Python syntax

Concatenate "hello" and "there"

"".join(["hello", "there"])

"Hi [name], my favorite color is [color]" - format

"Hi {0}, my favorite color is {1}".format("Kara", "blue")

String interpolation syntax - "Hi, #{name}"

"Hi, %s" % (name)

Push to the end of a list

.append()

String method to convert to lowercase

.lower()

String method to convert to uppercase

.upper()

Tuple

Immutable sequence of arbitrary objects. Like a list, but cannot add or change. Often used for multiple return values.

Variable for module's name

__name__

Switch values of a and b

a,b = b,a

&& operator

and

Rewrite border("Hello there", "*") to rearrange argument order (first argument is message, second is border)

border(border="*", message="Hello there")

Set default argument b to 5

def someFunction(b=5):

Object

dict

For loop syntax

for color in colors: (indent) print(color)

Iterate over keys and values in colors dict

for key, value in colors.items():

Get current time

from datetime import datetime datetime.now()

Import fetch_words and print_words from words.py

from words import (fetch_words, print_words)

Import all functions from words.py

from words import *

Check if runtime context is script or module

if __name__ is "__main__":

Control state syntax

if something: elif something: else something

Import module in repl (words.py)

import words

Break up "en-ca" by the hyphen. Save as language and country

language, country = "en-ca".partition("-")

Function to get length of string

len()

Array

list

Create an array of numbers 0 to 10, by twos

list(range(0,12,2))

! operator

not

order of ops between and, not, or

not, and, or

|| operator

or

is vs ==

p = [1,2] q = [1,2] p == q --> true p is q --> false

Create a new set

p = set()

Create new tuple "t" with one item - "hi"

t = ("hi",)

Set

unordered collection of immutable objects p = {10, 20, 30}

Create a new list

x = []

Create a new dict

x = {}

Copy a list "x" using slicing

x[:]