Quiz 4 & 5

The ___ is the individual's reflection on one's own identity and social position that is made and reformulated through social interactions.

Self

What factors can lead to increased group cohesion?

Shared values

Emile Durkheim worried that, in an increasingly fragmented modern world, individuals would feel less and less connected to groups, which would lead to:

Anomie, or normlessness

If an individual belongs to a group whose members are mostly anonymous to one another, then that group is almost certainly a:

Secondary group

If a college student plans to go to graduate school because she thinks of herself as having excellent critical thinking skills and a brilliant mind, where would Charles Cooley's theory of the looking-glass self suggest that she got these ideas?

Cooley would argue that these ideas came from fellow students and teachers expressing admiration

Which concept is the tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others?

Ethnocentrism

The sense of solidarity, or team spirit, that an individual feels toward her group is called:

Group cohesion

The Solomon Asch experiment, in which a group of subjects were asked to compare the lengths of lines, demonstrated that:

Groups have great power to induce conformity

We view ourselves based on:

How we think others view us

Which of the following is a major critique of conflict theory?

In focusing on conflict and change, it sometimes ignores the stable and enduring parts of society

According to Emile Durkheim, industrialized societies display organic solidarity. What is the basis for organic solidarity?

Interdependence created by the specialization of work

Why did C. Wright Mills think it's important for everyone, even people who will never take a sociology class, to develop a sociological imagination?

Many people remain unaware of the intricate connections between the patterns of their own lives and the larger course of history

Durkheim theorized that the rapidly changing conditions of modern life teas to anomie. What is anomie?

Nor less ness, or a loss of social connections

On a given day, within ten minutes of waking up, you probably depend on more than 100 strangers to provide electricity, water, natural gas, weather forecasts, and more. According to Durkheim, this interdependence gives rise to :

Organic solidarity

When individuals are members of groups, they are influenced by other members. What do sociologists call this?

Peer pressure

Many sociologists have worried that the modern economy demands both geographic and occupational mobility, which in turn means that industrial and bureaucratic organizations have become the norm. What sort of groups might become less common if people have to more many times in their lives for work?

Primary groups

What type of group provides most of our emotional satisfaction?

Primary groups

What do sociologists call a group that provides standards by which an individual can judge his own accomplishments?

Reference group

Ellie Durkheim argued that even an action as seemingly individual as suicide has important social components. What social factors did he examine?

Religious affiliation and marital status

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent upon the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations?

Symbolic interactionism

According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, the generalized other is:

The common behavioral expectations of general society

Jon views himself as a lazy person who is not very intelligent. His self-perception comes from his overly critical father who continually belittled him when he was group up. Jon's perception of himself is what Charles Horton Cooley referred to as ___.

The looking-glass self

What was the Asch experiment measuring?

The power of the group

John graduates from college with a degree in business administration and gets a job with a large firm that audits small businesses that have contracts with the city. While working there, he becomes friends with Dave, who invited him to attend a weekly poker game, which becomes a meaningful part of John's social life. Some weeks the game is the only thing he has to look forward to. What does this illustrate?

The way secondary group ties can lead to the close personal ties of primary groups

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment