Quiz #2
graywater
"untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Graywater includes 296 LEED REFERENCE GUIDE FOR BUILDING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONWE used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washers and laundry tubs. It must not include waste water from kitchen sinks or dishwashers" (Uniform Plumbing Code, Appendix G, Gray Water Systems for Single-Family Dwellings); "waste water discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry sinks" (International Plumbing Code, Appendix C, Gray Water Recycling Systems). Some states and local authorities allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in graywater. Other differences can likely be found in state and local codes. Project teams should comply with the graywater definition established by the authority having jurisdiction in the project area.
graywater
"untreated household waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Graywater includes used water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washers and laundry tubs. It must not include waste water from kitchen sinks or dishwashers" (Uniform Plumbing Code, Appendix G, Gray Water Systems for Single-Family Dwellings); "waste water discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers and laundry sinks" (International Plumbing Code, Appendix C, Gray Water Recycling Systems). Some states and local authorities allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in graywater. Other differences can likely be found in state and local codes. Project teams should comply with the graywater definition established by the authority having jurisdiction in the project area.
landscape water requirement (LWR)
) the amount of water that the site landscape area(s) requires for the site's peak watering month
• Infiltration Pond -
- a retention pond that acts as a final storage destination for runoff, water evaporates or infiltrates (no drain)
Detention Pond
- a retention pond that is designed to temporarily store the accumulated water before it slowly drains off downstream (has a drain)
Retention Ponds
- designed to control stormwater runoff on a site and in some cases remove pollutants from the retained water
• Bioretention Pond / Basin / Area
- same as a retention pond but incorporates bioremediation methods • Involve use of soil bacteria, fungi and plants to remove pollutants • Most beneficial if designed near impervious areas such as parking lots, break down oil
• Biofilters
- similar to bioswales but in a contained area, box
Grass channels
- similar to conventional drainage ditches but with wide flattened sides, providing greater surface area to slow runoff; provides preliminary treatment of water prior to flowing into another stormwater management component
Rainwater Harvesting
- the collection of rainwater for potable and nonpotable uses (i.e. irrigation, laundry, and passive cooling)
A DECLARE LABEL ANSWERS THREE QUESTIONS:
1. Where does a product come from? 2. What is it made of? 3. Where does it go at the end of its life?
System includes:
A collection area (typically the building roof) • A conveyance system to route the rainwater to storage • A storage tank or cistern May also include: • A filtering and possible disinfection treatment system • A back-up system to provide water in times of low rainwater • A provision for overflow • A distribution system to deliver the water
Living Building Challenge Certification (v3.1)
A green building certification program and sustainable design framework that visualizes the IDEAL for the built environment • Uses the metaphor of a FLOWER because the ideal built environment should function as cleanly and efficiently as a flower • Goals - To encourage buildings that are: • Regenerative spaces that connect occupants to light, air, food, nature, and community • Self-sufficient and remain within the resource limits of their site • Producers of more energy than they use and collect and treat all water on site • Healthy and beautiful
USGBC - United States Green Building Council
A non-profit organization committed to a prosperous and sustainable future through cost-efficient and energysaving green buildings. To achieve this goal, it works closely with key industries and research organizations and federal, state and local government agencies.
Non-Native Plant
A plant introduced with human help (intentionally or accidentally) to a new place or new type of habitat where it was not previously found. Note: Not all non-native plants are invasive. In fact, when many non-native plants are introduced to new places, they cannot reproduce or spread readily without continued human help (for example, many ornamental plants).
Native Plant
A plant that is a part of the balance of nature that has developed over hundreds or thousands of years in a particular region or ecosystem. Note: The word native should always be used with a geographic qualifier (that is, native to New England [for example]). Only plants found in this country before European settlement are considered to be native to the United States
Invasive Plant
A plant that is both non-native and able to establish on many sites, grow quickly, and spread to the point of disrupting plant communities or ecosystems. Note: From the Presidential Executive Order 13112 (February 1999): 'An invasive species is defined as a species that is 1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.'
