Quizzes and TopHat

If you were introduced to H.M. and spent the day talking with him, and then returned to see him the next day, which of the following questions might you expect him to ask: "Who are you?" "Who am I? What is my name?" "Is that the same shirt you were wearing when I met you yesterday?" all of the above none of the above

"Who are you?"

What is the threshold potential of the action potential shown here?

-50mV

Match the disease with treatment 1. Anxiety 2. Depression 3. Schizophrenia 4. Depression 2

1. GABA receptor indirect antagonist 2. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor 3. DA receptor antagonist 4. Serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Ionotropic vs. metabotropic 1. are ligand-gated ion channels 2. Are coupled to G-protiens 3. Mediate fast neurotransmission 4. Mediate slower modulatory transmission 5. Are indirectly coupled to ion channels 6. The receptor contains an ion channel

1. Ionotropic 2. Metabotropic 3. Ionotropic 4. Metabotropic 5. Metabotropic 6. Ionotropic

Match each sensory system with a characteristic of their signal detection unit. 1. Somatosensory 2. Auditory 3. Visual 4. Vestibular 5. Olfaction 6. Gustation

1. Produces action potentials after opening of stretch receptors 2. Only releases neurotransmitter when there is an influx of K+ 3. Receptors hyper polarize when bound by stimulus 4.releases neurotransmitter at rest and can increase/ decrease release with K+ influx 5. Produces action potentials in response to chemical binding G-protein coupled receptor 6. Produces graded potentials in response to chemical

1. How to ride a bicycle 2. Remembering how to get to Cathy 3. Knowing the definition of declarative memory 4. Remembering what you ate for dinner yesterday 5. Salivating when seeing or smelling pizza

1. motor memory 2. spatial memory 3. semantic memory 4. episodic memory 5. conditioned memory

Match the following structures with their function / location 1. inferior colliculus 2. Lateral superior olive 3. Medial superior olive 4. Medial geniculate nucleus 5. occipital lobe 6. temporal lobe 7. parietal lobe

1. vertical plane sound localization 2. interaural level difference 3. interaural time difference 4. auditory part of thalamus 5. primary visual cortex 6. primary auditory cortex 7. primary somatosensory cortex

Match the characteristic to the type of synapse 1. Unidirectional communication 2. Information is conducted in 2 directions 3. Action potential is required 4. Little to no synaptic delay 5. Calcium dependent

1.chemical synapse 2. electrical synapse 3. chemical synapse 4.electrical synapse 5. chemical synapse

Which of the following will make it more likely for a large dense-core vesicle to be released? A. L-type calcium channels are opened B. the presynaptic neuron fires low frequency action potentials c. more calcium enters the nerve terminal D. the presynaptic neuron fires high frequency action potentials E. Only N-type calcium channels are opened

A, C, D

You administer a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. What effect will this have on the function of the autonomic nervous system? (select all that apply) A.Transmission through the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia will be blocked. B. Sympathetic n.s. effects on target organs would be blocked C.parasympathetic n.s. effects on target organs would be blocked. D. Transmission through only sympathetic ganglia would be blocked. E. Transmission through only parasympathetic ganglia would be blocked F.Ionotropic acetylcholine receptors would be blocked G.Metabotropic acetylcholine receptors would be blocked

A, F

Consider only diffusive force - which direction is diffusive force on chloride when the cell is at rest? a. Out to in b. In to out

A. Out to in

What do metabotropic receptors and botulinum toxin have in common? A. They both inhibit transmitter release by interfering with the proper functioning of SNARE proteins B. they both inhibit transmitter release by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels C. they both change neuronal excitability by modulating the function of leak channels D. all of the above are in common E. they have nothing in common

A. They both inhibit transmitter release by interfering with the proper functioning of SNARE proteins

Which of the following are common features of a receptor potential and a post synaptic potential? Choose all that apply. A. both types of potentials are graded B. they both occur primarily on dendrites C. They both result in an excitatory stimuli D. Both types of potentials can cause a neuron to fire an action E. All of the above are true

