Quizzes

A theory is defined as: - A set of concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon - The conscious awareness of a lived experience - Terms that abstractly describe and name an object or idea - Description of how the operational variables are measured

A set of concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon

A researcher classifies words and phrases that occur in data collected in a qualitative study. This process is called: - Dwelling the data - Coding the data - Describing the data - Interpreting the data

Coding the data

A researcher evaluates whether a tool addresses the major elements of the construct being studied - Equivalence - Readability level - Content validity - Internal consistency

Content validity

A nurse conducts a study to examine the effects of a new intervention on FEV1 levels in patients with COPD and uses all patients admitted to a hospital during a 2-month period. This is an example of which type of sampling method? - Convenience - Network - Quota - Random

Convenience

A researcher identifies a socioeconomic group of people to study. After developing a rapport with key members of the group, gettin information about group members from the key members, and spending time working among group members, the researcher prepares a written report about the group based on this experience. Which type of qualitative research does this represent? - Ethnographic - Grounded theory - Historical - Phenomenological

Ethnographic

What type of qualitative research method would be used to describe and interpret a culture and cultural behavior? - Grounded theory - Ethnographic research - Exploratory-descriptive - Phenomenological

Ethnographic research

In a study of patients who have dementia, a researcher wishes to examine the effects of moderate exercise on patients' abilities to perform self-care. The researcher decides to use subjects between 70 to 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with dementia for less than 1 year. A patient who is 65 years old meets - Inclusion criteria - Sampling criteria - Exclusion criteria - Eligibility criteria

Exclusion criteria

All significant results are considered clinically important - True - False

False

The process of acquiring study participants and collecting the data for a study is observational measurement - True - False

False

Using the PICO format to develop your clinical question will make it more difficult to conduct a successful literature review - True - False

False

When a researcher concludes that study findings are applicable to the total population, this is an example of - Generalization - Inference - Probability - Significance

Generalization

Which of the following statements is false regarding limitations in research? - Limitations are restrictions or problems in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings - Study limitations can often include methodological limitations such as weak designs, nonrepresentative samples, and limited control - Most researchers identify the limitations of their study in the research report and explain how this may have impacted their study findings - Limitations synthesize the findings and methodology

Limitations synthesize the findings and methodology

Which of the following statements about Outcomes is false? - Outcomes research for individuals with chronic conditions includes aspects of quality of care, functioning, symptoms management, and mortality - Outcomes research is concerned with the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and health services - Outcomes research cannot be used for patients with chronic conditions - Outcomes research is a rigorous scientific method that is focused on the end results of patient care

Outcomes research cannot be used for patients with chronic conditions

What does PRISMA stand for? - Possible Refereed Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Preferred Reviewed Items for Systematic Analyses - Preferential Returned Items for Systematic Analyses

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

A Likert Scale includes all of the following EXCEPT: - Designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of study subjects - Most commonly used scaling technique in research - Provides a measure of control to the research design - Usually addresses agreement, evaluation, or frequency designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of study subjects

Provides a measure of control to the research design

A researcher enters a list of subjects from a sampling frame into a computer and the computer randomly assigns subjects to control or treatment groups. This is an example of - Cluster sampling - Simple random sampling - Stratified random sampling - Systematic sampling

Simple random sampling

How are study results utilized to develop evidence for practice? - Only evidence and data from strong studies are used - Only quantitative studies are used to build evidence - Strong points from multiple studies are used to build evidence - Studies must be replicated successfully to be used for evidence

Strong points from multiple studies are used to build evidence

What is true about grounded theory research? - Theory is developed from the data collected during the research - it is a method used to quantify theoretical constructs in theory development - Study designs uses a theoretical basis to develop the research questions - It is used to further research in areas where much concrete data is already known

Theory is developed from the data collected during the research

What is the purpose of qualitative research? - To describe experiences and insight from the subject's perspective - To describe data that cannot be measured or quantified - To establish causal relationships among subjective data - To allow researchers to interject their own values into studies

To describe experiences and insight from the subject's perspective

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient circumstances and values in the delivery of quality, safe, cost-effective health care - True - False

True

Mixed methods research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study - True - False

True

It is important to know the demographic variables among study subjects to - Calculate central tendency and standard deviation of study scores - Ensure that control and experimental subjects are different - Ensure that outcomes are not caused by independent variables - Understand how well the sample represents the target population

Understand how well the sample represents the target population

A common method of measurement used in qualitative research is - Scales - Physiologic measures - Unstructured interviews - Questionnaires

Unstructured interviews

Qualitative data utilizes the following - Questionnaires - Unstructured observations - Likert Scale - Randomized Control Trial

Unstructured observations

Which type of variable is used in a summary of sample characteristics? - Demographic variables - Research variable - Independent variables - Dependent variables

Demographic variables

Examples of nursing-sensitive patient outcomes include which of the following? (Select all that apply) - Functional status - Religious beliefs - Case management - Pain - Self-care

- Functional status - Pain - Self-care

Which of the following are true statements about qualitative research? (Select all that apply) - Qualitative research is a systematic approach used to describe experiences and situations from the perspective of persons in the situation - Qualitative research findings make an indistinct contribution to evidence-based practice - Qualitative research can generate rich descriptions of the experiences of the participants - Qualitative research is conducted in controlled settings to learn about a topic from the perspectives of the participants - Qualitative research process follows the same general steps as the quantitative research process, and is based on the same philosophical values and assumptions

