Quiz 15

Which region of cortex is crucial for face recognition?

Fusiform gyrus

Which of the following is not a defining sign of aphasia?

Hemiplegia

Which area of the avian brain is crucial for song production?

High vocal center (HVC)

Which of the following would not be a likely result of extensive damage to the right fusiform gyrus?

Impairment in recognizing the voices of co-workers.

Song learning in developing songbirds is impaired by lesions of the _______, but lesions in this location have no effect on production of song.

LMAN

Which of the following statements is most true of childhood aphasia?

Language abilities impaired by childhood brain injury are usually restored by adulthood.

An enlargement of which brain region may reflect left-hemisphere language dominance?

Planum temporale

Which of the following attributes does not describe a proposed cognitive mode of the right hemisphere?

Sequential

Which of the following is a feature of birdsong that suggests it is analogous to human speech?

Some birds require early exposure to species-typical birdsong in order to develop their characteristic song.

In most split-brain humans, words presented to the left visual field

cannot be repeated verbally.

Brain regions of nonhuman primates in which electrical stimulation elicits vocalizations seem to be those involved in

defense, attack, feeding, and sex behaviors

The Wada test involves

injection of sodium amytal into the carotid artery.

People with conduction aphasia are unable to

repeat words or sentences.

Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex of monkeys

seldom elicits vocal behavior.

Split-brain patients can easily read and verbally communicate words projected to

the right visual field.

A symptom of aphasia called "paraphasia" is characterized by

the substitution of words by sounds, phonemes, or unintended words.

For a stroke patient, the degree of impairment suffered depends to a large degree on the element of lesion momentum. In general,

there is less impairment when the lesions occur more slowly.

The angular gyrus links the

visual region and Wernicke's area.

In patients with aphasia, the greatest amount of language recovery is likely to be achieved _______ after the episode of brain damage.

within 3 months

Children show evidence of sensitivity to the "rules" of language by the age of _______ months.

7

Birdsong is similar to human speech in that

All of the above

Which of the following is not one of the forms of brain disorders associated with boxing?

All of the above are common in boxers.

Which of the following has not been used for language training in apes?

Braille

A large frontal lesion in the left hemisphere can produce _______ aphasia.

Broca's

A patient who has difficulty speaking but has good comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Broca's

Because chimpanzees seem able to learn a version of American Sign Language, some researchers have concluded that chimps are able to acquire language. Those who disagree, however, offer which of the following criticisms of this conclusion?

Chimpanzees are only imitating the gestures of trainers.

Which of the following best describes the Wernicke-Geschwind model of aphasia?

Connectionist

In ERP studies of normal subjects, it has been found that a grammatically correct sentence containing a word whose meaning does not fit into the sentence provokes a(n) _______ wave from the _______ lobe.

N400; temporal

A patient who produces seemingly fluent but largely unintelligible speech and has poor comprehension of verbal material is most likely suffering from _______ aphasia.

Wernicke's

Which of the following statements best illustrates the motor theory of language?

When we listen to speech, we process sounds using the same neural systems that we use to make the same sounds.

The essential component of the Wada test is

a short-acting anesthetic injected into the carotid artery.

Disturbance in reading is called

alexia.

Apraxia is

an inability to execute a learned sequence of movements.

Phonemes are the

basic sounds of a language.

According to some studies, stroke patients given _______ therapy can show about a 75% return of normal use of a paralyzed arm within a relatively short period of time.

constraint-induced movement

The official term for "punch-drunk" is

dementia pugilistica.

Unusual groupings of cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex have been seen in postmortem studies of

dyslexia.

Song development in canaries and zebra finches depends on

exposure to adult birdsong early in life, during a sensitive period.

Childhood hemispherectomy is often followed by

extensive functional recovery.

Anesthetizing the right hemisphere in a Wada test interferes with a subject's ability to recognize _______ in a picture that is a composite of the subject's face and that of the celebrity.

his or her own face

A left-ear advantage for verbal sounds can be observed

in left-handed individuals

In approximately 65% of people, the planum temporale is larger

in the left hemisphere.

Astereognosia is the

inability to identify objects by touch or manipulation.

At times, aphasic patients may produce nonsensical or word substitutions called

neologisms.

Prosopagnosia is the inability to

recognize faces.

All of the following may aid in stabilization and reorganization after brain damage except

reverse transcription.

Despite popular misconceptions, people with dyslexia have reading problems other than

seeing letters backwards.

Functional imaging of the brains of individuals while they are speaking their native language indicates that

slightly different patterns of activation may be seen among speakers of two or more languages.

Electrical stimulation of Broca's area in humans is most likely to produce

speech arrest.

In monkeys, stimulation of the _______, but not of the _______, causes vocalizations.

subcortical regions; cortex

Wernicke's aphasia is usually associated with lesions of

the left posterior temporal region.

Most neural disorganization in dyslexia (e.g., ectopias) are found in

the planum temporale.

The left visual field is projected to

the right hemisphere.

According to research by Klar and colleagues, what percent of right-handers have a clockwise whorl of hair on the back of the scalp?

93%

Nonverbal visual stimuli are best processed if they are presented to

the left visual field