QUIZ 3: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Which of these glands does not secrete saliva into the oral cavity? a. submandibular gland b. pancreas c. sublingual gland d. parotid gland
b. pancreas
during swallowing, a. the movement of food results primarily from gravity. b. the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated. c. food is pushed into the oropharynx during the pharyngeal phase. d. the soft palate closes off the opening into the larynx
b. the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata is activated
Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function? a. surface mucous cells—produce mucus b. parietal cells—produce hydrochloric acid c. chief cells—produce intrinsic factor d. endocrine cells—produce regulatory hormones
c. chief cells - produce intrinsic factor
-- digestion, which is accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the digestive tract.
chemical
. the breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts: carbohydrates into monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, and triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
digestion
Which of these hormones stimulates stomach secretions?
gastrin
the intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach. The normal route of ingestion is through the oral cavity.
ingestion
-- digestion, which involves the mastication and mixing of food
mechanical
The number of premolar deciduous teeth is
0
the stomach a. has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae. b. has two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis tunic. c. opening from the esophagus is the pyloric opening. d. has an area closest to the duodenum called the fundus. e. All of these are correct.
a. has large folds in the submucosa and mucosa called rugae.
The portion of the digestive tract in which digestion begins is the a. oral cavity. b. esophagus. c. stomach. d. duodenum. e. jejunum.
a. oral cavity
the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the blood or into the lymphatic system. The mechanism by which absorption occurs depends on the type of molecule involved. Molecules pass out of the digestive tract by diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport, or endocytosis
absorption
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself? a. The stomach wall is not composed of protein, so it is not affected by proteolytic enzymes. b. The digestive enzymes of the stomach are not strong enough to digest the stomach wall. c. The lining of the stomach wall has a protective layer of epithelial cells. d. The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
d. The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus
dentin a. forms the surface of the crown of the teeth. b. holds the teeth to the periodontal ligaments. c. is found in the pulp cavity. d. makes up most of the structure of the teeth.
d. makes up most of the structure of the teeth
the process by which the waste products of digestion are removed from the body. During this process, which occurs primarily in the large intestine, water and salts are absorbed, changing the material in the digestive tract from liquefied to semisolid. These semisolid waste products, called feces, are then eliminated from the digestive tract by the process of defecation
elimination
contractions that move material in the distal parts of the large intestine to the anus.
mass movements
the process by which the teeth chew food in the mouth.
mastication
Some contractions do not propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other but, rather, move it back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions and help break it into smaller pieces.
mixing
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food that is consumed?
mucosa
propels material through most of the digestive tract. Peristaltic waves are muscular contractions consisting of a wave of relaxation of the circular muscles in front of the bolus, followed by a wave of strong contraction of the circular muscles behind the bolus, which force the bolus along the digestive tube.
peristalsis
the movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other. The total time it takes food to travel the length of the digestive tract is usually about 24-36 hours
propulsion
As food moves through the digestive tract, secretions are added to lubricate, liquefy, buffer, and digest the food. Mucus, secreted along the entire digestive tract, lubricates the food and the lining of the tract. The mucus coats and protects the epithelial cells of the digestive tract from mechanical abrasion, stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.
secretion
are mixing contractions that occur in the small intestine.
segmental contraction
The ENS is found in
submucosa and muscularis layer
moves liquids or a soft mass of food and liquid, called a bolus, from the oral cavity into the esophagus.
swallowing