• SITES - Sustainable Sites Initiative
A set of comprehensive, voluntary guidelines + a rating system that assesses the sustainable design, construction, and maintenance of landscapes • Can apply to projects a various scales, with or without buildings • Project types include: open spaces, streetscapes, commercial and educational / institutional campuses, residential neighborhoods and yards, military • Developed by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) Fund, The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center at The University of Texas at Austin, and the United States Botanic Garden • As we know, SITES in incorporated into LEED Rating System
EDGE - Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies
An online platform, a green building standard and a certification system for over 140 countries • Founded by the IFC, a World Bank Group • Helps to determine the most cost-effective options for designing green within a local climate context • For new construction buildings, existing buildings and major retrofits • Requires 20% less energy use, 20% less water use, and 20% less embodied energy in materials than baseline • For promotional advantage and lower utility bills • Focus on rapidly urbanizing economies • Provide data for financing banks in emerging markets • Free software (data...)
PETAL CERTIFICATION
At least three of the seven performance areas (Petals), one of which must be: -Water Petal, Energy Petal or Materials Petal In addition, each of the four Core Imperatives, 05 Transparent Material Health, 07 Red List, 09 Responsible Industry, and 20 Inspiration + Education are required.
CEEQUAL 2003, UK
Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and Award Scheme (?) • Founded in 2003 in the UK by Crane Environmental, LTD. (Equal?) • Evidence-based, outcome focused sustainability assessment, rating and awards system for civil engineering, infrastructure, landscaping and public realm projects • Next year launch CEEQUAL (2018) as the successor to CEEQUAL Version 5.2 and BREEAM Infrastructure (pilot) • The first sustainability rating scheme for infrastructure in the world • Over 700 project registrations; international
LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design • Created in 2000 by USGBC, the most widely used green building rating system in
Created in 2000 by USGBC, the most widely used green building rating system in the world • 19 billion SF certified as of 2017 in 167 countries; 2.2 million SF certified every DAY • Third-party certification performed by GBCI...
Declare
Declare is a transparency platform and product database that is changing the materials marketplace
CEEQUAL 2003, UK
Founded in 1990; 2 million projects registered, 560,000 certified buildings in 77 countries • A science-based sustainable certification and improvement solution • On-site visits by 3rd party reviewers before certification granted • BREEAM USA NC will launch January 2019 with partner HOK
• BREEAM - Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
Founded in 1990; 2 million projects registered, 560,000 certified buildings in 77 countries • A science-based sustainable certification and improvement solution • On-site visits by 3rd party reviewers before certification granted • BREEAM USA NC will launch January 2019 with partner HOK
Living Community 1.2 Certification
Goals - Create Communities that are: • Healthy for all elements of life • Nurturing and generous places that promote healthy lifestyles for everyone • Net Positive with respect to water and energy. Living Communities generate their own energy and capture and treat all the water they need. • Designed using multipurpose elements. Nothing has only a single purpose; everything has multiple benefits to the community and environment • Regenerative spaces for people and natural ecosystems • Places that are walkable, bike-able, and have affordable public transportation • Rules: • All Imperatives are mandatory. • Certification is based on actual, rather than modeled or anticipated, performance
Energy Star 1992, US
Goals: • Reduce Energy Use • Reduce Water Use • Save money • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Zero Energy Building (ZEB) Certification
Goals: • To reduce operational energy (and incorporate renewables to net zero energy) • To ensure that the building is truly operating as claimed, harnessing energy from the sun, wind or earth to produce net annual energy demand through a third-party audit of actual performance data • To provide a case study platform to inform and accelerate other zero energy efforts throughout the world
Just
Goals: • to elevate the discussion around social justice in all organizations • to create a common language for social justice issues • to elevate the causes of those individuals who lead on these issues • to change the policies and practices of thousands of organizations worldwide • to make life better for people from all walks of life
