Quiz 3&4
We are using a new observational rating system for clinical performance. The system will be used by 12 faculty members to rate all 144 students. What quality is the most important in this case? Inter-rater reliability Inter-rater validity test-retest reliability internal consistency
Inter-rater reliability
The following survey question is an example of which type of question response? To what extent do you agree with the following statement? The ACA should be repealed. Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Agree Disagree open-ended Likert scale dichotomous qualitative
Likert scale
The most accurate measure of blood type can be found through what method of data collection? questionnaire biological measurement interview medical records
biological measurement
I have created a 10-item questionnaire that I hope will demonstrate the quality of a person's diet. To check this, I compared results of my questionnaire to the results of a 3-day food diary (gold standard in this case). What am I trying to establish? test-retest reliability intra-rater reliability inter-rater validity content validity
content validity
I am going to collect nutrition data from a sample of pregnant women. One question asks them the number of servings of vegetables they eat on an average day. What level of measurement is this? ordinal nominal categorical continuous
continuous
Which of the following is not a property of a normal distribution? mean=mode defined by mean and standard error median=mean bell-shaped
defined by mean and standard
The following is an example of what type of question response? What hand do you write with primarily? Left Right rank order open-ended multiple choice dichotomous
dichotomous
My study looks at the effect of my SuperDuper (SD) diet pill on the weight of my subjects. I have 60 subjects randomly assigned to either the SD or a placebo. Some of the subjects have also started an exercise program. What is a confounding variable? subjects' weights waist circumference diet pill or placebo exercise program
exercise program
I am going to test for a correlation between two variables. A scatterplot of the two variables: eliminates the threat of linearity is unnecessary will indicate the level of measurement helps identify outliers
helps identify outliers
My diagnostic screening test catches those people who actually have the dreaded Clutter disease 95% of the time. This test has: high specificity high sensitivity high predictive validity low specificity
high sensitivity
An alpha level of 0.05 indicates that: 95% of the time chance is operating if the null hypothesis is true, the probability of falsely rejecting it is limited to 0.05 the probability of Type II error is 0.05 the probability of making a correct decision regarding the null hypothesis is 0.05
if the null hypothesis is true, the probability of falsely rejecting it is limited to 0.05
I am testing for a correlation between subjects' level in college (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior) and their annual income (in dollars). Which test would I use? Pearson's r Spearman's rho Mann-Whitney t-test
incorrect: Pearson's r maybe: spearman's rho
I want to see if there is an association between hours of sleep and calories consumed per day. What statistical analysis would I use? chi square Pearson's r student's t-test Spearman's rho
incorrect: chi square maybe: pearson's r
Hypothesis testing involves deciding: between two mutually exclusive hypotheses if the differences between groups was large or small if the investigation was internally and externally valid the critical value
incorrect: if the differences between groups was large or small Maybe: critical value
Which of the following is true of a correlation analysis? it indicates cause and effect it indicates the strength of a relationship it is used with repeated measures it indicates the difference between two variables
incorrect: it indicates the difference between two variables maybe: it indicates the strength of a relationship
Which of the following is not a use of descriptive data? describe the norm test hypothesis provide a profile aggregate data
incorrect: provide a profile maybe: test hypothesis
The measure of variance most often displayed with a mean to give an overall picture of the data is: range standard error variance standard deviation
incorrect: range maybe: variance
The a priori significance level (alpha) is set at .01; my test statistic has a p-value of .021 What do I do now? reject the null hypothesis calculate the SEM accept the alternative hypothesis fail to reject the null hypothesis
incorrect: reject the null hypothesis maybe: accept the alternative hypothesis
Which of the following is true of statistical significance and clinical significance? results must be both statistically and clinically significant statistical significance is more important than clinical importance results may be clinically significant but not statistically significant results must be statistically significant to be clinically significant
incorrect: results may be clinically significant but not statistically significant maybe: results must be statistically significant to be clinically significant
I created a questionnaire to measure emotional wellness for older adults. I have 16 bridge players at the senior center fill out the questionnaire, then come back the following week to have the same group fill it out again. This should give me an indication of: instrument reliability face validity inter-rater reliability instrument validity
instrument reliability
I have created a 10-item questionnaire that I think measures student truthfulness. I calculate a Cronbach's alpha to test for: intra-rater reliability validity inter-rater reliability internal consistency
internal consistency
Body temperature represents what level of measurement? ordinal nominal interval/ratio categorical
interval/ratio
A focus group is an example of which type of data collection? interview observation questionnaire available data
interview
Which of the following statements about null hypotheses is true? it indicates that the effect or relationship is zero it is a statement of what the researcher hopes to find it is a statement of expected results it indicates an effect or relationship of 0.05
it indicates that the effect or relationship is zero
The midpoint of a set of scores is: median interquartile range quartile range mode
median
I ask what sport my athletes play/perform in. What level of measurement is this? ordinal continuous nominal interval/ratio
nominal
What is the biggest threat to internal validity with the use of questionnaires? regression to the mean history non-response error testing
non-response error
What is the most accurate way to collect data on the quality of doctor-patient interactions? questionnaire interview observation medical records
observation
I am doing a study that will include student knowledge as an outcome variable. I plan to use a 10-item knowledge quiz as one of my instruments. This quiz is an example of: constitutive definition open -ended questionnaire applicability operational definition
operational definition
I have drawn a random sample of 100 undergraduate students from a list of 1200. Their mean GPA is 3.23, which is considered a(n) ____________________. confidence interval parameter inherent estimate point estimate
point estimate
The ability of a test to predict future test results is: predictive validity constitutive validity specificity sensitivity
predictive validity
My a priori p-value is set at .05, and the results of my statistical test have a probability of 0.023. This means I: reject the alternative hypothesis reset the a priori significance level reject the null hypothesis accept the null hypothesis
reject the null hypothesis
Which of the following is true of Type I error? it is also known as beta error rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false failing to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false
rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true
My dog chewed off the first 1.75 inches of my tape measure just before I left for the weight control clinic. The resultant subjects' waist circumference measurements will be: reliable but not valid valid but not reliable reliable and practical valid and applicable
reliable but not valid
When creating a survey questionnaire, an advantage of open-ended questions is: ease of data analyses time-saving for responder response clarification quantitative data
response clarification
The ___________________ is an indicator of the precision of an estimate of a statistic. standard error inferential statistic standard deviation confidence interval
standard error
The confidence interval is based upon: central tendency inferential statistics null hypothesis standard error
standard error
If I wanted to see if there is a difference in GPA between students who live on campus and students who commute, which statistical test would I use? chi square Spearman's rho Pearson's r student's t-test
student's t-test
My study looks at the effect of my SuperDuper (SD) diet pill on the weight of my subjects. I have 60 subjects randomly assigned to either the SD or a placebo. Some of the subjects have also started an exercise program. What is the dependent variable? exercise program subjects' weights diet pill or placebo waist circumference
subjects' weights
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship? .590 1.34 - .670 .031
- .670