Quiz 2 Ethics

Written consent would not be required in any of the following situations with the EXCEPTION of: a. An anonymous study that measures the relationship between time spent grocery shopping and money spent on groceries b. An anonymous survey asking whether students want the campus mascot to be changed c. A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior d. An observational study that measures walking speed of people entering and exiting buildings

A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior

Which of the following is NOT an example of coercion? a. A researcher hinting to participants that their employer will be told if they do not participate b. A researcher offering 3 points of extra credit to college students to participate in a study c. A researcher offering homeless participants $1,000 to participate in a study d. All of the above are examples of coercion

A researcher offering 3 points of extra credit to college students to participate in a study

Prior to research being conducted, a research proposal must be submitted for IRB approval in all of the following cases EXCEPT: a. An anonymous survey about attitudes toward college athletics b. A confidential study examining sleep patterns in newborns c. A confidential study examining sexual behavior in mentally handicapped individuals d. All of the above must be approved by an IRB

All of the above must be approved by an IRB

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers? a. Animal researchers are in favor of protecting and even enhancing animal welfare. b. Animal research requires less research funding than human research. c. Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans. d. Animal researchers continue to reduce the number of animals needed for animal research.

Animal research requires less research funding than human research.

Which of the following is the primary goal of debriefing? a. To prevent researchers from being sued b. To give participants insight into the nature of psychological science c. To inform participants about the presence and purpose of deception in a study d. Both b and c

Both b and c

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially? a. Confidential research collects participants' names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants' names. b. Anonymous research and confidential research are the same thing. c.Confidential research collects sensitive information about participants (e.g., sexual behavior, illegal behavior); anonymous research collects nonsensitive information about participants. d.Anonymous research collects sensitive information about participants (e.g., sexual behavior, illegal behavior); confidential research collects nonsensitive information about participants.

Confidential research collects participants' names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants' names.

Upon receiving IRB approval, Dr. House trusts his graduate student to conduct the study. However, his graduate student does not conduct the study and instead provides Dr. Kline with invented results that support his hypotheses. This is known as which of the following? a. Data fabrication b. Data falsification c. Plagiarism d. Intellectual property destruction

Data fabrication

In which of the following situations would written informed consent not necessarily be required? a. An observational study that measures walking speed of people entering and exiting buildings b. An anonymous study that measures the relationship between time spent grocery shopping and money spent on groceries c. A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior d. Neither a nor b need written informed consent

Neither a nor b need written informed consent

Which of the following events did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study? a. Researchers told participants they were receiving treatment even though they were not. b. Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease. c. Participants were not told they had been infected with the disease. d. Researchers prevented participants from seeking treatment.

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease.

Dr. Spock plans to use deception in his study and is thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing? a. Dr. Spock only needs to invite participants who were troubled by the study to the debriefing session. b. Because his study has potential medical applications, the use of a debriefing session is optional. c. During the debriefing, Dr. Spock only needs to tell the participants that there was deception. d. Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.

Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other? a. Inconvenience to participants versus benefit to the researcher b. Time investment of the study versus complexity of the study c. Importance of the research versus financial cost to conduct the study d. Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

Dr. Who asks his participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report? a. The Principle of Beneficence b. The Principle of Justice c. The Principle of Integrity d. The Principle of Respect for Persons

The Principle of Respect for Persons

In addition to being an ethical violation, why are data falsification and fabrication problematic? a. They are impossible to discover. b. They impede scientific progress. c. They are federal crimes. d. Both a and b are problematic.

They impede scientific progress.

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT: a. They can be found in settings other than colleges and universities b. They are mandated by federal law c. They must have a psychologist as a member d. They must have at least five members

They must have a psychologist as a member

To address the Belmont Principle of Beneficence, Dr. Zoidberg would need to ask which of the following questions? a. Are the people in my study going to benefit as much as the people not in my study? b. What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants? c. Can the participants in my study give full, informed consent? d. Am I trained sufficiently to conduct this study?

What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?

Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study? a. Participants were harmed. b. Participants were not treated respectfully. c. Participants were not treated by actual doctors. d. Participants were from a disadvantaged social group.

Participants were not treated by actual doctors.

The use of debriefing in a study such as Milgram's obedience study appeals to which principle of the Belmont Report? a. Principle of beneficence b. Principle of justice c. Principle of respect for persons d. Principle of integrity

Principle of beneficence

When determining whether a study should be conducted, we have to balance which two issues? a. The costs of conducting the study vs. the benefits gained by the researcher. b. The type of people negatively affected vs. the type of people positively affected. c. The number of people negatively affected vs. the number of people positively affected. d. The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain.

The potential risks to participants vs. the value of knowledge we can gain.

Dr. Kline is deciding whether he needs to give participants a reason for waking them up several times during the night. He knows that he cannot tell them the real reason, but he is unsure whether he should deceive them (give them a false reason why he is waking them up) or provide them with no cover story at all. Which of the following issues should be considered most heavily when deciding whether or not to use deception? a. Whether his IRB will approve the use of deception b. Whether he can create a convincing story that his participants will believe c. Whether he can conduct the study just as well without deception d. Whether his participants will be angry when they find out he used deception

Whether he can conduct the study just as well without deception

Which of the following is NOT an ethical requirement in scientific research? a. freedom from coercion b. guarantee of compensation c. informed consent d. protection from physical and psychological harm

guarantee of compensation