Rules of thumb:
Gutters should be 5" wide for small buildings • Downspouts should provide 1 square inch of downspout area for every 100 square feet of roof area
Living Products
Healthy and free of toxins • Socially responsible and respects the rights of workers • Net positive and benefit both people and the environment • Reduce the impact of your product's lifecycle • Strengthen healthy materials economy
• After stormwater traverses a bioswale or biofilter, the filtered runoff can be managed by:
Infiltrating into the soil • Flowing into a bioretention area or retention or detention pond • Discharging into a storm sewer system • Discharging into an appropriate receiving body of water
QSAND
QSAND - Quantifying Sustainability in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters • A free to use shelter and settlement sustainability and resilience self-assessment tool • Takes a wide variety of factors, which impact the disaster recovery process, into account and promotes a holistic sustainability approach to address the context • Key objectives: • Guide and inform the decision-making process in a disaster-affected community, promoting more sustainable approaches to shelter and settlement activities. • Provide a coordinated framework for identifying and, where relevant, assessing the sustainability of solutions in the relief, recovery and reconstruction of disaster-affected
IMPERATIVE CERTIFICATION
Requires manufacturers to achieve a minimum of seven Imperatives, including the four core Imperatives listed above.
FULL LIVING PRODUCT CERTIFICATION:
Requires all performance areas (Petals) and the twenty Imperatives.
• Design Calculations include:
Roof area • Anticipated water demand • Software accessing local rainfall conditions
Building Assessment Systems What are they?
Systems that allow designers to examine whether buildings and developments meet sustainability goals
• Parksmart
The only certification system designed to advance sustainable mobility through smarter parking structure design and operation • Focus on reduced operational costs, increased energy efficiency, and better lighting and ventilation • Why? Parking is one of the largest land uses in cities. Vehicles are parked about 95 percent of the time.
Building Assessment Systems Why are they important?
They encourage sustainable development in the building and development sectors
GBCI - Green Business Certification Inc.
Third-party certification and credentialing body within the green business and sustainability industry, global • Administers project certifications and professional credentials of LEED, EDGE, GRESB, Parksmart, PEER, SITES, TRUE and WELL • GBCI incorporated & renamed in 2015, previously known as known as the Green Building Certification Institute
Indoor Water Use Reduction
To reduce indoor water consumption
Outdoor Water Use Reduction
To reduce outdoor water consumption.
Building-Level Water Metering
To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption.
• IWBI - The International Well Building Institute
WELL Building Standard (v2) and WELL Community Standard (Pilot) for neighborhoods • Goals: • Improve human comfort • Drive better choices • Enhance, not compromise, human health and wellness • We will go into this Rating System in more depth in November...
Water Efficiency Strategies • Tier 3
Water efficient fixtures • Water efficient appliances • Water efficient HVAC systems • Water efficient irrigation systems • Water metering • Water treatment (i.e. Water Works @ Brock Center) • Rainwater to potable uses and nonpotable (non irrigation) uses • Grey/black to potable uses and nonpotable (non irrigation) uses • Use municipally supplied wastewater • Reuse condensate • Optimize Cooling Tower Cycles (VERY EXCITING STUFF!)
TRUE - Total Resource Use and Efficiency
Zero Waste certification • Goals: • Zero waste • Reduce carbon footprint • Support public health • Enable all products to eventually be reused • Eliminate landfills and incineration (wasteto-energy) • Promote processes that consider the entire lifecycle of products used within a facility • Turn waste into savings and additional income streams • As of 2017, 88 certified facilities including Microsoft, Tesla, Sierra Nevada Brewing Co • Certification: Excel file w/ Minimum program requirements, Scorecard and Application
private meter
a device that measures water flow and is installed downstream from the public water supply meter or as part of an on-site water system maintained by the building management team
hydrozone
a group of plantings with similar water needs
conventional irrigation
a region's most common system for providing water to plants by nonnatural means. A conventional irrigation system commonly uses pressure to deliver water and distributes it through sprinkler heads above the ground.
