Quiz Review
The results of Berkowitz and LePage's (1967) weapons effect study is most consistent with which of the following statements? "The finger pulls the trigger, but the trigger may also be pulling the finger." "Guns do not kill people; people do." "There can never be too many guns for personal safety." "People do not have control over whether they pull the trigger of a gun or not; it is influenced by the presence of a gun."
"The finger pulls the trigger, but the trigger may also be pulling the finger."
Five candidates are interviewing for an open school social work position. The interviews all take place in one day prior to the start of a two-week holiday break. After holiday break is over, the interview team will meet to make their decision. Given this information, which interview time slot should a candidate choose on interview day if these options are available to them? 10:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
Which percentage of college women report having been raped? 6% to 15% 0% 1% to 5% 20% to 25%
6% to 15%
The Stanford prison experiment has been compared with which situation? Abu Ghraib the Bay of Pigs the explosion of Space Shuttle Columbia September 11, 2001
Abu Ghraib
According to the theory of planned behavior, which of the following statements BEST captures the role of attitudes in producing behavior? - A person's attitudes play no role in producing their behavior; instead, people change their attitudes to match their behavior after the fact. - A person's attitudes are one factor that influences their behavioral intentions, and behavioral intentions in turn directly influence behavior. - A person's attitudes interact with their behavioral intentions to ultimately result in the actual behavior they engage in. - A person's attitudes are influenced by their behavioral intentions, and the attitudes a person ends up with directly influence behavior.
A person's attitudes are one factor that influences their behavioral intentions, and behavioral intentions in turn directly influence behavior.
What was Freud's term for what he proposed is the human inborn instinct to seek pleasure and to create? superego Eros ethos Thanatos
Eros
Choose the answer that BEST reflects the relationship between media and aggression based on the existing research. Exposure to nonviolent media increases the prevalence of aggression in society. Exposure to violent media decreases the prevalence of aggression in society. Exposure to nonviolent media decreases the prevalence of aggression in society. Exposure to violent media increases the prevalence of aggression in society.
Exposure to violent media increases the prevalence of aggression in society.
Based on your understanding of research pertaining to injunctive, descriptive, and dynamic norms, which of the following individuals would be most likely to support abolishment of the death penalty as a punishment for capital murder convictions in the United States? Finn, who is reminded that killing someone is widely disapproved of among American citizens, but not reminded that public support for abolishing the death penalty has been rapidly increasing recently Cami, who is not reminded that killing someone is widely disapproved of among American citizens, as well as not reminded that public support for abolishing the death penalty has been rapidly increasing recently Karen, who is reminded that killing someone is widely disapproved of among American citizens, as well as reminded that public support for abolishing the death penalty has been rapidly increasing recently Casey, who is not reminded that killing someone is widely disapproved of among American citizens, but is reminded that public support for abolishing the death penalty has been rapidly increasing recently
Karen, who is reminded that killing someone is widely disapproved of among American citizens, as well as reminded that public support for abolishing the death penalty has been rapidly increasing recently
The sleeper effect as a concept is consistent with which of the following individuals being perceived as increasingly trustworthy as a source of information over time? Ava, who is perceived as an expert on a topic but does not provide a compelling argument pertaining to the topic Lindsey, who is not perceived as an expert on a topic and provides a very compelling argument pertaining to the topic Sam, who is perceived as an expert on a topic and provides a very compelling argument pertaining to the topic Courtney, who is not perceived as an expert on a topic and does not provide a compelling argument pertaining to the topic
Lindsey, who is not perceived as an expert on a topic and provides a very compelling argument pertaining to the topic
Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to behave aggressively? Patrick, who is highly intelligent Lonnie, who is a narcissist Molly, who is low in impulsivity Sean, who is unreliable
Lonnie, who is a narcissist
Reduced levels of which enzyme have been associated with violent and antisocial behavior? testosterone SSRI MAO-A SSNRI
MAO-A
Carl has a dislike of, and a negative emotional reaction toward, individuals who belong to a certain political group. This is an example of: - outgroup homogeneity - prejudice - a stereotype - discrimination.
