Quiz 1

Mechanical

It can be defined as time between 1450 and 1840

Electromechanical

It can be defined as time between 1840 and 1940

Premechanical

It can be defined as time between 3000 B.C. And 1450 A.D.

Electronic Controls Company, John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, 1949

-The first computer company -founded by ____ and ____ in ____.

Osborne 1, Osborne Computer Corporation, 1981

-The first protable computer -released by ___ in ___.

Fourth Generation, 1971-today

-The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the internet. -development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

Arithmometer, Thomas de Colmar, 1820

-a mechanical calculator invented by ____ in ____. -the first reliable, useful, and commercially successful calculating machine. -the machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions. -the first mass-produced calculating machine.

Harvard Mark 1, Howard H. Aiken, 1943

-also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC). -the first electro-mechanical computer

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, Charles Babbage, 1822 and 1834.

-automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. -invented by ____ in ____. -it is the first mechanical computer.

Napier's Bones, John Napier, 1614

-invented by ____ in ____. -allowed the operator to multiply, divide, and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

Scheutzian Calculation Engine, Per Georg Scheutz, 1843

-invented by ____ in ____. -based on Charles Babbage's difference engine -the first printing calculator

Slide Rule, William Oughtred, 1622

-invented by ____ in ____. -is based on Napier's idea about logarithms. -used primarily in multiplication-division-roots-logarithms-Trigonometry. -not normally used for addition and subtraction.

Pascaline, Blaise Pascal, 1642

-invented by ____ in ____. -it was its limitation to addition and subtraction -it is too expensive

Stepped Reckoner, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1672

-invented by ____ in ____. -the machine that can add, subtract, multiply, and divide automatically.

Jacquard Loom, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, 1881

-is a mechanical loom, invented by ____ in ____. -it is an automatic loom controlled by punch cards.

Electronic

-is the period of what we currently live in. -It can be defined as time between 1940 up to the present time.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), Professor John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, 1939-1942

-it was first electronic digital computing device -invented by ____ and graduate student ____ at Iowa State University between ___-___.

ENIAC, John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, 1946

-it was the first electronic general-purpose computer -developed by ___ and ___. -completed in year ___.

EDVAC, Von Neumann, 1952

-the first Stored Program Computer -designed by ___ in ___. -it has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.

Z1, Konrad Zuse, 1936-1938

-the first programmable computer -created by ____ in Germany from ___-___ -To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and all output was also generated through punch tape.

Tabulating Machine, Herman Hollerith, 1890

-to assist in summarizing information and accounting.

First Generation, 1946-1958

-used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.

Abacus

-was invented in Babylonia 2400 B.C. -in the form we are most familiar with was first used in China in around 500 B.C. -Used to perform basic arithmetic operations

UNIVAC 1, John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

-was the first commercial computer -designed by ____ and ____.

Fifth generation, today-future

Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

Pre-mechanical, mechanical, electro-mechanical

Basic computing periods - Ages

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

EDVAC stands for

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

ENIAC stands for

Augusta Ada Byron

First computer programmer -suggested Babbage to use Binary System -she had written program for the Analytical Engine.

Tally Sticks, Abacus, Napier's Bone, Slide Rule, Pascaline, Stepped Reckoner, Jacquard Loom, Arithmometer, Difference Engine & Analytical Engine, Scheutzian Calculation Engine, Tabulating Machine, Harvard Mark 1, Z1, Atanasoff-Berry Computer, ENIAC, UNIVAC 1, EDVAC, Osborne 1

History of Computer: Basic Computing Periods

Third Generation, 1965-1970

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Second Generation, 1959-1964

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.

Universal Automatic Computer 1

UNIVAC 1 stands for

Tally sticks

was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, and even messages.

ENIAC

was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.