A. both types of potentials are graded D. Both types of potentials can cause a neuron to fire an action

Stimulation of mossy fibers can affect multiple neuron types. What is the effect of this stimulation of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei? Click on all that apply. A. direct excitation B. direct inhibition C. indirect excitation D. indirect inhibition

A. direct excitation D. indirect inhibition

The "Duchenne smile"

A. involves activation of the obicularis oculi (muscles around the eye)

What is the net ion flux through an AMPA receptor when the driving force is -20mV? A. inward sodium current B. inward potassium current C. outward sodium current D. outward potassium current E. there would be no net current

A. inward sodium current

Which of the following would cause ON ganglion cells to fire more APs? (select all that apply) A. light B. dark C. increased glutamate release from photoreceptors D. decreased glutamate release from photoreceptors E. activation of mGluRs F. No activation of mGluRs G. Activation of AMPA receptors H. No activation of AMPA receptors

A. light D. decreased glutamate release from photoreceptors F. No activation of mGluRs

Damage to the vestibulocerebellum would result in which impairment? A. pathological nystagmus B. inability to move your limbs C. trouble initiating movements D. uncontrolled shaking E. all of the above

A. pathological nystagmus

Which of the following would cause depolarization of the photoreceptor? A. a phosphodiesterase inhibitor B. inhibition of cGMP C. Activation of G protein alpha subunits D. Light E. all of above F. none of the above

A. phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Select the characteristics of Broca's aphasia (select all that apply) Multiple answers:

A.intact comprehension of speech B.difficult producing speech D. tendency to repeat words E. disordered syntax and grammar

Dopamine input from the substantia nigra to the striatum results in which of the following? A. increased firing of globus pallidus internal neurons b.decreased firing of globus pallidus internal neurons c.increased firing of globus pallidus external neurons d.decreased firing of globus pallidus external neurons e.Increased firing of thalamic neurons f.Decreased firing of thalamic neurons

B, C, E

If you block the activation of adenylyl cyclase, what will happen in an ORN? A. Voltage-gated sodium channels will open, and AP will fire B. A lack of cAMP would prevent activation of the NA+/Ca++ channel C. Potassium ions would leave the neuron causing depolarization D. There would be increased calcium levels, therefore increased activation of chloride channels.

B. A lack of cAMP would prevent activation of the Na+/ Ca++ channel

Which of the following occur when the center is light and the surround is dark? Select all that apply. A. Center photoreceptor is depolarized B. Center photoreceptor is hyperpolarized C. Surround photoreceptor is depolarized D. Surround photoreceptor is hyperpolarized E. Horizontal cell is releasing GABA

B. Center photoreceptor is hyperpolarized C. Surround photoreceptor is depolarized B. Center photoreceptor is hyperpolarized E. Horizontal cell is releasing GABA

Which of the following is incorrect regarding driving force? A. Driving force is the difference between membrane potential and equilibrium potential B. Driving force is small when current is moving inward C. There is a large current when driving force is large D. Driving force on an ion will cause ions to move in the direction that brings the membrane closer to that ions equilibrium potential E. all of the above

B. Driving force is small when current is moving inward

A neuron that contains glutamate in the presynaptic terminal will be a glutamatergic neuron. A. True B. False

B. False

Consider only the electrical force - which way does it push chloride when the cell is at rest? a. Out to in b. In to out

B. In to out

Patient S.M., who suffered selective bilateral damage to the amygdala, exhibited which of the following characteristics? (select all that apply)

B. absence of fear F. a lack of personal fear

Multiple EPSPs are received by a neurons dendrite but an action potential is not fired in that cell. Which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation for this? A. The synapses are located on distal dendrites and thus the EPSPs degrade before reaching the axon hillock B. calcium channels have been blocked C. A large number of IPSPs are also received by the neuron, making the net potential less than threshold D. the cell is an absolute refractory period E. The axon has been de-myelinated

B. calcium channels have been blocked E. The axon has been de-myelinated

In primary visual cortex, which layer of the cortex would you expect to be the thickest?

