question 12

spores

Advantages would be it doesn't take much in the way of energy to produce a spore as opposed to making seeds and fruit. Also you can make lots and lots of spores. On the other hand the survival rate will be much lower than with a reproductive method that includes nutrients and more protection for the offspring.

vascular tissues

advantage is water and nutrients can be transported along the whole plant allowing it to grow taller and larger. a disadvantage would be that there needs to be rain or the plant needs to be close to water in order for water to travel through the vascular system

seeds

an advantage is seeds provide a protective coat and nutrients. The disadvantage of seed production is that it requires energy that could have been used to make the plant grow

syngamy

advantage. more variability as you get genetic info from two diff parents disadvantage is that you need both sperm AND egg to fertilize.

coelem

advantage: Functionally, a coelom can absorb shock or provide a hydrostatic skeleton. It also allows organs to grow independently off the body wall. This can be seen in the digestive tract of earthworms and other annelids disadvantage: takes longer to absorb nutrients as there are more body layers

cephalization

advantage: all important sensory organs and brain are in a location where you can always see a predator coming disadvantage: damage to the head can kill you and all your sensory functions are regulated by the brain in your head.

plasmogamy

advantage: faster than karyogamy disadvantage: less genetic variation

alternation of generations

advantage: crossing-over during meiosis in the formation of spores, and sexual reproduction in the gametophytes, allows for genetic diversity, which also inhibits harmful recessive genes from "surfacing" and being expressed. disadvantage:If a mutation occurs in the gametophyte stage which is haploid (having only one set of chromosomes), the mutation could be lethal or lead to sterility.

hyphae

advantage: mad of chitin, stonger than cellulose in plants disadvantage: takes up most of the fungi's energy

karyogamy

advantage: more genetic variation disadvantage: takes a long time

flowers

advantages: attract pollinators disadvantages: by this same attraction consumers can also identify which plant it is the like to eat