Quiz #9

Which is a consequence of leptin deficiency? A. Increased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus B. Decreased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus C. Decreased MCH in the lateral hypothalamic area D. Increased metabolism

A. Increased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus

Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus that receive a direct projection from leptin-sensitive cells in the arcuate nucleus contain which of the following peptide neurotransmitters? A. MCH and orexin B. NPY and CART C. αMSH and CART D. NPY and AgRP

A. MCH and orexin

Hypothalamic neurons maintain homeostasis by responding to a sensory stimulus with humoral, visceromotor, and somatic motor responses. Which of the following describes the humoral response? A. Stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones B. Regulating feedback to the central nervous system C. Adjusting the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic outputs of the ANS D. Inciting an appropriate somatic motor behavioral response

A. Stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones

Which of the following describes satiety signals responsible for short-term regulation of feeding behavior? A. Terminate a meal and inhibit feeding for some time afterward. B. Initiate a meal when leptin levels are low. C. Initiate a meal and maintain hunger during a meal. D. Initiate a meal when leptin levels are high.

A. Terminate a meal and inhibit feeding for some time afterward.

When your stomach is full, mechanosensory neurons in the stomach wall sense the distension and transmit the sensation to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla via which nerve? A. Vagus B. Hypoglossal C. Glossopharyngeal D. Trigeminal

A. Vagus

Which of the following is the process of breaking down complex macromolecules? A. Adiposity B. Prandial state C. Catabolism D. Anabolism

C. Catabolism

The assembly of macromolecules such as glycogen and triglycerides from simple precursors is called ____________.

anabolism

Which of the following represents the humoral response to a drop in leptin levels? A. Decreased secretion of TSH and ACTH from the pituitary gland B. Increased secretion of TSH and ACTH from the pituitary gland C. Activate the parasympathetic division of the ANS. D. Activate the sympathetic division of the ANS.

A. Decreased secretion of TSH and ACTH from the pituitary gland

Which of the following describes ghrelin? A. A peptide released by the magnocellular cells of the hypothalamus when the stomach is empty B. A peptide highly concentrated in the stomach that is released into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty C. A peptide highly concentrated in the intestines that is released into the bloodstream when the intestines are empty D. A peptide released by the magnocellular cells of the hypothalamus when the stomach is full

B. A peptide highly concentrated in the stomach that is released into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty

Warm- and cold-sensitive neurons are located in what part of the brain? A. Motor cortex B. Anterior hypothalamus C. OVLT D. Ventromedial hypothalamus

B. Anterior hypothalamus

How do neurons of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) respond when the blood becomes hypertonic? A. Stimulate rise in blood levels of angiotensin II and inhibit thirst B. Excite magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete vasopressin and stimulate osmometric thirst C. Inhibit magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete vasopressin and inhibit osmotic thirst D. Stimulate rise in blood levels of angiotensin II and stimulate thirst

B. Excite magnocellular neurosecretory cells that secrete vasopressin and stimulate osmometric thirst

Which of the following describes the ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome? A. Hypothalamic lesions that cause anorexia B. Hypothalamic lesions that cause overeating and obesity C. Condition characterized by a decrease in adiposity D. Reproductive incompetence with leptin deficiency

B. Hypothalamic lesions that cause overeating and obesity

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes insipidus? A. Hyperglycemia B. Large volumes of pale, watery urine C. No urine production D. Glucose in urine

B. Large volumes of pale, watery urine

Anorexia can result from damage to which of the following parts of the brain? A. Vascular organ of lamina terminalis B. Lateral hypothalamus C. Ventromedial hypothalamus D. Dorsal thalamus

B. Lateral hypothalamus

Insulin levels are maximal during which of the following phases of the body's reaction to feeding behavior? A. Cephalic B. Substrate C. Gastric D. Digestion

B. Substrate

Which neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus respond to an increase in blood leptin levels? A. TSH/ACTH neurons B. Adipocytes C. NPY/AgRP neurons D. αMSH/CART neurons

D. αMSH/CART neurons

Glycogen reserves are found in adipose tissue. True or false?

False

CCK is a gastrointestinal satiety peptide released by cells of the intestines in response to the presence of fatty food. True or false?

True

Dopamine-depleted animals appear to lack the motivation to seek food even though they seem to enjoy it when it is available. True or false?

True

Serotonin levels in the hypothalamus spike during a meal, especially in response to carbohydrates. True or false?

True