quality final study guide

Define feedback.

- Receivers are not just passive absorbers of messages; they receive the message and respond to them. The modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects.

List the information contained in a histogram.

. A histogram contains information about a data set grouped into classes

Explain what is meant by "scientific method".

. A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.

. List five ways people communicate with each other.

1. Facial Expressions, gestures, with technology, writing, body language, and listening are all forms of communicating with one another.

Explain what a pie chart graphically represents.

1. Pie charts graphically represent percentage data and proportion amounts of quantities.

Explain what process capability reveals about a process.

1. Process capability or capability index (Cp) reveals whether a process (people, materials, machines, and methods) can meet product specifications and how effectively it can meet those specifications.

Explain the usefulness of SPC charts.

1. SPC charts and associated problem-solving techniques provide a picture of the performance of a process. This picture can be analyzed to detect an incipient problem and make a correction before a process produces off-specification product.

What are four costs of quality.

1. prevention costs 2. appraisal costs 3. internal failure costs 4. external failure costs

What are the four categories of work?

value added work, unnecessary work, necessary work, and not working

What are the four examples of preventive quality cost

- Quality planning - Supplier capability - Validation of lab processes - Preventative maintenance - Work process training - Quality management system - Quality improvement activities product reviews new

Explain how competition drives an economic system.

. Competition drives an economic system with because of innovation and new products that companies are always competing and without competition there would be no economic growth and the econmy would suffer.

The flowchart to reveals.

. Identify potential trouble spots, redundancies, and unnecessary complexities.

Explain what a non-normally distributed population reveals.

. If the data are not normally distributed, a tool called the central limit theorem allows the statistician to obtain a normal distribution. It reveals that there are subgroups averages that still need to be figured out.

The Run chart to reveals.

. Organizing and analyzing data and identifying the root cause of a problem.

List the guidelines for written communication.

. Proofread, focus on simplicity of your writing don't make it to complex, avoid complex words that only you could understand, be specific and don't go off topic, avoid gender language, and choose the most comfortable way for you to communicate like don't use text message if your unfamiliar with it.

Monitoring and minimizing the important variables in a process is the goal of_

. Statistical Process Control

Define standard deviation.

. The standard deviation is the measure of the dispersion of observed values from the mean.

List some problems solved by process capability studies.

. Too many defects by operations, Product unstable or drifting, Wrong distribution, Bad material entering the process, too many adjustments

Ultimately, only _________ pay revenue to a company."

. Ultimately, only External customers pay revenue to a company.

Define variation.

. Variation-a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.

"Explain how external customers determine value-added costs."

."External customers determine value added because they pay the revenue to the company.

Explain how data and statistics make changes easier.

1. Data and statistics make changes easier because the information is presented in a clearer way that makes it easier to understand.

Explain why personal Effectiveness is importing to the individual.

1. Employees are responsible for their productivity, response time, quality, cost control, and customer service should all show steady gains.

) Explain the necessity of control charts for process improvement.

14. Manufacturers can only meet the their objectives of overcoming cause and counteracting the effects of entropy by using process control charts, which track and measure variation on a continuous basis. If they don't use control charts they will produce nonconforming product.

The cause and effect diagram is used for ___

2. Cause and effect Diagrams are used to understand a relationship between an effect and its causes, and also helps with problem solving.

List five advantages of SPC.

2. Improved product quality, Increased quality consciousness, Cost reduction, Data-based decisions, Predictable processes.

Describe how you could increase your value as a process operator.

2. To increase your value you must add value to the company by contributing more than the cost.

The histogram is used for

3. Histograms are used for giving a clear picture for data distribution that would be hard to see otherwise.

The pareto chart is used for

4. Pareto char t is used for ranking information from most serious to least serious.

Describe why resisting change is futile for employees.

4. Resistance to change is futile because all it causes is stress which can lead to a poor outcome in your working environment it is better to be positive about change because than you can easily adapt it to your work environment.

What is meant by continuous improvement?

5. It means to continue to improve on products, services, and processes. Kaizen means continuous improvement

Explain the usefulness of the control chart.

5. The usefulness of control charts is that it can monitor and control performance and stability of a particular process.

. Give three reasons why employees should develop their talents.

6. The three reasons are to make your work process more successful, Protect your job by adding value, and to be recognized as a problem solver. Developing your talents helps with having job security and financial stability.

List four needs employees required to excel at their jobs.

7. Personal contribution, Personal worth, Personal self-esteem, and economic security are what employee needs to excel at their jobs.

Explain how leaders promote and organizational mission and vision.

8. Leaders promote an organization mission and vision by promoting the company purpose, goals, and values to the customers so that they can be better informed about the organization.

List four economic issues that all national leaders face.

Inflation, unemployment, economic growth, and taxation are what national leaders face.

List four organizational aspects of a human relations system.

9. Managing employee relations, recruitment, orientation, maintain good work condition for employees, and lastly training and developing for the company.

Describe the difference between a customer and a supplier."

A customer is someone who buys the product and a supplier is someone who supplies the product.

Explain why process capability studies are conducted.

Because these studies provide a method for analyzing and changing distributions. They show the many different forms in which similar problems may present themselves.

List two know facts about a process that is in statistical control.

It can be used to assess the capability of the process and provide information to about capability. Control limits are stable and periodically reviewed.

"Explain what is meant by the phrase, "Quality occurs in a system."

It means that only through continuous improvements can quality occur in a system.

Explain why customers have more "power" today and how that power influences companies.

Customers have more power today because of the fact that they can choose what product the want to buy and now with the internet they don't have to buy locally they can choose which company they want to buy from which stimulates competition because companies are constantly designing new products to keep up with consumerism

The check sheet tool reveals.

How often and even happens, Measures the length of the even, Record cost of activity Gather Data, Tell which days are busiest, Count specific problems, Establish a pattern among problems.

List the three barriers to good communication.

Physical barriers, Perception barriers, Cultural barriers, and Gender barriers are all barriers to good communication.

. Explain what information an R chart reveals that an X charts does not.

R chart provides information about the variability of the system and x chart does not

describe the basic difference between Steward and Deming regarding variations.

Steward looked at process variability as being within the limits or outside those limits. Deming believed management has to study the process and by improving products by finding and eliminating the sources charts to pinpoint the sources of variation. As the variation in the process is reduced, the products will start looking alike.

Define the cost of quality. (best answer)

The cost of prevention measures, plus the cost of building conformance to the requirements.

List 5 responsibilities employees have for their own personal effectiveness

The five things are to add value, fix things, manage your morale, do not resist change, and commit to the job.

Discuss the relationship of supply, demand and price.

The relationship between supply, demand, and price is that all of them need to work together for the economy to be good because if there is no supply then there is no demand and the prices will decrease which can hurt the economy.

A scatter diagram tool reveals.

The relationship of a problem and how direct it is.

What are the four examples of failure quality cost?

Unacceptable samples - Downgrading - Rework, repair, retesting, reinspection - Wasted blood components - Downtime,Customer complaints - Report recalls - Misdiagnosis - LawsuitsWasted material, wasted Capital, wasted opportunity and wasted time

Explain the following statement: "The welfare of the worker and the company depend on each other."

Workers are key components of a company and without workers, there is no product or service, and company must reward its workers.

Explain what information an X chart reveals that an R chart does not.

X chart provides information of how average the system is.

A person's willingness to buy goods and services at different prices is called.

demand