Prejudice
Which of the following is a characteristic of prejudice from a social psychological perspective? - Prejudice is easily able to be reduced. - Prejudice is easily able to be observed in others. - Prejudice often leads to appalling acts of violence. - Prejudice can be studied with ease
Prejudice often leads to appalling acts of violence.
From an existential perspective, which of the following individuals is most likely to view the groups they belong to more favorably? Andy, who is from an individualistic culture Sam, who recently attended the funeral of a close friend Annie, who recently attended church Connie, who is in a very positive mood
Sam, who recently attended the funeral of a close friend
_____ is a tendency to conform to what an individual believes respected others think and do. Social proof Reciprocity Scarcity The foot-in-the-door effect
Social proof
One variation of Milgram's "Electric eshock" study uncovered that individuals were less likely to obey an authority figure if two other teachers refused to obey the authority figure. This is similar to the research findings of _____ in that social influence from a majority of group members or authority figure is reduced when a dissenter has allies in dissent. Ellen Langer Solomon Asch Phillip Zimbardo Muzafer Sherif
Solomon Asch
Which of the following statements pertaining to stereotypes is correct? - Although stereotypes have been demonstrated to influence a person's behavior, they have not been demonstrated to influence how a person interprets other individuals' behaviors. - The categorization process that activates stereotypes is mostly objective. - Stereotypes have been found to distort how memories are recalled. - Individuals tend to attend to information that does not conform with their stereotypes.
Stereotypes have been found to distort how memories are recalled.
What was Freud's term for what he proposed is the human inborn instinct to aggress and to destroy? affective aggression Thanatos Eros instrumental aggression
Thanatos
A firefighter rushes into a house to save a child from a raging fire, even though doing so is of no direct benefit to himself. Moreover, helping this child actually threatens this firefighter's life. This example best illustrates: empathy. altruism. the norm of reciprocity. kin selection.
altruism.
Victor simultaneously believes that all Blacks should be treated fairly in society and that most Blacks do not try hard enough to improve their lives. This example best illustrates _____ racism. - implicit - aversive - subtle - ambivalent
ambivalent
The starting point regarding the self-fulfilling prophecy is: - a behavior - discrimination - master status - an expectation.
an expectation
Which of the following is an example discussed in the text of how researchers have measured aggression in the laboratory? assessing voice pitch assessing the degree to which individuals physically assault others assessing the degree which individuals shoot an actual gun assessing the degree to which individuals dole out doses of painfully spicy hot sauce
assessing the degree to which individuals dole out doses of painfully spicy hot sauce
What term refers to a person's evaluation of a stimulus, which can range from positive to negative? persuasion central route to persuasion elaboration likelihood model attitude
attitude
A man who makes a blatantly sexist statement during an interview with a woman applicant may cause her less stress than a man who treats her in a benevolent, patronizing manner that reinforces gender stereotypes. This can best be explained by greater _____ in the second case. concealment rejection identification attributional ambiguity target empowerment
attributional ambiguity
A phenomenon whereby members of stigmatized groups often can be uncertain whether negative experiences are based on their own actions and abilities or the result of prejudice is known as: - target empowerment. - rejection identification. - concealment. - attributional ambiguity.
attributional ambiguity.
According to _____, the motivation to maintain consistency among one's thoughts colors how people form new attitudes and can also drive them to change existing attitudes. the mere exposure effect the recency effect balance theory the primacy effect
balance theory
People who have a high need for cognition are more persuaded through which route to persuasion? central fast slow peripheral
central
A worldview in which group identities are ignored and people are judged solely on their individual merits, thereby avoiding any judgment based on group membership, is called: - multicultural ideology. - right-wing authoritarianism. - colorblind ideology. - social dominance orientation
colorblind ideology.
A worldview in which group identities are ignored and people are judged solely on their individual merits, thereby avoiding any judgment based on group membership, is called: social dominance orientation. colorblind ideology. right-wing authoritarianism. multicultural ideology.
colorblind ideology.