B. layer 4

Which sensory receptors fire action potentials? (select all that apply) A. photoreceptors B. mechanoreceptors C. auditory hair cells D. vestibular hair cells E. taste receptors F. Olfactory receptor neurons G. ganglion cells

B. mechanoreceptors F. Olfactory receptor neurons G. ganglion cells

If the perilymph K+ concentration was increased slightly, what effect would it have on the hair cell? A. the hair cell would depolarize more slowly B. the hair cell would repolarize more slowly C. Neurotransmitter would not be released D. there would be no effect

B. the hair cell would repolarize more slowly

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the basal ganglia? A.Basal ganglia circuitry is primarily inhibitory and must be dis-inhibited for proper movement. B.The basal ganglia projects directly to lower motor neurons to influence muscle movements. C.he basal ganglia modulate how much inhibitory input goes to the thalamus. D.Basal ganglia neurons require many cortical inputs to trigger an action potential. E.Activation of medium spiny neurons results in inhibition of globus pallidus neurons

B.The basal ganglia projects directly to lower motor neurons to influence muscle movements.

Put the following events in chronological order A. Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft B. Voltage-gated C. Action potential depolarizes nerve terminal D. Vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane

C, B, E, D

You woke up late for your OChem exam yesterday. As you were sprinting up to Chevron which of the following was / were happening in your autonomic nervous system? (select all that are true) A. the parasympathetic system was constricting blood vessels to keep blood close tor raise your blood pressure B.The parasympathetic system was increasing digestion to provide energy to run fast. C.The sympathetic nervous system was decreasing gastric activity D.The sympathetic nervous system was increasing your heart rate E.More blood was flowing to your skeletal muscles than your visceral organs

C, D, E

What is true about organization of the visual system? (select all that apply) A. rods are responsible for color vision B. all vision information from the left eye goes to the right cortex C. all information from the left visual field goes to the right cortex D. all information from both eyes goes to both hemisphere's LGN E. Photon binding increases glutamate release from photoreceptors F. Photon binding decreases glutamate release from photoreceptors

C, F

Which of the following are true about equilibrium potential? (check all that apply) A. The resting membrane potential is the same thing as the equilibrium potential for potassium B. an ion's equilibrium potential depends on the cell's resting membrane potential C. At the equilibrium potential the diffusive force on an ion is exactly balanced by the electrostatic force resulting in no net movement of ions D. Equilibrium potential is a voltage where there are no ions flowing across the membrane because chemical and electrical gradients are equal E. Changing the concentration gradient of ion will change its equilibrium potential

C. At the equilibrium potential the diffusive force on an ion is exactly balanced by the electrostatic force resulting in no net movement of ions E. Changing the concentration gradient of ion will change its equilibrium potential

You are studying the relationship between changes in membrane potential and ion currents. Right before an action potential fires, someone spills a little bit of Tetraethylammonium (TEA) into the solution surrounding the cell.What will happen? A. Nothing the neuron will not fire an action potential because threshold will not be reached B. The neuron will depolarize as normal, but will repolarize much faster C. The neuron will depolarize as normal, but will depolarize much slower D. None of the above

C. The neuron will depolarize as normal, but will depolarize much slower

How is it possible that glutamate can have opposite effect on ON bipolar and OFF bipolar cells? A. glutamate is not released onto both kinds of cells at the same time B. a different form of glutamate is released onto the 2 cell types C. because the two cells types express different receptors D. glutamate is activated by light, therefore depolarizes ON cells E. Glutamate is released only onto ON cells

C. because the two cells types express different receptors

A newly discovered neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, causing the release of a protein and subsequent opening of a potassium channel. What class of receptor did it act on? Select all that apply. A. Voltage-gated ion channel B. ionotropic C. metabotropic D. ligand-gated ion channel E. G-protein coupled receptor

C. metabotropic E. G-protein coupled receptor

Which of the following is true of vestibular hair cells, but NOT auditory hair cells A. They are depolarized by potassium influx B. They are depolarized by potassium efflux C. They release neurotransmitter at rest D. They fire action potentials when depolarized past their threshold potential

