Quiz 13 Review

Which of the following is the best type of team to have for a research or analysis project?

An interdisciplinary team

Which group protects human subjects as they are involved in research activities?

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Researchers performed a study to examine the association between implementation of a certified outpatient EHR and control of diabetes in patients with the disease. They implemented the EHR system across 17 medical centers and then tested the difference in certain lab tests before and after implementation. They found the EHR improved drug treatment intensity, monitoring, and control for patients with diabetes (Reed et al. 2012). This type of study is called_________.

quasi-experimental

Which type of data incorporates multiple sources from not only healthcare data but also financial, geographical, and human resource data?

Big data

What factors are those characteristics other than the characteristic of interest that may also be related to the disease under study?

Confounding

Which studies are similar to descriptive studies except that they determine if relationship may exist between two variables?

Correlational studies

The difference between the odds ratio and the relative risk is that the odds ratio is an ________ of the risk since the study from which it was taken is based on retrospective data.

Estimate

Which type of qualitative study's focus is on people, culture, and life?

Ethnography

Most HIM research falls under which IRB category of review?

Exempt and expedited

In this experimental study, blood pressure is taken before and after an experimental medication is used as the intervention in a sample of participatns that were previoulsy unable to control their blood pressure with other medications. In this example, the independent variable is the ______ and the dependent variable is the ______.

Experimental medication; blood pressure

If an odds ratio is computed to determine the risk of getting colon cancer if one uses estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and the result is 9, the interpretation of this result for the odds ratio is that someone who takes ERT is approximately 9 times less likely to get colon cancer than someone who does not take ERT.

False

If ordinal or ranked variables are collected, then the Pearson correlation coefficient should be used.

False

The scatter chart below is showing a strong negative relationship between age and income

False

Based on the results of this prospective study, clinicians use many of its finding when treating CVD, since it identified major risk factors of CVD such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, diabetes, and obesity. What is this study called?

Framingham Heart Study

In this type of qualitative research, the researcher codes the data as it is collected and makes memos and observations simultaneously so that at the end of this refining process, the research is used to develop a theory. This type of research is called ____________.

Grounded theory

Healthcare data that is housed within the EHR, or data collected from a case study, a focus group of individuals, or during an interview or survey are all considered what type of data?

Individual data

Incidence is the number of ______ cases of a disease.

New

The graph below is an example of which type of bar chart?

One variable bar chart

Sometimes data do not follow a normal distribution and are pulled toward the tails of the curve. When this occurs, it is referred to as having a skewed distribution. Because the mean is sensitive to extreme values or outliers, it gravitates in the direction of the extreme values thus making a long tail when a distribution is skewed. When the tail is pulled toward the right side, it is called a __________.

Positively skewed distribution

If subjects cannot be correctly categorized into exposed and unexposed groups, the _______ design should not be used.

Prospective

When the data collected for research studies are collated numerically with descriptive, inferential, or predictive statistics, it is normally referred to as a _______.

Quantitative study

This type of data display are excellent ways to organize and categorize data and can be useful to examine the detail of a specific concept, category, or response. What is this type of data display called?

Tables

Correlation does not equal causation

True

The prospective study determines whether the characteristic(s) or risk factor(s) under study truly preceded the disease.

True

When recruiting controls for a case-control study, the more similar the controls are to the cases for everything except the disease under study the better.

True