- Qualitative research is a systematic approach used to describe experiences and situations from the perspective of persons in the situation - Qualitative research can generate rich descriptions of the experiences of the participants

Which are types of probability sampling? (Select all that apply) - Simple random - Cluster - Network - Convenience - Stratified random

- Simple random - Cluster - Stratified random

The level of statistic significance often used in nursing studies is: - 0.7 - 0.5 - 0.05 - 0.01

0.05

During a qualitative research study, a researcher asks subjects a fixed set of questions to which the participants respond freely. This is an example of a(n): - Open-ended interview - Semi-structured interview - Structured interview - Unstructured interview

Semi-structured interview

During an initial review of a study, the reviewer will expect the methods section of the research report to include - A description of the study design and sampling methods - The limitations and generalizations of the study - Tables and guides representing study results - The framework definitions of study variables

A description of the study design and sampling methods

A parameter is a characteristic of - A population - A frequency distribution - A sample - A normal curve

A population

A researcher wishes to study the effects of a nursing intervention on children with cancer and obtains a sample of school-age children hospitalized for cancer treatment in a local hospital. This sample represents the - Accessible population - General population - Target population - Theoretical population

Accessible population

The gaol of appropriate sampling in research is to - Accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population - Completely define the traits of the accessible population - Identify all attributes of the sample population - Study an entire population

Accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population

A researcher conducting a qualitative study knows that saturation of information has occurred when - Additional sampling reveals redundant information - Data collected confirm theoretical models - Subjects participating are representative of the general population - The desired sample size has been reached

Additional sampling reveals redundant information

Which situation will involve the use of inferential statistics? - A comparison of independent variables in a quasi-experimental study - A discussion about demographic data - An analysis of demographic variables of the target population - An examination of the differences between control and experimental group scores

An examination of the differences between control and experimental group scores

A researcher begins a study with 250 subjects, and 50 subjects drop out before the study is concluded. The researcher will declare 20% as the sample - Acceptance rate - Attrition rate - Refusal rate - Retention rate

Attrition rate

What is the researcher-participant relationship in qualitative research? - Controlling subjects' responses by stating the aims of the study - Keeping a distance to avoid skewing research findings - Attaching personal meanings of the research to subjects' responses - Creating empathetic and honest relationships with study subjects

Creating empathetic and honest relationships with study subjects

The goal of a critical appraisal should be to - Determine where faults exist in the study design - Evaluate whether a proposed study is feasible - Identify the meaning and credibility of the study - Review the credentials and expertise of the researcher

Identify the meaning and credibility of the study

Which is true about a conceptual definition in a research study? - It defines how a concept can be manipulated in a study - It describes how a concept may be measured in a study - It is comprehensive and includes associative meanings - It is more specific than a dictionary definition

It is comprehensive and includes associative meanings

Which is true about a correlational analysis technique? - It usually involves comparing data from two subjects - It measures the relationship among variables - It is most desirable for small samples with homogenous scores - It is used to determine cause and effect among sets of variables

It measures the relationship among variables

What role does qualitative research play in evidence-based practice (EBP)? - Because it does not involve random-controlled trials (RCTs), it does not contribute directly to EBP - It offers a systematic approach for yielding insights into human experience and behavior - It provides the basis for most EBP guidelines and patient care protocols - It provides a way to measure and evaluate quality outcomes that affect patient care

It offers a systematic approach for yielding insights into human experience and behavior

The following are true statements regarding PRISMA, except... - It provides you with the steps to critically appraise systematic reviews and meta-analyses - Nurse researchers should not be concerned with the PRISMA checklist and instructions - It upholds rigorous research methodology to promote the accuracy of findings and minimize the reviewers' bias - It was created in 2009 by an international group of expert researchers and clinicians

Nurse researchers should not be concerned with the PRISMA checklist and instructions

Among subjects with coronary artery disease, a researcher identifies three levels of symptoms which can be categorized by severity (mild, moderate, and severe). This represents which level of measurement? - Interval - Ordinal - Ratio - Nominal

Ordinal

Among subjects with coronary artery disease, a researcher identifies three levels of symptoms which can be categorized by severity. This represents which level of measurement? - Interval - Nominal - Ordinal - Ratio

Ordinal

Which statement is true about using a questionnaire to collect data? - Questions are presented consistently with less chance for bias than with an interview - Subjects usually give more in-depth answers when responding to questionnaires - Questionnaires are generally more expensive than interviewing techniques - The response rate is generally higher than when using interviews to collect data

Questions are presented consistently with less chance for bias than with an interview

A study measuring the effects of a new diuretic medication records hourly urine output of subjects. This measure represents which level of measurement? - Interval - Nominal - Ordinal - Ratio

Ratio

A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to evaluate whether a measurement tool produces consistent results. This is an evaluation of - Accuracy - Precision - Reliability - Validity

Reliability

A researcher wishes to conduct a survey of attitudes about illness among young adults with cystic fibrosis. The researcher contacts a nearby regional medical cystic fibrosis clinic, where 250 young adults who have cystic fibrosis are seen. A group of 50 young adults are selected to complete the survey. These 50 people are the - Accessible population - Elements of the population - Sample population - Target population

Sample population