Quiz 1

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the adrenals and are mediated by A. cortisol and epinephrine. B. glucagon and testosterone. C. ACTH nd ACH. D. norepinephrine and insulin.

ACTH nd ACH

All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except A. cortisol. B. epinephrine. C. norepinephrine. D. aldosterone.

aldosterone

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of A. secondary prevention. B. tertiary prevention. C. primary prevention. D. disease treatment.

primary prevention

The effect of chronic, long term stress on the immune system A. is unknown. B. may lead to impairment the immune system. C. most often involves enhancement of the immune system. D. has been demonstrated to be non-existent in studies.

may lead to impairment the immune system

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except A. increased peripheral resistance. B. diaphoresis. C. tachycardia. D. pupil constriction.

pupil constriction

Which of the following is not included in Primary disease prevention? A. the goal to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. B. immunization against infectious diseases. C. altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors through education. D. rehabilitation programs.

rehabilitation programs

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? A. Norepinephrine B. Cortisol C. Insulin D. Epinephrine

Insulin

Aldosterone may increase during stress, leading to all of the following except A. increased sodium retention. B. decreased blood pressure. C. decreased urinary output. D. increased blood volume.

decreased blood pressure

The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is A. invoke resting state. B. energy and repair. C. produce exhaustion. D. set a new baseline steady-state.

energy and repair

Which of the following is not associated with socioeconomic factors that influence disease development? A. environmental toxins. B. genetics. C. nutrition. D. overcrowding. E. hygiene.

genetics

CASE STUDY:Marge is a 42-year-old woman who works full time as a legal secretary and has three children, ages 6, 9, and 11 years. She was divorced 6 months ago and relocated to a new school district. Her children are adjusting to school, but Marge has not established any friendships in the neighborhood. She presents in the clinic today with a severe migraine headache that has not responded to her usual dose of ibuprofen. Because stress or allostatic overload is believed to be a significant factor in the etiologic progression of a migraine headache, it may be helpful to suggest that Marge: A. identify precipitating stressors and initiate preventative measures. B. avoid medicating her migraines. C. eliminate stressful situations. D. cope more effectively.

identify precipitating stressors and initiate preventative measures

Chronic activation of stress hormones can lead to all of the following, except A. impaired cognitive function. B. cardiovascular disease. C. improved immune function. D. depression.

improved immune function

Jean is a 28-year-old woman with chronic back pain subsequent to a motor vehicle collision she suffered at age 22. She is currently in the hospital in preparation for back surgery scheduled for the next day. Jean's preoperative laboratory tests show a slightly elevated glucose level. This may be attributed to A. decreased physical activity while in the hospital. B. increased cortisol release in response to stress. C. her normal saline infusion. D. a side effect of her medication.

increased cortisol release in response to stress

A physiologic response to the release of catecholamines during the alarm stage of stress response would be: A. increased gastrointestinal motility B. decreased heart rate C. constriction of the pupils D. increased glycogenolysis

increased glycogenolysis

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage. A. convalescence B. sequela C. latent D. prodromal

latent

Which of the following is an example of a clinical symptom of disease or illness? A. Headache B. Runny nose C. Yellow sputum D. Fever

Headache

Marge is a 42-year-old woman who works full time as a legal secretary and has three children, ages 6, 9, and 11 years. She was divorced 6 months ago and relocated to a new school district. Her children are adjusting to school, but Marge has not established any friendships in the neighborhood. She presents in the clinic today with a severe migraine headache that has not responded to her usual dose of ibuprofen. Marge indicates that she does not think her migraines are a result of stress because her sister is in a much worse life situation than she is and does not get migraines. Which of the following statements is the best reply? A. Perhaps your sister's situation is not as bad as you think it is. B. Migraines are always stress related. C. Perhaps your sister has better coping skills. D. People respond to stressful situations in different ways.

People respond to stressful situations in different ways

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is A. pharyngitis. B. streptococcal infection. C. a sore throat. D. genetic susceptibility.

streptococcal infection

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of A. secondary prevention. B. tertiary prevention. C. disease treatment. D. primary prevention.

tertiary prevention

Jean is a 28-year-old woman with chronic back pain subsequent to a motor vehicle collision she suffered at age 22. She is currently in the hospital in preparation for back surgery scheduled for the next day. Jean reports that she seems to have been experiencing colds more frequently since her back injury 6 years ago. Considering the physiologic effects of allostatic overload/chronic stress, you know that A. the pain medication for her back probably has affected her coping skills. B. the immune system may be compromised. C. excessive secretion of endorphins increases sensitivity to viruses. D. this is unrelated to her chronic stress.

the immune system may be compromised