metering control
a regulator that limits the flow time of water, generally a manual-on and automatic-off device, most commonly installed on lavatory faucets and showers
public water supply (PWS
a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances. To be considered public, such system must have at least 15 service connections or regularly serve at least 25 individuals. (Adapted from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
public water supply (PWS)
a system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances. To be considered public, such system must have at least 15 service connections or regularly serve at least 25 individuals. (Adapted from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
closed-loop cooling
a system that acts as a heat sink for heat-rejecting building and medical equipment by recirculating water. Because the water is sealed within the system, some closed-loop cooling systems use nonpotable water (such as recycled process water harvested from an air handler's cooling coil condensate).
native vegetation
an indigenous species that occurs in a particular region, ecosystem, and habitat without direct or indirect human actions. Native species have evolved to the geography, hydrology, and climate of that region. They also occur in communities; that is, they have evolved together with other species. As a result, these communities provide habitat for a variety of other native wildlife species. Species native to North America are generally recognized as those occurring on the continent prior to European settlement. Also known as native plants.
industrial process water
any water discharged from a factory setting. Before this water can be used for irrigation, its quality needs to be checked. Saline or corrosive water should not be used for irrigation
industrial process water
any water discharged from a factory setting. Before this water can be used for irrigation, its quality needs to be checked. Saline or corrosive water should not be used for irrigation.
Rainwater Harvesting Smaller systems
collect roof runoff for domestic uses; most frequently for watering the landscape (simple) and toilet flushing (more complex)
ARC - Arc Skoru, Inc.
created by USGBC and GBCI as a result of huge amount of data • Technology Venture Launched to Facilitate LEED Certification, Measure Performance and Benchmark Green Building Projects • Launched in 2016; input data in 5 categories, benchmark, improve
Bioswales
densely vegetated open channels designed to attenuate and treat stormwater runoff • Swales have gentle slopes at allow runoff to be filtered by vegetation planted on the bottom and sides • Not designed to hold water for an extended period of time
• Wet Swales
essentially long, linear wetlands designed to temporarily store water in a shallow pool; treats water by allowing a slow settling of particles, the infiltration of water and bioremediation of pollutants
Pervious surfaces
ground covers (softscape or hardscape) that allow rainwater to infiltrate and reach subsurface layers • (+) lessen stormwater runoff • (+) reduce the flow of pollutants from a site
xeriscaping
landscaping that does not require routine irrigation
Dry Swales
similar to a detention pond, have water holding capacity and permit water to flow at the bottom of the swale but are designed to have a relatively dry, grassy top; have a fabric wrapped soil base with a perforated pipe to facilitate water movement
Plastic Grid Systems
support pedestrian / light traffic loads; plastic lattice structure that can be filled with rock aggregate, soil and grass or ground cover
Porous block pavement systems
support high, medium and light load conditions; modular interlocking brick, stone or concrete, provide channels for water to flow to the underlying substrate (aggregate with sand bedding)
Porous Portland cement concrete
support parking lot and street loads; similar to non-porous concrete except that small aggregate and sand are left out of the mix to allow water to drain through the concrete
Porous (open graded) asphalt pavement
support vehicular loads, roads, parking lots; contains no small aggregate particles, thus has substantial voids that can hold water
reference evapotranspiration rate
the amount of water lost from a specific vegetated surface with no moisture limitation. Turf grass with height of 120 mm is the reference vegetation
rainwater harvesting
the capture, diversion, and storage of rain for future beneficial use. Typically, a rain barrel or cistern stores the water; other components include the catchment surface and conveyance system. The harvested rainwater can be used for irrigation.
evapotranspiration
the combination of evaporation and plant transpiration into the atmosphere. Evaporation occurs when liquid water from soil, plant surfaces, or water bodies becomes vapor. Transpiration is the movement of water through a plant and the subsequent loss of water vapor.