A _____ arises when groups form among individuals who share similar characteristics. communal share market share common bond common identity
common identity
Group stereotypes that mix positive and negative characteristics as a way to justify the status quo are called: disparaging biases. complementary stereotypes. ingroup biases. relative stereotypes.
complementary stereotypes.
Which of the following situational factors does not tend to increase the likelihood of groupthink? concern about reaching group consensus is low when a powerful group leader voices his or her views the group is isolated from outside sources of information concern about being liked by individual group members is high
concern about reaching group consensus is low
The phenomenon whereby an individual alters his or her beliefs, attitudes, or behavior to bring them in accordance with those of a majority is known as: conformity. obedience. private acceptance. compliance.
conformity.
One result of being the member of a group that is chronically stereotyped is: enhanced self-awareness. devaluing the stereotype- relevant domain. becoming empowered as a target. attributional ambiguity.
devaluing the stereotype- relevant domain.
Aggression directed to a target other than the source of one's frustration is called _____ aggression. triggered displaced misplaced displaced instrumental
displaced
The central route to persuasion is to _____ thinking as the peripheral route to persuasion is to _____ thinking. automatic; effortful effortful; automatic heuristic; automatic automatic; heuristic
effortful; automatic
Based on research, arguments presented _____ tend to be most effective. rarely in the middle of a presentation frequently either first or last in a presentation
either first or last in a presentation
The degree to which a collection of people feels like a cohesive group is called: uncertainty-identity. entitativity. ingroup bias. norm basis.
entitativity.
Barney is motivated to avoid prejudiced reactions and does so whenever possible, mostly because of the social costs he might incur by acting in a prejudiced manner. This is an example of a motive stemming from a(n) _____ to avoid prejudiced reactions. - internalized goal - counterstereotypic narrative - external pressure - oppositional culture
external pressure
Keith works in an office in which everyone shares a community coffee pot. Everyone agrees to take a turn in buying coffee for the month during the year. Keith drinks more than his fair share of coffee and never takes his turn buying coffee for the community. Keith is best described as a: prisoner. free rider. freeloader. benefactor.
free rider.
Individuals who take more than their fair share from the common pool or fail to contribute to a valued resource are called: supporters. freeloaders. free riders. benefactors.
free riders.
John is trying to persuade a group of Little League coaches that another team should be added to the league. However, none of the other coaches think this is a good idea. Based on research regarding effective minority influence, which of the following strategies would likely be MOST effective for John? being inflexible about the majority opinion getting one other coach to agree that adding another team is a good idea being humble and gracious while listening to the other coaches' points of view creating an "us-versus-them" mentality between himself and the rest of the coaches
getting one other coach to agree that adding another team is a good idea
At work on Monday, Lane chats with his friends about the win the previous day of the Chicago Bears football team. Lane's friends, like him, think that the coach of the Bears did a phenomenal job in the game. Following their conversation, Lane has an even more positive attitude toward the coach than he initially had by himself. This example best illustrates: social comparison. groupthink. group polarization. group bias.
group polarization.
Which of the following is not consistent with a manner in which individuals from marginalized societal groups justify or reinforce existing hierarchies that disadvantage their group relative to others? complementary stereotypes identity fusion idealizing high status relative deprivation theory
identity fusion
The tendency to favor groups to which a person belongs more than those they do not is called: entitativity. ingroup bias. uncertainty-identity theory. social identity theory.
ingroup bias.
Terry has started an organization in which teens can go for after-school programming and extra support. The programming and resources at the organization are designed to increase adolescents' feelings of self-worth and self-esteem. This is an example of a(n) _____ intervention and should have the effect of _____ aggression among the teens that take part in the program. societal; increasing societal; reducing individual; reducing individual; increasing
individual; reducing
In a classic method for studying cognitive dissonance, participants are prompted to engage in a counterattitudinal behavior. This method is called: spreading of alternatives. the free-choice paradigm. effort justification. induced compliance.
induced compliance.
