Quiz #5 - Personality, Psychological Disorders & Therapy

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? Freudian slip collective unconscious archetype repressed memory

Freudian slip

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her.

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? Thoughts cannot be changed. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior. Behavior can be conditioned. How you think determines how you feel.

How you think determines how you feel.

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised. Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart.

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion? Lana being late for dinner with her parents Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe Lana's parents not caring that she is late for dinner Lana feeling bad about herself

Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

Who developed psychoanalysis? Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Carl Rogers Dorothea Dix

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect? Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test? Would you make the same decisions your parent would make? Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. poor self-regulation good self-regulation an external locus on control an internal locus of control

an internal locus of control

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. specific actions that result in reactions reactions that are externally motivated anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded actions that are not internally motivated

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless hates being outside the home alone

appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. schizoid personality disorder Asperger's syndrome attention deficit hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? rapidly fluctuating mood becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self memory loss feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time

becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. humanistic biomedical cognitive RET

biomedical

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy. cognitive-behavioral client-centered personality-focused ECT

client-centered

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? aversion therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy free association classical conditioning

cognitive-behavioral therapy

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. catatonic behavior hallucinations disorganized thinking paranoid delusions

disorganized thinking

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. rational emotive therapy cognitive therapy transference free association

free association

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. moderate reciprocal determinism high self-efficacy low self-efficacy healthy cognitive processes

high self-efficacy

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________. that is similar to a word association test that is designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards in which people are presented with ambiguous images

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. obsessive-compulsive phobia personality anxiety

obsessive-compulsive

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. obsessive-compulsive disorder phobia psychosis mood disorder

phobia

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? cognitive-behavioral therapy play therapy RET ECT

play therapy

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. medicalization of patients process of closing large asylums decriminalization of patients treatment of those on parole and probation

process of closing large asylums

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? humanistic therapy psychodynamic psychotherapy cognitive therapy behavior therapy

psychodynamic psychotherapy

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? schizophrenia anxiety bipolar personality

schizophrenia

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. mood disorder bipolar disorder seasonal affective disorder persistent depressive disorder

seasonal affective disorder

How long does psychoanalysis typically take? one week of intensive sessions months weeks years

years