Quiz: Ch. 26: Bleeding

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include: A) pain and distention. B) widespread ecchymosis. C) significant hypotension. D) bruising only.

A) pain and distention.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours? A) skeletal muscle B) kidneys C) heart D) brain

A) skeletal muscle

4. Which of the following sets of vital signs is LEAST indicative of internal bleeding? A. BP, 140/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations, 8 breaths/min B. BP, 100/50 mm Hg; pulse rate, 120 beats/min; respirations, 24 breaths/min C. BP, 98/60 mm Hg; pulse rate, 110 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min D. BP, 102/48 mm Hg; pulse rate, 100 beats/min; respirations, 22 breaths/min

A. BP, 140/90 mm Hg; pulse rate, 58 beats/min; respirations, 8 breaths/min

8. A 70-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. When you arrive, you find him leaning over a basin, which contains an impressive amount of blood. He has a history of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and migraine headaches. His BP is 180/100 and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his nosebleed? A. His blood pressure B. His history of diabetes C. The fact that he is elderly D. His heart rate of 100 beats/min

A. His blood pressure

1. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system? A. Heart B. Lungs C. Venules D. Plasma

B. Lungs

7. When applying a tourniquet to an amputated arm, the EMT should: A. use the narrowest bandage possible. B. avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint. C. cover the tourniquet with a sterile bandage. D. use rope to ensure that the tourniquet is tight.

B. avoid applying the tourniquet over a joint.

6. The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is: A. a pressure bandage. B. direct pressure and elevation. C. a splint. D. a tourniquet.

B. direct pressure and elevation.

10. Controlling internal bleeding requires: A. applying a tourniquet. B. surgery in a hospital. C. positioning the patient in the sitting position. D. providing slow and considerate transport.

B. surgery in a hospital.

9. When caring for a patient with severe epistaxis, the MOST effective way to prevent aspiration of blood is to: A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and lean the patient back. B. tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning forward. C. place the patient supine with his or her head in the flexed position. D. tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning backward.

B. tilt the patient's head forward while he or she is leaning forward.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the: A) ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate blood pressure. B) effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells. C) circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs. D) effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls.

C) circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

2. Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as: A. the removal of adequate amounts of carbon dioxide during exhalation. B. the intake of adequate amounts of oxygen during the inhalation phase. C. circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen. D. the production of carbon dioxide, which accumulates at the cellular level.

C. circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: A) acute appendicitis. B) intrathoracic hemorrhaging. C) an aortic aneurysm. D) gastrointestinal bleeding.

D) gastrointestinal bleeding.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should: A) apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound. B) splint the arm and keep it below heart level. C) replace the dressing with another dressing. D) place additional dressings over the wound.

D) place additional dressings over the wound.

3. A man involved in a motorcycle crash has multiple abrasions and lacerations. Which of the following injuries has the HIGHEST treatment priority? A. Widespread abrasions to the back with pinkish ooze B. 3-inch laceration to the forehead with dark red, flowing blood C. Laceration to the forearm with obvious debris in the wound D. 1-inch laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

D. 1-inch laceration to the thigh with spurting, bright red blood

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? A. Position the patient with his injured side down B. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis C. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport D. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

D. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

5. When caring for a patient with internal bleeding, the EMT must first: A. ensure a patent airway. B. obtain baseline vital signs. C. control any external bleeding. D. take appropriate standard precautions.

D. take appropriate standard precautions.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should: a. apply direct pressure to the wound b. provide high-flow oxygen c. cover the patient with a blanket d. obtain baseline vital signs

a. apply direct pressure to the wound

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: a. hematemesis. b. dyspnea c. hemoptysis d. hematuria

a. hematemesis.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: a. systolic blood pressure. b. poor general appearance c. clinical signs and symptoms d. the mechanism of injury

a. systolic blood pressure.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? a. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen b. an effectively pumping heart c. an intact system of blood vessels d. adequate blood in the vasculature

a. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct? a. Venous and capillary blood typically do not clot spontaneously b. A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting. c. Bleeding begins to clot when the end of a damaged blood vessel dilates d. Direct contact with the environment prevents blood from clotting

b. A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? a. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting b. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. c. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia d. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets

b. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Capillaries link the arterioles and the: a. Veins b. Venules c. aorta d. cells

b. Venules

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: a. digital pressure to a proximal artery b. a tourniquet proximal to the injury c. a splint and elevate the extremity d. additional sterile dressings

b. a tourniquet proximal to the injury

All of the following should be addressed during the primary assessment EXCEPT: a. severe hemorrhage b. capillary bleeding c. slow, shallow breathing d. airway obstruction

b. capillary bleeding

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: a. obtain baseline vital signs b. apply a nonrebreathing mask c. assist the patient's ventilations. d. perform a secondary assessment

c. assist the patient's ventilations.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume: a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20%

d. 20%

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by: a. compressing a pressure point b. elevating the injured extremity c. packing the wound with gauze d. applying local direct pressure.

d. applying local direct pressure.

Hypoperfusion is another name for: a. cellular death b. cyanosis c. hypoxemia d. shock

d. shock

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: a. a low blood pressure b. diaphoresis and pale skin c. a heart rate over 120 bpm d. weakness or dizziness.

d. weakness or dizziness.