Harm-seeking done to another person that serves some other goal is called: hostile aggression. violence. affective aggression. instrumental aggression.
instrumental aggression.
At work, Tammy overhears a male colleague making a sexist joke at the expense of a female colleague also present. Research presented in Chapter 11 indicates that Tammy would be _____ to come to the targeted woman's defense compared with what one might expect. - less likely - a little more likely - considerably more likely - just about as likely
less likely
One resident of a small town believes that the water from his faucets has started to make him sick. He spreads the word throughout the town that the water supply is tainted. Soon, everyone in town starts experiencing symptoms of sickness. However, later testing of the water indicates that there was nothing wrong with it. This example best illustrates _____ that occurs most often due to the _____. - mass psychogenic illness; confirmation bias - social learning; confirmation bias - social learning; gambler's fallacy - mass psychogenic illness; gambler's fallacy
mass psychogenic illness; confirmation bias
The process by which dissenters produce attitude change within a group, despite the risk of social rejection and disturbance of the status quo, is called: social influence. cultural influence. minority influence. neuroscience.
minority influence.
Otis is a one-year-old puppy. He learns that if he sits nicely while his owners are eating their dinner, they will feed him part of their meal. As a result, he sits nicely every time his owners are eating their meal because he knows he will receive the reward of food for doing so. This example best illustrates learning via: operant conditioning. social learning theory. the chameleon effect. classical conditioning.
operant conditioning.
Carl has had several recent setbacks. One year ago, he lost his job at the mill. He has been unable to find work since, and recently his health began to deteriorate. He recently assaulted his wife, largely due to the frustration and lack of control he is feeling with his work and health. Carl is an example of a(n) _____ abuser. psychotic negative borderline overcontrolled
overcontrolled
Which factor was identified as the most important variable leading to obedience in Milgram's "Electric eshock" research studies? - perception of a legitimate authority figure - closer authority figure proximity - participant education - further a victim distance
perception of a legitimate authority figure
Which factor was identified as the most important variable leading to obedience in Milgram's "Electric eshock" research studies? perception of a legitimate authority figure further a victim distance participant education closer authority figure proximity
perception of a legitimate authority figure
The appearance of credibility is to the _____ as argument quality is to the _____. - central route to persuasion; peripheral route to persuasion - sleeper effect; peripheral route to persuasion - peripheral route to persuasion; central route to persuasion - central route to persuasion; sleeper effect
peripheral route to persuasion; central route to persuasion
Mary works out regularly and eats healthy foods. Mary does so because she does not want to be like a few of her family members, who are obese. Mary is high in _____ focus. a healthy promotion prevention avoidance
prevention
Conforming by altering one's own personal beliefs as well as public behavior is: private acceptance. normative influence. informational influence. public compliance.
private acceptance.
One year after completing the Sherif (1936) "dot" study, participants completed the same task again individually. Results indicated that they gave responses consistent with the group norm that had been set one year earlier when completing this task with others. These results indicate that the conformity demonstrated by participants in the Sherif (1936) "dot" task was characterized by: public compliance. a reference group effect. minority influence. private acceptance.
private acceptance.
Based on research, women expecting to interact with a sexist man were _____ to detect sexism-related words. more often able quicker slower unconsciously able
quicker
A news report claims that tensions have increased at the Mexico and United States border due to increasing competition for blue-collar, low-wage, and mid-wage jobs. These increasing tensions are most consistent with _____ theory. - intergroup anxiety - unrealistic group conflict - intragroup anxiety - realistic group conflict
realistic group conflict
Explicit attitudes are better at predicting _____ behavior, and implicit attitudes are better at predicting _____ behavior. spontaneous; reasoned specific; general reasoned; spontaneous general; specific
reasoned; spontaneous
A group with which an individual strongly identifies is a _____ group. reference self-efficacy social learning
reference
Telling someone to do something in the hopes that they will do the opposite is known as: reasons-generated attitude change. the theory of planned behavior. reverse psychology. attitude inoculation.
reverse psychology.
