Quiz 3

What idea was promoted by the theory of social Darwinism in the late nineteenth century?

Progress is the result of competition, and social reforms and other modes of human interference impede progress.

Which relatively new building material both improved railroading in the late nineteenth century and depended on it?

Steel produced through the Bessemer process

Which of the following was true of Standard Oil in the 1890s?

The company had employed both horizontal and vertical integration to control more than 90 percent of the oil business.

To what did the term solid South refer in the decades after Reconstruction?

The states of the old Confederacy, which voted Democratic in every election for the next seventy years

Which of the following describes the Gilded Age?

An era marked by personal greed and a corrupt partnership between business and politics

How did Alexander Graham Bell's telephone revolutionize both communications and business in America?

Bell used a complicated organizational structure in his new company that allowed both local and cross-country communication.

What was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late nineteenth century?

It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer.

The states of the old Confederacy, which voted Democratic in every election for the next seventy years

economics and the shifting social structure of the South.

The Supreme Court's late-nineteenth-century reinterpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment helped big business by

elevating property rights over all other rights.

President James A. Garfield unwittingly helped the cause of civil service reform when he

was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker.