Quizzes for Test 3

What are two important terms in motor control theory? a. Variability and degrees of freedom problem b. Coordination and degrees of freedom problem c. Variability and stability d. None of the above e. Coordination and stability

b. Coordination and degrees of freedom problem

With the cell membrane potential is +200mV, we say that this state is called ___. a. Hyperpolarization b. Depolarization c. Neutral d. Repolarization

b. Depolarization

In general, the force production from larger muscles (e.g. vastus lateralis) is achieved by ___, and the force production from smaller muscles (e.g. FDI) is achieved by___. a. Tendon reflexes; stretch reflexes b. Motor unit recruitment; motor unit rate coding c. None of the above d. Motor unit rate coding; motor unit recruitment

b. Motor unit recruitment; motor unit rate coding

What are the two principles that govern the relationship between motor neuron activity and muscle force? a. Firing rate and activation ratio b. Rate coding and size principle c. Rate coding and firing rate d. Recruitment and size principle

b. Rate coding and size principle

Which organ in the skeletal muscle stores calcium? a. Tropomyosin b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Actin d. Transverse tubules

b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The synapse formed between a spinal motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell is ___ a. The Neurospinal junction b. The Neuromuscular junction c. The Spinal-muscular junction d. The spino-thalamic junction

b. The Neuromuscular junction

Surface Electromyography (EMG) gives us a picture of ___. a. The overall vibration of the muscle fibers under the electrodes b. The summation of motor unit action potentials that pass within the recording area of the electrodes c. The summation of muscle spindle firing activity that pass within the recording area of the electrodes d. The muscle fiber number that lie under the recording area of the electrodes

b. The summation of motor unit action potentials that pass within the recording area of the electrodes

The major motor pathway involved in voluntary movement___. a. is the corticospinal tract that originates in the parietal cortex b. is the corticospinal tract that originates in the motor cortex c. is the corticobulbar tract that originates in the motor cortex d. is the Primary motor tract that originates in the motor cortex e. is the Reticulospinal tract that originates in the brain stem

b. is the corticospinal tract that originates in the motor cortex

A typical neuron's membrane potential is ___. a. -30mV b. Neutral (0) c. -70mV d. +100mV

c. -70mV

Dorsal rhizotomy is a method to estimate motor unit umbers. Which of the following statement is not true regarding this technique? a. It overestimates the number of alpha motor neurons in early literature b. It estimates the motor unit number including both alpha and gamma motor neurons c. It can be performed on human in vivo (alive) d. It involves with cutting the dorsal root distal to ganglia

c. It can be performed on human in vivo (alive)

"Generalized motor program (GMP)" is a mechanism based on___ theory. a. Dynamical system b. None of the above c. Motor program-based d. Voluntary control

c. Motor program-based

The ratio between the total number of muscle fibers and the number of motor neurons in a specific muscle is called: a. Motor unit number b. Innervation capital c. Motor unit size d. Innervation gain

c. Motor unit size

Which of the following should describe a large class of observations and accurately predict the results of future observations? a. Model b. Hypothesis c. Schema d. Theory

d. Theory

What is the synaptic receptor at the neuromuscular junction for acetylcholine? a. GABAergic receptors b. The endplate c. Postsynaptic receptor acetylcholine-esterase d. Glycinergic receptors e. Nicotinic-cholinergic receptors

e. Nicotinic-cholinergic receptors

The layers of the cortex contain different proportions of two main classes of cortical neurons, these classes are: a. Pyramidal and alpha b. Alpha and gamma c. Pyramidal and gamma d. Non pyramidal and alpha e. Pyramidal and non-pyramidal

e. Pyramidal and non-pyramida