Telling someone to do something in the hopes that they will do the opposite is known as: reverse psychology. reasons-generated attitude change. the theory of planned behavior. attitude inoculation.
reverse psychology.
A phenomenon whereby intense cultural scrutiny of the female body leads many girls and women to view themselves as something to be looked at and judged is called: - self-objectification. - stigma consciousness. - a self-fulfilling prophecy. - the person-group discrimination discrepancy.
self objectification
Chuck agrees to sign a petition for a local man running for state representative. Agreeing to this small request makes it more likely that Chuck will agree to a subsequent larger request, such as putting a sign up in his yard for the candidate. One reason this may occur is that Chuck infers he must like the candidate due to his initial behavior of signing the petition. This example best illustrates how the foot-in-the-door effect can be driven by: reciprocity. behavioral drive theory. self-perception theory. attribution theory.
self-perception theory.
Paul is a supervisor for a local company. When interviewing a woman for an open position, he focuses on her attractive personal appearance instead of her answers to the interview questions. This best illustrates _____, and as a result of his behavior, Paul will be less likely to perceive the interviewee as _____. - ambivalent sexism; competent and warm - sexual objectification; competent and warm - ambivalent sexism; warm - sexual objectification; warm
sexual objectification; competent and warm
Social proof is to _____ as scarcity is to _____. reciprocity; freedom of choice being violated social comparison theory; freedom of choice being violated social comparison theory; reciprocity freedom of choice being violated; social comparison theory
social comparison theory; freedom of choice being violated
What occurs when an individual exerts less effort when performing as part of a collective or group than when performing as an individual? social facilitation social loafing social evaluation deindividuation
social loafing
Right-wing authoritarianism is to prejudice toward _____ groups as social dominance orientation is to prejudice toward _____ groups - socially deviant; weaker - religious; sexual minority - sexual minority; religious - weaker; socially deviant
socially deviant; weaker
In the dissonance paradigm of free choice, the process whereby people reevaluate their initial judgment of objects after choosing between them is called: induced compliance. minimal deterrence. spreading of alternatives. trivialization.
spreading of alternatives.
Uri believes that all his classmates disapprove of his use of his phone in class. This is an example of a(n): subjective norm. implicit attitude. objective norm. intention.
subjective norm.
Which of the following elements does NOT influence the confidence an individual has in a communicated message? - the metacognition of the individual being presented the communicative message - nonverbal behavior, such as head nodding, by the individual being presented the communicative message - the attractiveness level of the individual being presented the communicative message - the use of vivid examples in an argument
the attractiveness level of the individual being presented the communicative message
The effect that occurs when people who hold the minority position take longer to express their opinions is called: the minority slowness effect. private acceptance. informational influence. minority influence.
the minority slowness effect.
The adage "You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" is most consistent with which of the following concepts? prosocial behavior the norm of reciprocity kin selection altruism
the norm of reciprocity
What does the Robbers Cave study dramatically demonstrate? - the power of equal status to reduce prejudice - the power of superordinate goals to reduce prejudice - the power of institutional support to reduce prejudice - the power of colorblind ideology to reduce prejudice
the power of superordinate goals to reduce prejudice
The finding that teachers' expectations of students' abilities can subtly shape their interactions with those students in ways that confirm their stereotypes is an example of: the self-fulfilling prophecy. the person-group discrimination discrepancy. master status. stigma consciousness.
the self-fulfilling prophecy.
The phenomenon whereby people can remember a message but forget where it came from is called: the sleeper effect. the rebound effect. source credibility. a peripheral cue.
the sleeper effect.