softscape
the elements of a landscape that consist of live, horticultural elements
hardscape
the inanimate elements of the building landscaping. It includes pavement, roadways, stonewalls, wood and synthetic decking, concrete paths and sidewalks, and concrete, brick, and tile patios.
conductivity
the measurement of the level of dissolved solids in water, using the ability of an electric current to pass through water. Because it is affected by temperature, conductivity is measured at 25°C for standardization.
peak watering month
the month with the greatest deficit between evapotranspiration and rainfall. This is the month when the plants in the site's region potentially require the most supplemental water typically a mid-summer month. (Sustainable Sites Initiative)
Handprints
the positive that a product causes across its life cycle, such as harvesting more water and generating more energy than was required to make it
cooling tower blowdown
the water discharged from a cooling tower typically because increased salinity or alkalinity has caused scaling. Cooling tower blowdown may be too saline for use in landscape irrigation.
foundation drain
the water discharged from a subsurface drainage system. If a building foundation is below the water table, a sump pump may be required. Discharge from the sump may be stored and used for irrigation.
Rainwater Harvesting Larger systems
use land forms as catchment areas (discussed later re: sites) to increase quality and reduce quantity and can to provide supplemental irrigation for agriculture
adapted plant
vegetation that is not native to a particular region but that has characteristics that allow it to live in the area. Adapted plants do not pose the same problems as invasive species.
reclaimed water
wastewater that has been treated and purified for reuse
drift
water droplets carried from a cooling tower or evaporative condenser by a stream of air passing through the system. Drift eliminators capture these droplets and return them to the reservoir at the bottom of the cooling tower or evaporative condenser for recirculation.
combination oven discharge
water released from an oven that includes a steam cycle or option
nonpotable water
water that does not meet drinking water standards
makeup water
water that is fed into a cooling tower system or evaporative condenser to replace water lost through evaporation, drift, bleed-off, or other causes
process water
water that is used for industrial processes and building systems, such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. It can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, clothes washing, and ice making.
potable water
water that meets or exceeds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water quality standards (or a local equivalent outside the U.S.) and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems
GRESB - Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark
• Assesses the sustainability performance of real estate and infrastructure portfolios and assets worldwide • Offers ESG research data, Scorecards, Benchmark Reports and portfolio analysis tools • Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) • Result of a collaboration of pension funds and academics from Maastricht University and the University of California at Berkeley • More than 200 members, including 58 pension funds, use GRESB data in their investment management and engagement process, with a clear goal to optimize the risk/return profile of their investments.
Water Efficiency Strategies • Tier 1
• Basic Building Design • Building Form to support Rainwater Harvesting Design • Site Design • Native species eliminate/reduce need for irrigation • Location, type and size of vegetated areas • Control runoff • Control evaporation • Erosion control • No Irrigation
Water Efficiency Strategies Tier 2
• Building Passive Systems • Passive Heating • Direct gain / Trombe wall • Water as solar collector / thermal mass • Passive Cooling • Water as evaporative coolant - direct/indirect • Water as direct radiant cooling • Rainwater Harvesting - Rainwater to irrigate • Water Saving Design (not active systems) • Composting toilets • Site Passive Systems • Bioswales, pervious surfaces, catchment systems, retention ponds • Ecological Sewage Treatment (Sidwell Friends)
PEER - Performance Excellence in Electricity Renewal
• Certification program that measures and improves power system performance and electricity infrastructure • Goals: • Improve efficiency • Improve day-to-day reliability • Improve overall resiliency when it comes to severe events, such as flooding and hurricanes • For all power systems; includes guidance for cities, utilities, campuses and transit • Have to register first through Arc; currently in v2
ILFI Zero Carbon Standard
• Goals: • To reduce operational energy (and incorporate renewables to net zero energy) • To fully account for their carbon emissions impacts (50 year Life Cycle Analysis) • To offset carbon emissions (purchase carbon offset from approved source) • To demonstrate a 10% reduction in the embodied carbon of the primary materials (compared to a baseline)