C. they release neurotransmitter at rest

Select the characteristics of Broca's aphasia (select all that apply)

C. using inappropriate words D. little spontaneous repetition F. Fluent speech

Which of these statements regarding risk factors for schizophrenia is false? Schizophrenia is believed to result from two different "hits", which include genetic and environmental factors. Lower socioeconomic status, poor family environment, and drug use during pregnancy have all been identified as risk factors for schizophrenia Cannabis use during adolescence while the brain is still developing is believed to reduce the risk of developing schizophrenia About 80% of a person's risk of developing schizophrenia is genetic All of the above are true

Cannabis use during adolescence while the brain is still developing is believed to reduce the risk of developing schizophrenia

Which value would give you the best estimate of the relative number and complexity of synaptic inputs to a given neuron? The number of axons that neuron has. Correct! The extent and complexity of that neuron's dendritic branches and spines. The number of neurotransmitter vesicles in the neuron's axon terminal all of the above none of the above

Correct! The extent and complexity of that neuron's dendritic branches and spines.

Which of the following is false about the structure of the Meninges? The sub-arachnoid space is a fluid filled space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater. The three main layers of the meninges from outside to inside are the Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater Correct! The meninges are tissue layers which protect the brain from toxins in the blood. All of the above are true None of the above are true.

Correct! The meninges are tissue layers which protect the brain from toxins in the blood.

Put the following cerebrospinal fluid flow in order.i. Enters the subdural sinuses through arachnoid villi/granulationsii. Enters the subarachnoid spaceiii. Derived from choroid plexus on the walls of ventriclesiv. Leaves ventricles via forminav. Cycles back to blood circulation Correct! iii, iv, ii, i, v ii, i, iv, iii, v iv, iii, i, ii, v iii, i, ii, iv, v none of the above

Correct! iii, iv, ii, i, v

You have suffered an injury to the brain which has led to cell damage and death. Which type of nervous system cell is most important in clearing away the accumulated cellular debris? neurons oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Correct! microglia endothelial cells

Correct! microglia

Which of the following is true regarding the neuromuscular junction? A.Postsynaptic ACh channels are voltage gated channels that directly produce action potentials B. The end plate potential at the end plate directly causes muscle contraction C.The EPP potential is all or none, propagating without decrement through muscle fiber D.Muscle action potentials are triggered by activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels E.None of the above

D

Blocking voltage-gated calcium channels in a neuron would result in which of these? A. No threshold, therefore no action potential B. The action potential would begin, but could not repolarize C. the action potential would be normal, but would not propagate to the terminal D. The action potential would propagate normally, but no transmitter would be released E. All of the above would happen if calcium channels blocked

D. The action potential would propagate normally, but no transmitter would be released

What is the most important factor in determine whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory? A. the chemical structure of the neurotransmitter B. The overall change (+ or-) on the neurotransmitter molecule C. The overall size (# of amino acids) of the neurotransmitter D. The specific receptor bound by the neurotransmitter E. The type of vesicle the neurotransmitter is stored in

D. The specific receptor bound by the neurotransmitter

Where is primary somatosensory cortex? (select all that apply) A. Occipital lobe B. temporal lobe C. frontal lobe D. parietal lobe E. precental sulcus F. postcentral sulcus G. insular cortex

D. parietal lobe F. postcentral sulcus

A response to a ___ constitutes a conditioned fear response in the rat.

D. tone paired repeatedly with a foot shock

Which of the following is accurate after an animal has learned to associate a reward with a conditioned stimulus? Dopaminergic neurons in the VTA increase their firing rates while receiving a reward. Dopaminergic neurons in the VTA decrease their firing rates when a conditioned stimulus is presented. Cholinergic neurons in the hypothalamus decrease their firing rates while receiving an award. Dopaminergic neurons in the VTA increase their firing rates when a conditioned stimulus is presented. Cholinergic neurons in the VTA do not fire when no reward is given after a conditioned stimulus.

Dopaminergic neurons in the VTA increase their firing rates when a conditioned stimulus is presented.

