Quiz 12

How is problem solving different for experts compared to novices?

?

Which of the following defines the term mental set?

A preconceived notion about how to approach a problem.

Kaplan and Simon (1990) found that people were much better at solving the mutilated checkerboard problem

after they had seen the Russian marriage problem and could make an analogy.

In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard. Participants in the ____________ group had the fastest response time.

bread and butter

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder finding the solution to a problem?

candle problem

Sometimes we find that we need to take a break and let our minds wander before we can figure out a solution to a problem. The _____ is active when the mind is wandering and the ______ is active when the mind is focused.

default mode network; executive control network

Creativity is often characterized by

divergent thinking.

Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's inability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was the result of which of the following obstacles?

functional fixedness

The information processing approach to problem solving suggests that problems have which of the following three states?

initial state, intermediate state, goal state

The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the

match box can be used as a shelf.

The Luchins water jug problem involves water jugs that hold three different amounts of water and asks the problem solver to measure out a specified amount. This problem is used as an example of

mental set.

A possible drawback to expertise is ___.

not being able to look at a problem with flexible thinking.

The train-bird problem shown in a presentation was much easier to solve after ________.

restructuring.

Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution prior to the solution of an insight problem and prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.

rise suddenly just; gradually rise

Insight refers to

the sudden realization of a problem's solution.