Why does research indicate that victims of violent crime also are more likely to be drunk? there are fewer other individuals available to help them they are more likely to have previous criminal records they are more likely to be engaging in illegal activities they are less able to read others' social cues
they are less able to read others' social cues
An attitude researcher is studying the topic of LGBTQ prejudice (i.e., homophobia and transphobia). The researcher wants to use a self-report method, but is concerned that people may not be honest in reporting their attitudes on this sensitive topic. The researcher should _____ in order to obtain more honest self-reports. use standard self-report methods use implicit attitude measures use a bogus pipeline procedure ask participants to tell the truth
use a bogus pipeline procedure
The need to survive, manage uncertainty, bolster self-esteem, and manage mortality concerns each influence why people join groups, as well as: why groups perform better on difficult tasks. why people leave groups. why groups make more extreme decisions than individuals. why groups make better decisions than individuals.
why groups make more extreme decisions than individuals.
Alexia is about to give an oral presentation to her class. She has not practiced the oral presentation at all. In the presence of others, she will likely experience physiological arousal that makes her perform _____ than if she were by herself. This is consistent with _____ theory. worse; social facilitation worse; social loafing better; social loafing better; social facilitation
worse; social facilitation
Amanda is trying to convince her parents to loan her money to help pay for a new car. Her parents currently do not think it is a good idea to loan her money for the car. Which of the following arguments would probably work best for Amanda in order to persuade her parents to loan her money for the car? "I know this car is quite expensive and this model has been known to have mechanical issues." "I need your help to pay for the car." "I know this car is quite expensive and this model has been known to have mechanical issues, but I think the purchase price will come down soon, and my boyfriend is a mechanic." "The car gets great gas mileage and is very safe."
"I know this car is quite expensive and this model has been known to have mechanical issues, but I think the purchase price will come down soon, and my boyfriend is a mechanic."
Nicole is trying to convince her parents to loan her money to help pay for a new car. Her parents are already leaning toward saying yes. Which of the following arguments would probably work best for Nicole in order to persuade her parents to loan her the money? - "The car gets great gas mileage and is very safe." - "I know this car is quite expensive and this model has been known to have mechanical issues." - "I know this car is quite expensive, but I think the purchase price will come down soon, and my boyfriend is a mechanic." - "I need your help to pay for the car."
"The car gets great gas mileage and is very safe."
Consider that students are about to attend a public forum where an announcement will be made about a plan to increase the tuition at the local university they will attend in the next academic year. According to research on conversion theory after attending the planned increase announcement, which of the following individuals will be most likely to advocate for the tuition plan increase by volunteering to staff local public education events? Nicole, who originally was for the tuition increase plan but was influenced to disfavor the plan after attending the tuition increase plan announcement Gilda, who originally was against the tuition increase plan but was persuaded to favor the plan after being persuaded by a classmate Otis, who originally was for the tuition increase plan but did not attend the tuition increase plan announcement Xavier, who originally was against the tuition increase plan but was persuaded to favor the plan after being persuaded by the students in his investment club class
Gilda, who originally was against the tuition increase plan but was persuaded to favor the plan after being persuaded by a classmate
Which of the following individuals would be most likely to engage in aversive racism? - Carmen, determining whether to hire a Black or White applicant when she is feeling good about herself - Kinsie, determining whether to hire a Black or White applicant in a situation in which both candidates are moderately well-qualified - Jamie, determining whether to hire a Black or White applicant in a situation in which the White applicant is clearly a stronger candidate - Carl, determining whether to hire a Black or White applicant in a situation in which the Black applicant is clearly a stronger candidate
Kinsie, determining whether to hire a Black or White applicant in a situation in which both candidates are moderately well-qualified
Based on research from Fein and Spencer (1997), which of the following individuals should be most likely to act in a discriminatory fashion? - Lacey, who just got a bonus check in the mail - Barbara, who just got home from work - Mary, who just watched a movie - Macy, who just learned she failed an exam
Macy, who just learned she failed an exam