Put the following steps describing the process of neurotransmitter release from auditory hair cells in the proper order. A. transmitter release B. shearing force causes stereo cilia to bend C. depolarization D. opening of stretch-activated potassium channels E. vibration of the basilar membrane F. Movement of the tectorial membrane G. Calcium influx

E, F, B, D, C, G,A

Which of the following would result from loss of olivary input to the cerebellum? (damage to the olive) A. inability to perfect motor movements B. decreased excitation of cerebellar nuclei neurons C.decreased inhibition of Purkinje cells D. Decreased inhibition of mossy fibers E. a and b F. a and c

E. a and b

Put the following steps of olfactory transduction in the proper order. A. Action potentials B opening of Ca++ activated chloride channels C. Opening of cAMP-gated Na+/Ca++ channels D. alpha-subunit activates adenyl cyclase e. Depolarization to threshold: opening of voltage-gated sodium channels F. Odorant binds to G-protein coupled receptor

F, d, C, b, E, A

In order to relieve anxiety, drugs should enhance the activity of which neurotransmitter system? acetylcholine dopamine GABA glutamate norepinephrine

GABA

For which disease could gene silencing (of a single gene) be an effective treatment for all patients? Parkinson's Disease Huntington's Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis All of the above Both a and B

Huntington's Disease

Which of the following statements about the clinical case of H.M. is false? H.M. had profound anterograde amnesia H.M.'s non-declarative memory was intact. H.M. was unable to remember clinicians he met after the surgery, even though they worked with him for many years. It demonstrated that the hippocampus is critical for long-term storage of declarative memories. all of the above are true

It demonstrated that the hippocampus is critical for long-term storage of declarative memories.

Movement of the hair bundle by the tectorial membrane opens stretch activated __ channels in the____ of the hair cell, which __ the cell.

K+, stereo cilia, depolarizes

Which of the following DA projections is paired correctly with its function? Nigrostriatal - reward Mesocortical - cognition / executive function Mesolimbic - motor All of the above are correct

Mesocortical - cognition / executive function

An individual who has voluntary facial paresis has aberrations in...? The ability to produce a Duchenne smile. The ability to produce an emotional smile. Only their descending extrapyramidal tracts from forebrain and hypothalamus, but not pyramidal tracts from motor cortex and brainstem. All of the above None of the above.

None of the above.

The word "achieve" is projected onto a screen for a student to read and repeat aloud. What is the correct pathway used to perform this task? Primary visual cortex Broca's area Wernicke's area Primary Motor Cortex Wernicke's area Primary visual cortex Broca's area Primary Motor Cortex Primary visual cortex Wernicke's area Broca's area Primary Motor Cortex Primary visual cortex Broca's area Wernicke's area Primary Motor Cortex

Primary visual cortex, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, Primary Motor Cortex

The hypothalamus is responsible for all of the following Except? Sleep/wake cycle Feeding and breeding Activation of sympathetic response to emotional stimulus Innate defensive behavior The hypothalamus is responsible for all of the above

The hypothalamus is responsible for all of the above

What is the main idea of the Neuron Doctrine? The nervous system is comprised of individual neurons that signal across gaps. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system that communicate primarily through cytoplasmic connections. Neural networks are the structural units of all living matter. Neurons are a syncytium of neurons that work together. all of the above

The nervous system is comprised of individual neurons that signal across gaps.

What effect would a bilateral lesion to the amygdala have on a person? The person would not be able to store new memories There would be no adverse effects following the lesion The person would be unable to experience fear The person would lose their circadian rhythms The person would have difficulty retrieving previously stored memories

The person would be unable to experience fear

Study participants are asked to remember a series of 10 words after a variable time delay. After the longest experimental delay of 2 minutes, what effect would be most dominant? There would be a primacy effect but no recency effect There would be a recency effect but not primacy effect The primacy and recency effects would be equal There would not be a primacy nor a recency effect Impossible to predict since it depends on how good the person's memory is

There would be a primacy effect but no recency effect

The hippocampus is necessary for the consolidation of declarative memories, but not for the acquisition of new procedural memories. true false

True

What type of aphasia is characterized by a patient with the following traits? 1.Produces words easily 2.Doesn't follow instructions or respond correctly to questions 3Is apparently unaware of their disorder Anemic Broca's Conduction Expressive Wernicke's

Wernicke's

A doctor is trying to diagnose a patient. The patient has fluent speech but when the patient speaks, the word choices do not make sense . Which type of aphasia does the patient most likely have?

