quiz 3- SOC

gender socialization

is the outcome of countless interactions, starting with those between parents and children

preferred sex selection of US parents

look at pg. 176-177

Gender:

the social realization of biological sex

feminist perspective

feminist theory- argues that gender inequality is central to family life, that family structure is socially constructed rather than natural, and that family experiences for men and women differ according to race/ethnicity and social class. -- feminists have long argued that a system of rigid gender categories and roles serves male-dominated society; b/c men have more influence over social rules

jobs dominated by men and women

men: construction electricians truck drivers groundskeepers construction managers women: nurses licensed practical nurses receptionists secretaries pre-k and k teachers equal gender: retail supervisors food service managers postsecondary teachers pharmacists financial managers

sex:

ones biological category, male or female, based on anatomy and physiology

peers

people in a similar social situation and of similar status with whom an individual interacts

why is the way parents dress their children significant?

-*gender expression* is a persons pattern of outward behavior in relation to common standards of gender category -- adopting a gender identity requires learning the behavior expected of a biological sex and then expressing it through individual action.

family roles and expectations for children based on gender, boys and girls

--Girls tend to prefer toys that involve nurturing and caring for others (especially dolls) and boys tend to prefer power tools, weapons, cars, and so on. --These early gender differences translate into later gendered family roles and assignments --EXAMPLE: parents are more likely to employ parenting strategies that encourage personal autonomy and decision making with their daughters, while they are more controlling and directive with their sons.

what women make compared to men

--among full-time workers in all occupations in 2015, women's median earnings were just 81 percent of mens. --Men's jobs generally pay more than women's. The biggest reason for the pay gap is that women and men work in different jobs. --Within the same job at the same workplace, there is much less gender inequality (although it is illegal, it still persists for a variety of reasons). --Laws requiring equal pay for equal work have been difficult to enforce. --Even in 2014, U.S. Congress failed to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act. --Women tend to enter occupations traditionally dominated by men in much greater numbers than men enter occupations traditionally held by women.

biological perspective

--focuses on stability and family behavior --Biological explanations for family behavior are often inspired by a structural functionalist view of society. --Biological evolution provides a useful framework for this perspective. --These explanations tend to emphasize the complementary and natural roles of men and women that serve the greater social good. --This view focuses on stability and those aspects of family behavior that may or may not have an evolutionary basis. --Does not really take into account processes of social change and variation EXAMPLE: some sociologists see the tendency of men to be more promiscuous- and women to invest more energy in child rearing

women have pulled ahead in which area

--women percent of graduating is higher/increasing more than men.

reasons why boys are preferred in some countries

??

intersexed

a condition in which a person's chromosomal composition doesn't correspond with his or her sexual anatomy at birth, or the anatomy is not clearly male or female

transgender

a term to describe individuals whose gender identity does not match their assigned sex

symbolic interactionism

argues that complex social systems are maintained through elaborate patterns of interpersonal interaction -- explanation for family behavior/community behavior