Quiz 9

environment and culture

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

Physical

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

post-conventional

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

proxy

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.

permissive

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

disorganized

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

gross

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

egocentrism

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen (a character in the movie Cars), reasoning that since he loves the movie Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

assimilation

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

formal operational

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

identity vs. confusion

Adolescents (ages 12-18 years) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

integrity vs. despair

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

milestones

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental

sensorimotor

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

concreate operational

During Piaget's ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

frontal

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

Early maturing girls are ________.

pre-conventional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

object permanence

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

The goal of hospice care is to provide

neuroconstructivist

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person's cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

secure

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

bargaining

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

discontinuous

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

object permanence

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

younger average age for marriage

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

Vygotsky

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Schemata

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.