Wernicke's Aphasia

A patient presents with the ability to fluently produce language, but it is nonsensical. The patient is unaware that they have a problem. What would you diagnose this patient with and what brain area is likely affected? Broca's aphasia, left frontal lobe Wernicke's aphasia, left frontal lobe Broca's aphasia, rear left temporal lobe Wernicke's aphasia, rear left temporal lobe

Wernicke's aphasia, rear left temporal lobe

Which of the following is/are involved pathophysiology of ALS? A. death of upper motor neurons B. death of lower motor neurons C. protein inclusions within glial cells D. all of the above E. a and b only

a and b only

Which of the following is/are involved pathophysiology of ALS? Death of upper motor neurons Death of lower motor neurons Protein inclusions in neighboring astrocytes all of the above a and b only

a and b only

A neuron expresses the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and PMNT. Which neurotransmitter will be synthesized and released by the neuron? A. dopamine B. norepinephrine C. epinephrine D. all of the above E. none of the above

a. dopamine

You are examining a motor neuron from the peripheral nervous system of a rat. Which of the following would you expect to be true for the axon under view? it has a continuous sheath of insulation (myelin) wrapped around the entire axon it has segments of myelin provided by oligodendrocytes Correct! action potential propagation in this axon is faster than in an unmyelinated axon none of the above b and c only

action potential propagation in this axon is faster than in an unmyelinated axon

Which of the following brain area(s) is / are involved in anxiety? the amygdala the hypothalamus the locus ceruleus all of the above a and b only

all of the above

Which of the following statements is true about the L-Dopa treatment for Parkinson's disease? A. high doses of L-dopa cause nausea and vomiting B. long-term use of L-dopa can cause dyskinesia and"on-off_" periods C. carbidopa prevents the conversion of L-dopa t dopamine in the peripheral bloodstream, but does not cross the blood brain barrier d. all of the above e. none of the above

all of the above

Which of the following statements is true about the L-Dopa treatment for Parkinson's diseases? A.High doses of L-Dopa cause nausea, vomiting and with long term use, dyskinesias B.L-Dopa is given as a dopamine precursor because L-Dopa can cross the Blood Brain Barrier but Dopamine can not C. Carbidopa prevents the conversion of L-Dopa to dopamine, but only in the peripheral blood supply D. All of the above E. A and b only

all of the above

A patient comes to you complaining of muscle weakness, slurred speech, and frequently dropping items. He has no other cognitive symptoms or changes in mood. The patient also complains of fatigue and muscle cramps. What diagnosis do you give him?

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which of the following statements provides evidence against the monoamine theory of depression? drugs that alleviate depressive symptoms work to boost / increase monoamine neurotransmission. the drug reserpine, that causes depletion of monoamines, helps to relieve the symptoms of depression antidepressants take 2-3 weeks to begin relieving the symptoms of depression all of the above none of the above

antidepressants take 2-3 weeks to begin relieving the symptoms of depression

Conduction aphasia results from damage to which of the following brain areas / pathways? arcuate fasciculus cerebral peduncle PVN (paraventricular nucleus) Wernicke's area reticular formation

arcuate fasciculus

Katy is having trouble swallowing her food, what cranial nerve may be damaged? A. VI b. X c. VII d. V e. II

b.X

What is the primary biochemical effect of first-generation antipsychotic drugs? activate dopamine receptors block dopamine receptors cause dopamine release block serotonin receptors inhibit serotonin reuptake

block dopamine receptors

Patients with damage to Broca's area... are able to produce speech easily, but have difficulty understanding language. cannot speak words, but can "sign" words using American Sign Language can understand language and follow verbal instructions. all of the above b and c only

can understand language and follow verbal instructions

Will movement increase or decrease when globus pallidus internal is stimulated (stimulated means it is firing action potentials)?

