Quiz #3

When an HIV-positive woman gives birth, she is told that there is a possibility that the HIV antibody detected in the newborn will disappear within how many months?

18 months

Of the pathways available to recognize microbes and activate the complement system, which one requires the presence of an antibody?

Classical

When caring for a child with ataxia-telangiectasia mutation (ATM), which assessment findings correlate with this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Cognitive developmental delay, Decreased lymphocyte count, Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level

In providing education to a sexually active 22-year-old female, which topic would be most beneficial to discuss to decrease her risk for contracting HIV?

Consistent use of latex condoms with sexual activity

Which best describes the structure of a virus?

Consists of a capsid that surrounds a nucleic acid core

A client asks the nurse who some people adapt to physiologic and psychologic threats differently. The best response would be:

Coping mechanisms

A clinic health provider has noticed an increase in the number of clients getting tested for Lyme disease. In addition to blood testing, what other manifestations will clients diagnosed with Lyme disease display?

"Bull's eye" red rash, Headaches, Joint pain and Swelling

A client who has been receiving cortisol as treatment for an illness states he "is constantly developing colds and fevers. "what is the nurse's best response to the client?

"Cortisol inhibits the function of the immune system, making you more susceptible to disease."

A nurse is teaching a new mother diagnosed with HIV about the transfer of the infection to her newborn. The mother begins to cry and states, "It's too late, the lab tests on my baby are already positive for HIV." How should the nurse respond?

"Just because the test is positive for HIV does not mean your baby is infected with the virus."

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about health promotion activities and lifestyle changes. A client tells the nurse he has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for the last 4 years and has been told he is at risk for developing respiratory infections. The best response would be:

"Smoking can increase the risk of inhalation-acquired diseases."

A client tells the health care provider he has heard several myths about viruses. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be:

"Viruses can produce symptoms of disease months to years later."

Which intervention is the priority for a client with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) who is experiencing a spontaneous episode of deep localized tissue swelling?

Emergency intubation for laryngeal edema

Which of these is a cost-effective diagnostic method that is used as a screening test for HIV antibodies?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Immunologically active sites on antigens are recognized as:

Epitopes

An adolescent is diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus. What information should the nurse provide to the parents?

Epstein-Barr virus can cause infectious mononucleosis., The Epstein-Barr virus invades and replicates within the salivary glands., Epstein-Barr virus can be spread by saliva

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with varicella. The nurse is aware that nonspecific manifestations may include:

Fever

A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?

For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.

Which serves as a recognition marker to aid in self-tolerance?

HLA antigens encoded by MHC genes

A nurse assessing for factors that impact a client's ability to adapt to stress includes assessing for which of the following? Select all that apply

Hardiness, Nutrition, Sleep-wake cycle, Physiologic reserve

A nurse is caring for an adolescent with post-traumatic stress syndrome. The client reports having difficulty concentrating and has increased startle reflex. The nurse's documentation includes the presence of:

Hyperarousal

A client experiences an allergic reaction. Select the immunoglobulin that would bind to mast cells and release histamine.

IgE

Infants are born with a passive immunity that occurs when immunoglobulin antibodies cross the placenta from the maternal circulation prior to brith. Which immunoglobulin is capable of crossing the placenta?

IgG

the most important function of the thymus is:

Immune cell production and maturation

What is the main therapy model for the treatment of cellular damage resulting from an autoimmune response?

Immunosuppressive medications, Corticosteroids

A client is experiencing an increase in cortisol secretion. It would be most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Increased blood glucose

What will the nurse assess as the end result of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Increased blood pressure

A 36-year-old male who is positive for HIV antibodies notices purplish spots on his upper body. Which term is used to identify these areas as an opportunistic infection?

Kaposi sarcoma

What is a characteristic indicator that an individual is in the latent phase of HIV?

Lack of symptoms

What is a common source of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12)?

Macrophages

A person has been exposed to a particular antigen and a now experiences a repeat exposure. What stimulates a quicker immune response?

Memory T cells

A client in the second trimester of pregnancy arrives for the first prenatal visit and admits that she and her partner traveled to South America where they went on a rain forest excursion when she was 4 weeks pregnant. Which congenital mosquito-borne abnormality may be seen on ultrasound if the fetus is affected?

Microcephaly

Which type of immunity is achieved by an infant from its mother through antibodies transferred in utero or in breast milk?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

A client is experiencing stress as a nurse prepares to insert a peripheral intravenous catheter into his forearm. The client's locus caeruleus (LC) is consequently producing which hormone?

Norepinephrine (NE)

The process by which microbes are coated to allow for more efficient recognition by phagocytes is known as:

Opsonization

A nurse is educating a group of preteens about viruses that potentially cause cancer. Which types of cancer will the nurse mention can be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and prevented by the HPV 9-valent vaccine?

Oropharyngeal cancer, Cervical cancer, Anal cancer

Which scenario is an example how how international travel has contributed to increased prevalence and incidence of non-indigenous disease?

Outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome related to contaminated salad being shipped to various regions

There has been an incidence of influenza in both Europe and in the United States. What is the term that best describes this incidence?

Pandemic

A client asks the nurse what happens when a pathogen enters the body. Select the best response.

Pathogens that enter the intestinal mucosa can cause diseases in the lungs or liver

The cell responsible for migrating to the site of an infection and enveloping invading microorganisms is:

Phagocyte

A client complains of general malaise and fatigue and has a mild fever. The nurse would evaluate this stage of disease as the:

Prodromal stage

The parents of a male child who has been exposed to chronic stress are concerned about the long-term effects that may develop. The best response by the nurse would be:

Prolonged stress may lead to suppression of growth hormone

The nurse is planning are for a client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency. What is a priority intervention to incorporate into the plan?

