quiz 6

In many studies related to ___________, for example, correlational studies are the only options because we cannot subject someone to factors that may jeopardize their wellbeing for ethical reasons.

health

Which of the following is a correlational research question? a. do college students experience test anxiety? b. how often do college students report test anxiety? c. do college students who have test anxiety also have social anxiety? d. does test taking cause anxiety?

c

Which of the following statements is accurate? Correlational studies a. can provide a good test of a causal research question b. involve manipulating one variable and observing its effect on another variable c. can be used to answer descriptive and predictive research questions d. involve comparing two groups to see if they differ on a relevant criterion

can be used to answer descriptive and predictive research questions

Correlational studies are not well-suited for answering _________ research questions.

causal

In correlation research the outcome variable is comparable to the ___ variable and the predictor variable is comparable to the ___ variable.

dependent; independent

What types of research questions can you answer with correlational studies?

descriptive and predictive

A researcher concludes that the greater an employee's job satisfaction, the fewer days of work he misses. This is an example of a:

negative correlation

When a variable that is not of interest in a study may explain the results of a study this is called

the third variable problem.

Which of the following represents the correlational research design? a. Two groups of participants (those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed) are asked to perform a speeded cognitive task to compare performance for the two groups. b. Participants take a handedness questionnaire with score indicating the degree of right- and left-handedness to look for a relationship between handedness score and time to complete a cognitive task. c. Participants are randomly assigned to conditions where a cognitive task is given with speeded or non-speeded instructions to determine if there is an effect of instruction type of task performance.

B

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called:

a negative relationship.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with an increase in the other variable is called:

a positive relationship.

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, number of social activities attended per week decreases. Which of the following relationships can explain this finding? a. Introversion causes people to attend fewer social activities. b. Attending fewer social activities causes people to be introverted. c. Type of parenting received in childhood causes both introversion and attendance of social activities. d. All of the above.

all of the above

A correlational study cannot be used to determine causation because

no independent variable is manipulated

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from _______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

one

In a correlational study, the variable that is predicted by the predictor variable is called the ___________ variable.

outcome

In research on the correlation between applicants' interview performance and their job performance 6 months later, job performance is a(n):

outcome variable.

Strong _________ correlations between age and incidence of Alzheimer's Disease have been found such that by the time one reaches an age of 85, they have a 50% chance of getting Alzheimer's Disease.

positive

In a correlational study, the variable that is used to forecast the outcome variable is called the ___________ variable.

predictor

In a scatterplot, the __________ variable is typically plotted on the x-axis, whereas the ________ variable is typically plotted on the y-axis.

predictor; outcome

the goal of any correlational study is to examine relationships between_______ or more measures of behavior.

two