Quiz 5 CNS Part 2

What is the difference between the clusters of cell bodies called nuclei and those known as ganglia? There is no difference between nuclei and ganglia. Nuclei exist in all cells throughout the body, and ganglia exist only within the brain and spinal cord. Nuclei exist in the PNS, ganglia in the CNS. Nuclei exist in the CNS, ganglia in the PNS.

Nuclei exist in the CNS, ganglia in the PNS.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cohort studies? Require large sample sizes Best study design to establish cause and effect relationships Avoid recall bias Establish temporal relationships between exposure and outcome

Require large sample sizes

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

__________ is responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers. The hypothalamus Broca's area The cerebral white matter The thalamus

The thalamus

Which of the following is released by all somatic motor neurons at their synapses and always has an excitatory effect on skeletal muscle? acetylcholine norepinephrine endorphin adrenaline

acetylcholine

Reflexes that result from practice or repetition are known as __________. peripheral reflexes acquired reflexes sensory reflexes intrinsic reflexes

acquired reflexes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus? regulation of sleep-wake cycles body temperature regulation food intake regulation balance autonomic control

balance

Which of the following protects the brain from bloodborne metabolic wastes and most drugs? blood brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid pia mater dura mater

blood brain barrier

Proprioceptors advise the brain of __________. body movements temperature of the skin chemical imbalances pain localization

body movements

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? sensory receptors ganglia brain motor endings

brain

Which of the following is NOT one of the major regions of the brain stem? pons cerebellum medulla oblongata midbrain

cerebellum

Which of the following reflexes is particularly important in maintaining balance and often accompanies the flexor reflex in weight-bearing limbs? crossed extensor reflexes superficial reflexes deep tendon reflexes withdrawal reflexes

crossed extensor reflexes

Ability to discriminate between two mechanical stimuli (touch, stretch, vibration) applied to the skin requires the normal functioning of which spinal tract? lateral spinothalamic posterior spinocerebellar anterior corticospinal dorsal columns

dorsal columns

In a reflex arc, the muscle fiber or gland that responds to the efferent impulses is known as the __________. motor neuron receptor sensory neuron effector integration center

effector

Which of the following would you expect to observe in a patient with a tumor in the cerebellum? loss of hearing inability to execute smooth, steady movements inability to initiate voluntary movements loss of vision inability to perceive pain

inability to execute smooth, steady movements

If transmission of sensory information in _______ tract were blocked, the patient would be unable to sense pain from the skin: dorsal columns vestibulospinal corticospinal lateral spinothalamic

lateral spinothalamic

The ____________________ cerebral hemisphere excels in logical, analytical, sequential, and verbal tasks, such as math, language forms, and philosophy.

left

Damage to the lateral white matter of the spinal cord on the right at T8 could result in: loss of temperature and pain sensation from the leg paralysis of the right side of the face loss of spinal reflexes in the arm loss of spinal reflexes in the leg

loss of temperature and pain sensation from the leg

Damage to the dorsal columns, such as may occur in syphilis, would result in partial or complete: loss of two-point discrimination loss of pain sensation loss of conscious proprioception loss of temperature sensation loss of two-point discrimination and conscious proprioception

loss of two-point discrimination and conscious proprioception

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reflex? singing a song maintaining posture playing a musical instrument driving a car

maintaining posture

Which of the following regions acts as an autonomic reflex center of the brain? midbrain pons medulla oblongata cerebellum

medulla oblongata

Which of the following diseases is directly related to demyelination? cerebral palsy muscular dystrophy multiple sclerosis lupus

multiple sclerosis

Which of the following is NOT a part of the diencephalon? hypothalamus thalamus epithalamus perithalamus

perithalamus

Which of the following defines integration? monitoring changes both inside and outside the body activating effector organs processing and interpreting sensory input and determining what should be done at each moment in the body increasing the level of one substance in response to a decrease in the level of another

processing and interpreting sensory input and determining what should be done at each moment in the bod

​____________________ is the awareness of body position.

propioception

Bill has lost the ability to move his muscles on the left side of his body. His ability to sense pain, temperature, touch, and pressure are intact on both sides. Bill's spinal reflexes on both sides are also intact. Bill likely suffers from damage to the: left occipital assocation area right primary motor cortex right temporal cortex left hypothalamus

right primary motor cortex

In a reflex arc, the __________ transmits afferent impulses to the central nervous system. effector integration center receptor sensory neuron

sensory neuron

Which axonal tract is associated with conveying impulses for sensing warmth, coolness, itching, and deep pressure? No answer text provided. reticulospinal tract spinothalmic tract vestibulospinal tract

spinothalmic tract

The _______ reflex that causes a muscle to contract due to an increase in muscle length. crossed-extensor withdrawal tendon stretch

stretch

Which of the following coordinate head and eye movements when we visually follow a moving object? pneumotaxic center superior colliculi red nucleus inferior colliculi

superior colliculi

What is the function of the somatic nervous system? to stimulate involuntary muscles Remember that the somatic nervous system is the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscles. to stimulate skeletal muscles to stimulate glandular functions to signal pain and heat

to stimulate skeletal muscles

If your spinal cord was completely severed between C3 and C4 vertebrae you would lose: reflexes of the upper extremities pain sensation to the face upper motor neuron control of respiratory muscles reflexes of the lower extremities

upper motor neuron control of respiratory muscles

What plays a key role in mediating performance of fine, discrete, voluntary movements of the hands and fingers? ​corticospinal system ​supplementary motor area ​multineuronal system ​the pons ​premotor area

​corticospinal system

What ascending spinal tract carries pain and temperature sensations to the brain? ​vestibulospinal ​ventral spinocerebellar ​dorsal spinocerebellar ​lateral spinothalamic ​ventral spinothalamic

​lateral spinothalamic

​The withdrawal reflex is an example of what reflex category? ​innate reflex ​somatic reflex ​acquired reflex visceral reflex

​somatic reflex

The withdrawal reflex is an example of what reflex category? ​innate reflex ​arm reflex ​somatic reflex ​spinal reflex ​conditioned reflex

​spinal reflex

In the spinal cord, what matter is organized into tracts? ​glial cells ​grey matter ​ganglions ​pink mater ​white matter

​white matter

What is the difference between nerves and tracts? Bundles of neuron processes are called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS. Tracts are composed of many nerves wrapped into long, ropelike extensions. Bundles of neuron processes are called nerves in the CNS and tracts in the PNS. Tracts are bundles of neuron processes, and nerves are the conducting regions of neurons.

Bundles of neuron processes are called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS.

A bundle of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is a ganglion, whereas a bundle of axons in the PNS is a nerve. True False

False

Afferent fibers carrying incoming signals from peripheral receptors enter the spinal cord through the ventral horn. True False

False

The afferent division carries information away from the CNS. True False

False

​Afferent fibers carrying incoming signals from peripheral receptors enter the spinal cord through the ventral horn. True False

False