Based on research pertaining to politics, morality, and persuasion, which of the following individuals will present the most persuasive messages pertaining to the legality of same-sex marriage? Lucy, who is framing same-sex marriage in terms of loyalty to marriage partners and family to both liberal audience members and conservative audience members Tom, who is framing same-sex marriage in terms of fairness and equality to liberal audience members and in terms of loyalty to marriage partners and family to conservative audience members Donna, who is framing same-sex marriage in terms of fairness and equality to both liberal audience members and conservative audience members Cindy, who is framing same-sex marriage in terms of loyalty to marriage partners and family to liberal audience members and in terms of equality and fairness to conservative audience members
Tom, who is framing same-sex marriage in terms of fairness and equality to liberal audience members and in terms of loyalty to marriage partners and family to conservative audience members
Which of the following individuals will be least likely to emphasize identification with the group to which they belong when primed about their own mortality? Cindi, who is a Christian and perceives that she has control over how she applies the Christian doctrine to her life Amanda, who is an American and perceives this identification to be permanent Tori, who is an American but does not perceive this identification to be permanent Heather, who is a Christian and does not perceive that she has control over how she applies the Christian doctrine to her life
Tori, who is an American but does not perceive this identification to be permanent
Maya is interested in purchasing a new car, and an advertisement comes on the television for a new car. However, she is distracted by her phone and is currently working on her homework as the advertisement plays on the television in the background. Which of the following elements of the commercial would be most likely to persuade Maya that the car would be a solid purchase? - an attractive model presenting the car - a description of positive features about the car - the gas mileage of the car - the safety features of the car
an attractive model presenting the car
Which theoretical approach below provides a perspective from which to make predictions about how persuasive communication will be based on a consideration of "who (i.e., source) says what (i.e., message characteristics) to whom (i.e., audience)?"? prototype/willingness model theory of planned behavior elaboration likelihood model balance theory
elaboration likelihood model
Which of the following is not a reason why alcohol intoxication is such a significant contributor to aggression from a self-regulatory perspective? reduced serotonin levels less consideration of the consequences of one's actions reduced impulse control less distress pertaining to the mistakes one makes
reduced serotonin levels
Social proof is to _____ as scarcity is to _____. - social comparison theory; freedom of choice being violated - reciprocity; freedom of choice being violated - social comparison theory; reciprocity - freedom of choice being violated; social comparison theory
social comparison theory; freedom of choice being violated
Consider the following statement: "Some groups of people are simply not the equal of others." A person who strongly believes in this statement would be high in: - social dominance orientation. - left-wing authoritarianism. - right-wing authoritarianism. - a need for structured knowledge
social dominance orientation.
Making a pros and cons list before deciding whether or not to help another person is MOST consistent with: kin selection. prosocial behavior. social exchange theory. the norm of reciprocity.
social exchange theory.
The influence of family members and the media on increasing aggression best illustrates the role of _____ in increasing aggression. excitation transfer theory classical conditioning operant conditioning social learning
social learning
If an individual has been inoculated against a persuasive message by receiving weak arguments in support of that message, research indicates that one additional benefit is that they: will be more motivated to pay attention to the message. will demonstrate less psychological reactance. will be more open to arguments from legitimate authorities on the same topic. will be in a more positive mood.
will be more open to arguments from legitimate authorities on the same topic.
If an individual has been inoculated against a persuasive message by receiving weak arguments in support of that message, research indicates that one additional benefit is that they: - will be more motivated to pay attention to the message. - will be more open to arguments from legitimate authorities on the same topic. - will demonstrate less psychological reactance. - will be in a more positive mood.
will be more open to arguments from legitimate authorities on the same topic.
Anna is a parent of a 7-year-old. She is worried that consuming violent media will lead her child to behave more aggressively. According to research, which of the following parenting strategies would be useful for reducing the likelihood that subsequent exposure to media violence leads to higher aggression levels within her child? working with her child to distinguish between "pretend" aggression and "real" aggression in media depictions and in the real world gradually exposing her child to increasingly violent media such that her child is better able to tolerate it without imitating the violence overwhelming her child with extremely violent media such that it makes her child never want to consume violent media again in the future modeling aggression to provide her child a baseline comparison
working with her child to distinguish between "pretend" aggression and "real" aggression in media depictions and in the real world