decrease

Will movement increase or decrease when the subthalamic nucleus is stimulated?

decrease

Which of these correctly describes a set of positive symptoms of schizophrenia? hallucinations, flat affect, paranoia delusions of grandeur, disorganized speech and behavior, hallucinations better performance on cognitive tasks, improved outlook and self-esteem, increased socialization racing and disorganized thoughts, social withdrawal, apathy b and c

delusions of grandeur, disorganized speech and behavior, hallucinations

According to the principle of dynamic polarity, which of the following best describes the flow of information in a neuron? axon to cell body to axon terminal to dendrites axon to dendrites to cell body to axon terminal axon terminal to axon to dendrites to cell body dendrites to axon terminal to axon to cell body Correct! dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal

dendrites to cell body to axon to axon terminal

Drugs that people abuse and are likely to cause addiction increase levels of the neurotransmitter ___ in the brain area ___

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

Drugs that people abuse and are likely to cause addiction increase levels of the neurotransmitter _____ in the brain area ____

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

Most addictive drugs target the reward pathway. Consuming these drugs leads to an increase in the neurotransmitter _________________ in the __________________. dopamine, ventral tegmental area dopamine, nucleus accumbens norepinephrine, cortex norepinephrine, nucleus accumbens serotonin, amygdala

dopamine, nucleus accumbens

You administer a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. What would be the effect on the neuromuscular junction? A. it would block release of neurotransmitter from the motor neuron b. It would prevent the EPP c.It would prevent muscle contractions d.all of the above e.b and c only

e. b and c only

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease? amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles excess activity in the hippocampus loss of acetylcholine containing neurons all of the above contribute

excess activity in the hippocampus

Which of the following is true regarding the result(s) of endolymph movement on the cupula? A. With constant velocity spinning, there is slight movement toward the kinocilium, causing depolarization B. With constant velocity spinning, there is no net movement, so endolymph and cupola return to rest C. If rotational acceleration of endolymph causes the hair bundle to move toward the kinocilium, there is depolarization D. If linear, orthogonal acceleration of endolymph causes the hair bundle to move toward the kinocilium, there is depolarization E. a and c F. b and c G. b and d

f. b and c

Which type(s) of synaptic change(s) is (are) thought to underlie learning? formation of axon collaterals to increase the number of synapses in existing circuits increased strength of the synapse resulting in smaller post-synaptic potentials neurogenesis - birth and development of new neurons in the hippocampus and cortex all of the above You Answered a and b only

formation of axon collaterals to increase the number of synapses in existing circuits

Which of the following deficits do you think might cause AD patients to wander around and get lost?

loss of place cell neurons in the hippocampus

Many of the symptoms of anxiety can be explained by... increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system increased activity in the reticular activating system (RAS) an overall decrease in brain activity none of the above

ncreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following brain areas is NOT involved in the reward center? ventral tegmental area (VTA) nucleus accumbens (NA) hippocampus basal ganglia occipital lobe of cortex

occipital lobe of cortex

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms.Sound enters the cochlea through the _ and vibrates the ____. This vibration causes the __ to move, bending the stereocilia of the hair cell and initiating a(n) ____potential in that cell.

oval window, basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, receptor

According to current consensus, the most likely role of the right hemisphere in language is _________. lower-level analysis of sensory signals from which language is extracted. programming of word sequences based on their semantic content. processing the emotional and tonal (prosodic) components of language. reading and writing of languages with spatially complex characters, such as Mandarin Chinese. None of the above; the right hemisphere plays little or no role in language.

processing the emotional and tonal (prosodic) components of language.

The loss of memories that had been stored before an injury is called ___________amnesia, while the inability to form new memories is called ________________ amnesia. anterograde, procedural retrograde, procedural anterograde, retrograde, retrograde, anterograde Both are referred to as declarative amnesia

retrograde, anterograde