Quiz 1

Research Process

planning, implementing, and dissemination

Dissemination

The act of sharing research methods, results, and conclusions with colleagues, the public, and others.

the discourse community in communication disorders consists of

academic teachers, scientists, practitioners, and students. These individuals comprise the audience for listening, reading, and evaluating research in communication disorders. These members ultimately determine the worth of a research product. for ex. citation rates to measure researchers' success. citation rate is the number of times members of the discourse community reference a particular research product. Another measure of success is the use of the research product in speech-language pathology and audiology practices.

according to the APA publication Manuel research papers should include the following

(a) introduction, (b) method section, (c) results section, (d) discussion section, (e) an abstract, (f) title, (g) list of resources

Planning and implementation phases of research

are relatively private enterprises

Research findings go unreported for one reason or another.

editorial rejections, or editorial censorship, or self- censorship Editorial rejections most often happen due to (1) lack of theoretical significance or some serious limitation in a study's methodology (2) editorial censorship, which may be due to controversial issues. (3) self-censorship occurs when researchers choose not to report their otherwise publishable findings.

Reader expectations are

most apparent at the level of the target units of discourse. They also expect smaller units of discourse, such as sentences of paragraphs, to follow the conventions of discourse.

the five (5) stages of the writing process pg. 293. Ch. 13

(a) prewriting/planning- a time to generate ideas and mentally rehearse the organization and writing of the research product. (b) writing and drafting (c) rewriting and revision (d) editing (e)publication and presentation

researchers disseminate their research products for one or more reasons

(A) to contribute to the scientific foundations of communication disorders (b) to stimulate further research in their area of study (c) to test their results and conclusions within the discourse community.

(4) four specific goals of writing

(1) to inform- present the relevant facts (2) to explain the relevant facts (3) to connect the relevant facts- past and present. (4) to persuade the audience that the authors' explanation is the best explanation from among the plausible alternative explanations. each of these goals is equally important for successfully disseminating research products to the discourse community in communication disorders.

what makes a good writer

(a) concise (b) avoid complex language, (c) enjoy what they do. pg. 292 of ch. 13 article

Many have interest in planning and making new discoveries but loose interests in writing about their research projects

The fallacy is that the discovery process ends when the communication process begins.

self-censorship

is especially troublesome because it raises ethical concerns.

cognitive-process model

more complex in its interactions. it informs us as to the mental strategies of good and poor writers both cognitive and stage process models are interactive in as much as they depict movements back and fourth. They are both valuable in that they help to increase awareness of the writing process and its complexities.

Writing principles based on reader expectations pg. 293 of Ch. 13

(a) grammatical subjects should be as close as possible to their verbs. This is a common structural defect in professional writing. (b) every unit of discourse, small or large, should serve a single function of make a single point. (c) save the most important information for last- information for emphasis should appear at points of syntactic closure. (d)place information in the topic position (beginning of the discourse unit) that establishes a perspective from which the reader can view the whole. (e) place old information in the topic position and new information in the emphasis position. this helps readers to backward link new information to old. the opposite arrangement is a serious problem in American professional writing. (f) link sentences and avoid logical gaps so that each sentence proceeds logically from the last. when old information is missing, readers have to construct the logical link by themselves.

writing

is a social enterprise and a bold attempt to be part of our discourse community.

Thesis

is a special case of writing in communication disorders. it is a well-written analytical essay that addresses a research topic. a good thesis is (a) clearly defined, (b) adequately focused, (c) well supported, and (d) high in the orders of knowledge.

those engaged in research have a duty to report their results in some form or fashion if feasible

not reporting research findings is harmful in that it prevents evaluation of the results.

stage process model of writing

simple and somewhat superficial but useful as a guide because it delinates writing activities.

writing

is a creative process, but instruction and practice help teach the mechanics.It is not a linear process, but a recursive process with endless loops.

subject-verb separation

is a long interruption between the subject and verb in a sentence.

writing

is a recursive process that helps researchers generate new ideas and rethink old notions as they write. The general goal for writing and presenting research in communication disorders is to publish or disseminate research products for review by the discourse community.

Disseminate

to spread widely; to diffuse; to promulgate

citation rates and use in practice are fair measures of success, but no measure of a product's value is obtainable when researchers do not publish or disseminate their results.

when this happens, members of the discourse community have no opportunity to review the results.