Protecting the client from infection

The fight-or-flight response is a manifestation of the stress reaction caused by which part of the nervous system?

Sympathetic

Which type of immunity provides a defense against intracellular microbes such as viruses?

T lymphocytes

Select the option that best describes a single-celled organism that reproduces by a budding process.

Yeast

For HIV to reproduce in the human body, which process must occur?

It must change its RNA into DNA

A client who has a kidney transplant 3 months ago is experiencing an organ rejection. The reaction would be classified as:

Acute rejection

A nurse working nights is constantly complaining of being tired and sick. It seems like she catches every illness that is on the unit. One possible reason for this may relate to:

Alterationos in sleep-wake cycle have decreased her immune function

The nurse is ca ring for a client with an infection of Candida albicans. Which type of antimicrobial agent will the nurse plan to administer to effectively treat this disease?

Anti-fungal

The nurse is caring for an ex-soldier who has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The nurse should prioritize which action?

Assessing the client for depression and risk for suicide.

A health care provider suspects a client has developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Select the necessary criterion to validate the diagnosis.

At least 1 month of clinically significant distress affecting a person after witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event that affects other parts of his or her life

What statements regarding autoimmune disorders are true?

Autoimmune disorders are a result of the body's inability to identify self from non-self, Autoimmune disorders are capable of affecting almost any body tissue, Self tolerance is a central concept used to explain autoimmune disorders

Select the type of lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow.

B lymphocytes

Which agent is considered to be high-risk in a bioterrorism event?

B. anthracis

A client has a latex allergy. Which foods will the nurse teach the client to eat with caution because they could trigger a cross-sensititvity reaction?

Bananas and avocados

A diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is identified when the CD4+ T cell count reaches which level?

Below 200 cells/uL

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts on which type of cells?

CD4+ T lymphocytes

A client is in the intensive care unit with sepsis and is diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis. The client has not improved despite typical anti-fungal medications. Which new anti-fungal agent is likely to be prescribed because it inhibits the synthesis of a fungal cell wall polysaccharide found in many fungi?

Caspofungin

A client tells the nurse that the primary care provider prescribed an antibiotic. The client was instructed to take the antibiotic three times a day for 10 days. After the 4th day, the client was feeling much better and decided to stop taking the medication. What complication could result from stopping the antibiotic early?

Chronic infection

A client reports fatigue and an inability to concentrate. The client has been unemployed for the second time in a year and is concerned about supporting the family. Select the type of stressor the client most likely is experiencing.

Chronic sustained

Which of the types of T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines?

Cytotoxic T cells

A hostage situation has occurred at a high school campus. The school superintendent and faculty are concerned about the students experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The most important intervention would be:

Debriefing with a crisis tea about the event as soon as possible

A nurse who works in a long-term care facility has observed the high incidence of infectious illnesses among the older adults who reside there. What is the best explanation for a diminished immune capacity in older adults?

Decreased numbers and responsiveness of T lymphocytes

A male infant with X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia is typically diagnosed by:

Decreased serum immunoglobulin levels after 9 months of age

A previously healthy 42-year-old client who was recently diagnosed with hypertension. Select the response that best describes a positive reaction to the acute stress.

Decreasing dietary sodium and fat intake

Months after travel outside the country, the client has developed some central nervous system signs/symptoms and usual diagnostics have ruled out Parkinson disease. Which manifestations is associated with prion disease following exposure to uncooked meat while traveling?

Dementia, Ataxia

The client has just been told that he has a debilitating illness. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse recognize as being related to stress? Select all that apply.

Increased respiratory rate, Mouth becomes dry

A client with suspected post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) undergoes a dexamethasone suppression test. The nurse anticipates the results to identify:

Increased sensitivity of cortisol receptors

A client tells the nurse she is at risk to prematurely deliver her baby and is concerned that the baby does not have a developed immune system. The best response would be:

Infants born prematurely may have deficient immunity

A client with a history of post-traumatic stress syndrome reports frequently reliving the traumatic event. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing:

Intrusion

A nurse in pediatrics sees many children coping with sickness, violence, or trauma in their daily life. Which coping skill is most important to teach this population to help children achieve balance when dealing with stress?

Resilience

A health care provider is providing information to a client about ectoparasites. The most prominent human ectoparasite would be:

Scabies

The first physical line of defense in innate immunity is:

Skin and mucous membranes

A health care provider has prescribed blood products for a trauma client with a history of sensitive immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIGAD) who is going into hypovolemic shock. Which blood product is most appropriate for the nurse to infuse?

Specially washed erythrocytes from normal donor

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid structure located high in the left abdominal cavity?

Spleen

A client experiencing an acute stress response has increased urination. What does the nurse determine is the cause of this clinical manifestation?

The client has hyperglycemia

The treatment prescribed for an autoimmune disorder is primarily dependent upon what?

The current manifestations of the disease and the mechanisms that cause the disease process

Which statements are true regarding the effects of aging on the immune system? Select all that apply.

The incidence of cancer increased as we age, Older adults tend to have more evidence of autoimmune disorders as we age, Vaccinations are less effective as we age

A client with otitis media is ordered to receive amoxicillin. The client questions the nurse on how the drug works. Which statement describes how penicillin works?

This drug causes interference with a specific step in bacterial cell wall synthesis

Which statements are true regarding humoral immunity? Select all that apply.

Two types of responses (primary and secondary) occur, The memory response occurs on subsequent exposures to the antigen, B ;lymphocytes (B cells) are vital to the functioning of this type of immunity