are referred to as the:

generation gap

Adolescents who are convicted of crimes become part of the _________ justice system, whereas adults convicted of the same crimes are part of the ________ justice system.

juvenile; criminal

Initiation ceremonies for young women in traditional societies most often coincide with:

menarche.

The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called:

metacognition

Authoritative parents value all of the following, except:

obedience

Mai can understand the metaphor, "My heart is an open book," because she is able to focus on the:

observable features of the objects.

When it comes to matters like religion, adolescents are more likely to be influenced by _____ over _____

parents; friends

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called:

personal fable.

Felicia is very warm and accepting to both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are:

responsive and demanding.

The growth of _____ during adolescence is directly related to an improved ability to think abstractly.

social cognition

Kaji, a 16-year-old male, has gone through the rite of passage and is now considered a warrior by his tribesmen. This change in Kaji's role and status may be referred to as:

social redefinition